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“JOGMEC Survey on Environmental Protection, Forest Conservation,
Land Reclamation and Forest Rehabilitation in Coal Mining in Indonesia”
Introduction of the JOGMEC survey and brief overview
on the laws and regulations of coal mining in Indonesia
Eiichiro Nakama
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Table of the contents
I. Framework of the survey
II. Back ground
III. Objectives
IV. Implementing structure
V. Activities
VI. Output
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I. Framework of the survey
Title of the survey
Survey on Environmental Protection, Forest Conservation,
Land Reclamation and Forest Rehabilitation in Coal
Mining in Indonesia
Executing Agency
Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation
(JOGMEC)
Funding source
The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Survey period
October 2015 - February 2016 (5 months)
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Indonesia is the world‘s largest coal exporter and the second largest coal
importing country for Japan. It is necessary for Japan to know the policy
trends, laws and regulations, and current situation of coal mining in
Indonesia.
In particular, environmental protection, forest conservation, land
reclamation and forest rehabilitation in coal mining is very important to
reduce the environmental impact, and for sustainable coal production.
This is the big challenge for Indonesia to adopt appropriate policy and
prepare domestic laws on those issues and implementation on the
ground. It is also important for Japan to secure sustainable coal import
from Indonesia.
II. Back ground of the survey
COAL IMPORT
SUSTAINABLE
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III. Objectives of the survey
1. The laws and regulations in Indonesia
2. The current implementation status on the ground by coal
production companies in Indonesia
3. The problems and the future prospects in Indonesia
Sharing the information on the environmental protection,
forest conservation, land reclamation and forest rehabilitation
of coal mining in Indonesia to Japanese private sectors for
sustainable coal import to Japan.
by analysis and reporting on …
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IV. Implementing structure in Indonesia
MOU
Executing Agency
Implementing AgencyCooperation Agency
Supporting Agency
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V. Activities of the survey
i. Literature research on laws & regulations
ii. Hearing and field studyiii.
Inter-
national
Seminar
in
Jakarta
Analysis on the problems and future prospects
Central governments
Provincial government
District government
Academic institutions
Coal production companies
Law (UU) of the Republic of Indonesia
Governmental regulation (PP)
Ministerial regulation (Permen)
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VI. Outputs of the survey
1. Laws and regulations of coal mining
Exploration ProductionMine
ClosureMining
stage
The Ministry of
Energy and Mineral
Resources
The Ministry of Environment and Forestry
Ex. The Ministry
of Environment
Ex. The Ministry of
Forestry
Mining business
Aspects
Laws Governmental
Regulations
Ministerial
Regulations
Mining 1 3 2
Environment 1 2 5
Lease of Forest Area 1 2 1
Payment of Dues 1 2 3
Reclamation &
Mine Closure
1 1 4
Others 3 2 -
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Number of the laws and regulations related to the coal mining
business which were analyzed through this survey
Detail explanation will be given through the next presentations
Laws and regulations above were translated into Japanese
2. Hearing and field survey
2-1. Hearing to the Central governments
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The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MoEMR)
- Directorate General of Mineral and Coal
The Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF)
- Directorate General of Forestry Planning
- Directorate General of Environmental Pollution & Destruction Control
- Directorate General of Watershed Control and Protection Forest
Directorate of Technique and
Environment (MoEMR) Directorate of Forestry Planning
2-2. Hearing to the two province
11Forestry Agency in South Sumatra
Province
Mining and Energy Agency in
East Kalimantan Province
South Sumatra Province
- Mining & Energy Agency, Forestry Agency of provincial government
- Regional Watershed Management Center of MoEF
East Kalimantan Province
- Mining & Energy Agency, Forestry Agency of provincial government
- Regional Forestry Planning Center of MoEF
- Regional Watershed Management Center of MoEF
2-3. Hearing to the District governments
12Mining and Energy Agency
in Muara Enim District
Forestry Agency in
Muara Enim District
Mining and Energy Agency
in East Kutai District
South Sumatra Province
- Muara Enim District: Mining & Energy Agency, Forestry Agency
- OKU District: Mining & Energy Agency, Forestry Agency
East Kalimantan Province
- Kutai Kartanegara District: Mining & Energy Agency, Forestry Agency
- East Kutai District: Mining & Energy Agency, Forestry Agency
2-4. Hearing to the Scientific Institutes
13FORDA, Bogor EMC,
Governmental Research Center
- Forestry Research and Development Center (FORDA), Bogor
- Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development
(ICALRRD), Bogor
- Environmental Management Center (EMC),
Universities
- Institute of Technology, Bandung (ITB)
- Institute of Agriculture, Bogor (IPB)
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PT Bukit Asam (PTBA)Location: South Sumatra Province
Production: 16,365,593 ton (2014)
PTBA has been awarded a Gold PROPER by MoEF for
environmental excellence and successful community
development.
2-4. Hearing and field survey to the coal mining companies
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PT. Bakti Nugraha Yuda Energi (PTBNY)
Location: South Sumatra Province
Production: 250,000 - 335,000 ton/year
Especially for coal supply to the Electric Steam Power Plant
(PLTU) which is located within the coal mining area.
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PT. Indominco Mandiri (PTIMM)
Location: East Kalimantan Province
Production: 15,000,000 - 16,000,000 ton/year
“Beyond Compliance” for example, In Pit Crush and Conveyer
(IPCC), sluice gate in the settling pond and biodiversity (fauna
and flora) conservation and rehabilitation.
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PT. Mahakam Sumber Jaya (PTMSJ)
Location: East Kalimantan Province
Production: 3,366,879 ton/year in 2015
Successful forest rehabilitation with fast-growing tree species
as a shading for local tree species.
3. Analysis on the problems and future prospects
Laws and regulations on the environmental protection,
forest conservation, reclamation and rehabilitation of coal
mining in Indonesia are sufficiently developed.
Big companies comply with the laws and regulations.
However, for the some small companies, it is difficult to fully
comply with the laws and regulations because of the
limitation of funding, technical knowledge and know-how
and human resources.
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3-1. Compliance
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After the decentralization and local autonomy, from 2001 -
2009, some District governments issued too many mining
licenses to small private companies.
Some problems has been occurred on the ground.
e.g.) Dig and away without reclamation/rehabilitation.
Mining without permission/illegal mining.
Indonesian government is trying to solve those problems by
issuing the new law regarding the mineral and coal mining
(No.9/2009) and the local government (No.23/2014).
Given the authority to the Provincial government from
the District government to issue the license,
management and control the mining activities.
3-2. Governance
3-3. Technical matters
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Forest establishment firstly and ensure biodiversity
Land
structuring
- Gentle
slope
- Terrace
- Drainage
Soil condition
Soil amendment
Topsoil/compost/liming
Physical
- compact
- porosity
Chemical
- pH
- fertility
Planting
tree
species
- Strong
Pioneer
- Fast-
growing
- Local
Acid-Mine-Drainage (AMD), Acid-Sulfate-Soil (ASS)
Potential
acidity
assessment
- Geological
structure
- Mine waste
materials
Soil erosion, Poor soil condition
Environmental problems/obstacles in coal mining
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