introduction to arduino and circuits

Intro to ArduinoThe Basics of Open Hardware and Circuits

Jason Griffey Evenly Distributed LLC

http://evenlydistributed.net

Code4LibDC 2014

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Software install?

Let’s Plug In

Open Source Hardware

Moore’s Law

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Koomey’s Law

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Arduino

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Why Arduino?

Open Hardware

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Shields

A La Mode

http://learn.adafruit.com/system/assets/assets/000/000/426/original/FSR402_MED.jpg?1340650766

Sensors

Arduino Software

Our Hardware

Fritzing

ArduinoIDE

Our Sketch

int val; !void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } !void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); !if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); !if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); !if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); }

Globals

Setup

Loop

int val; !void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } !void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); !if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); !if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); !if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); }

Globals

Setup

Loop

int val; !void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } !void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); !if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); !if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); !if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); }

Globals

Setup

Loop

int val; !void setup() { pinMode(2,OUTPUT); pinMode(3,OUTPUT); pinMode(4,OUTPUT); pinMode(5,OUTPUT); Serial.begin(9600); } !void loop() { Serial.println(analogRead(0)); val = analogRead(0); !if (val > 256) digitalWrite(2,HIGH); if (val < 256) digitalWrite(2,LOW); if (val > 512) digitalWrite(3,HIGH); if (val < 512) digitalWrite(3,LOW); !if (val > 768) digitalWrite(4,HIGH); if (val < 768) digitalWrite(4,LOW); !if (val > 769) digitalWrite(5,HIGH); if (val < 1020) digitalWrite(5,LOW); }

Globals

Setup

Loop

Can you:

Can you:

• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

Can you:

• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

• Re-wire the ground wires?

Can you:

• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

• Re-wire the ground wires?

• Change the order the LEDs light up?

Can you:

• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

• Re-wire the ground wires?

• Change the order the LEDs light up?

• Light up 2 LEDs at once?

Can you:

• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

• Re-wire the ground wires?

• Change the order the LEDs light up?

• Light up 2 LEDs at once?

• Add another LED?

Can you:

• Change one of the Pin Numbers?

• Re-wire the ground wires?

• Change the order the LEDs light up?

• Light up 2 LEDs at once?

• Add another LED?

• Swap the sensor?

Structure/* Each Arduino sketch must contain the following two functions. */void setup(){/* this code runs once at the beginning of the code execution. */}void loop(){/* this code runs repeatedly over and over as long as the board is powered. */}

Comments// this is a single line/* this isa multiline */

SetuppinMode(pin, [INPUT \ OUTPUT \ INPUT_PULLUP]);/* Sets the mode of the digital I/O pin. It can be set as an input, output, or an input with an internal pull-up resistor. */

Control Structuresif(condition){// if condition is TRUE, do something here}else{// otherwise, do this}

for(initialization; condition; increment){// do this}/* The ‘for’ statement is used to repeat a block of statements enclosed in curly braces. An increment counter is usually used to increment and terminate the loop. */

Digital I/OdigitalWrite(pin, val); /* val = HIGH or LOW. Sets the digital pin to either ON or OFF. */int var = digitalRead(pin);/* Reads the voltage from a digital pin. Returns either HIGH or LOW. */int var = digitalRead(pin);/* Reads the value from a specified digital pin, either HIGH or LOW. */

Analog I/OanalogWrite(pin, val); /* Writes an analog voltage to a pin.val = integer value from 0 to 255 */int var = analogRead(pin);/* Reads the voltage from the specified analog pin. */int var = analogRead(pin);/* Reads the value from the specified analog pin. */

Timedelay(time_ms);/* Pauses the program for the amount of time (in milliseconds). */delayMicroseconds(time_us);/* Pauses the program for the amount of time (in microseconds). */millis();/* Returns the number of milliseconds since the board began running the current program. max: 4,294,967,295 */micros();/* Returns the number of microseconds since the board began running the current program. max: 4,294,967,295 */

Serial CommunicationSerial.begin(baudrate);/* Sets the data rate in bits per second (baud) for serial data transmission. */Serial.print("");/* Sets the data rate in bits per second (baud) for serial data transmission. */Serial.print("Hello World!!");/* Sends a string "Hello World!!" to the serial bus. This will be seen on the Serial Monitor in Arduino. */Serial.println("Hello World!");/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to advance to the next line. */Serial.println("");/* Identical to Serial.print(), but this also adds a carriage-return / line-feed to advance to the next line. */boolean Serial.available()/* Serial.available() returns TRUE if there is data available on the Serial bus. */int Serial.read();/* Returns a single byte of data available from the Serial buffer. */int Serial.read();/* Returns a single byte of data available from the Serial buffer. */

Data Typesvoid // nothing is returnedboolean // 0, 1, false, truechar // 8 bits: ASCII characterbyte // 8 bits: 0 to 255, unsignedint // 16 bits: 32,768 to 32,767, signedlong /* 32 bits: 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647, signed */float // 32 bits, signed decimal

ConstantsHIGH \ LOWINPUT \ OUTPUTtrue \ false

Mathematical Operators= // assignment+ // addition- // subtraction* // multiplication/ // division% // modulus

Logical Operators== // boolean equal to!= // not equal to< // less than> // greater than<= // less than or equal to>= // greater than or equal to&& // Boolean AND|| // Boolean OR! // Boolean NOT

Bitwise Operators& // bitwise AND| // bitwise OR^ // bitwise XOR~ // bitwise INVERTvar << n // bitwise shift left by n bitsvar >> n // bitwise shift right by n bits

Libraries#include <libraryname.h>/* this provides access to special additional functions for things such as servo motors, SD card, wifi, or bluetooth. */

Advanced I/Otone(pin, freq);/* Generates a square wave of the specified frequency to a pin. Pin must be one of the PWM (~) pins. */tone(pin, freq, duration);/* Generates a square wave of the specified frequency to a pin for a duration in milliseconds. Pin must be one of the PWM (~) pins. */noTone(pin);// Turns off the tone on the pin.

LilyPad ProtoSnap Simple:

RedBoard:

ATmega328Microcontroller

TemperatureSensor(Pin A1)

Button(Pin A5)

Vibe Motor(Pin 3)

RGB LED(Pins R=9,G=11, B=10)

Switch(Pin 2)

LightSensor(Pin A6)

Buzzer/Speaker(Pin 7)

LEDs(Light Emitting Diodes)(Pins 5, 6, A2, A4, A3)

Power In

Power5V / 3.3 / GND

USB to ComputerReset

AnalogInputs

SCL/SDA(I2C Bus)

ATmega328Microcontroller

Digital I/OPWM(3,5,6,9,10,11)

Building Your Own Hardware

Patron Counters

$300

$280

Build One Yourself

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

• Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or PID) - $10

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

• Sensor (infrared, laser tripwire, ultrasonic, or PID) - $10

• TOTAL COST - $70

Temperature/Humidity Loggers

$240

$415

Build One Yourself

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10

• LCD Display screen - $15

Build One Yourself

• Arduino - $35

• Data Logger Shield - $20

• SD Card - $10

• Temperature/Humidity Sensor - $5-10

• LCD Display screen - $15

• TOTAL COST - $85

Other Possibilities

Other Possibilities

• RFID Reader

Other Possibilities

• RFID Reader

• Barcode Scanner

Other Possibilities

• RFID Reader

• Barcode Scanner

• Seat usage detector

Other Possibilities

• RFID Reader

• Barcode Scanner

• Seat usage detector

• What else?

Go Build Stuff!

Email: griffey@gmail.com

Site: jasongriffey.net

gVoice: 423-443-4770

Twitter: @griffey

http://librarybox.us

http://evenlydistributed.net

!Founder & Principal Consultant

Evenly Distributed LLChttp://pinboard.in/u:griffey/

Jason Griffey