introduction to chinese domain name zhang hong zhangh@cnnic.cn aug 24, 2003
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Agenda
IDN CDN Current Status
IDN
IDN ( Internationalized Domain Name )
Introduce international characters into DNS
Main technical specification IDNA Nameprep ( stringprep ) ACE (punycode)
IDN Architecture
CDN
CDN(Chinese Domain Name) Using Chinese Characters in DNS Characters in CDN: Letters ( A-
Z , a-z), Digital ( 0-9 ) , “-” , Chinese Characters(about 20,000)
Delimiter: “.” equals to “ 。” , For user input convenience
Related Organization
IETF: IDN WG JET (Joint Engineer Team)
CNNIC 、 JPNIC 、 TWNIC 、 KRNIC 、 HKNIC 、 MONIC,etc.. (CJK)
CDNC ( Chinese Domain Name Consortium ) CNNIC 、TWNIC 、 HKNIC 、 MONIC.
Regulation and Standard
Chinese Ministry of Information Industry
No. [2002] 555 No. [2002] 429 IETF
RFC3490 , RFC3491 , RFC3492, RFC3454
Character (or Code) Variants
Character (or Code) variants refer to variants that are generated by character-by-character (or code-by-code) substitution
Example, In English would be "A" or "a" In Chinese would be 飛 (U+98DB) or 飞
(U+98DE) and 機 (U+6A5F) or 机 (U+673A)Plane :飞机,飛機,飞機,飛机
ISO/IEC 10646 (Unicode) unifies the Han Ideograph, which is used by Chinese. Japanese and Korean, CJK have its variants and language issues
Nameprep did not handle these variants, therefore, there are multiple possible variants for one IDN (in CJK)
Character (or Code) Variants
Solutions
IDN-Admin-GuidelineIDN Registration and Administration
Guideline for CJK
Currently IETF Draft
CDN Architecture
Load Punycode Data
CDN user input
Convert Local encoding into Unicode
IDNA
Punycode encoding
CDN TC/SC redundancy Data
Application-CDN supported
DNS server Application server
e.g. Email server Web server
CDN TC/SC equivalence
How it Work?
registrationRRP/EPP
delegation
resolution
Registrar
Registry
DNS AdminisrtatorDNS
Server(s)
IDNARegistration&Administration Guideline
CDN Current Application
Input in Browser : http://中文.cn CNNIC CDN client
Some browsers support IETF Standard Mozilla ( Netscape )
Open Source Software GNU LibIDN
http://josefsson.org/libidn/ Others …
CNNIC CDN Client • WEB Browser
– CDN-> Punycode– Support Multiple IMEs– Win98, WinMe, Win2000, WinXP….– Internet Explorer 4.0.1 and Up
• Email– According to IETF RFC/Draft – Support username in Chinese characters– Convert user@CDN in To/CC email bar to Punycode, give
user new experience about mail address in Chinese characters
Organizational StructureOrganizational Structure
RegistryRegistry :: CNNICCNNICMaintain the central database of domain namesAdministration and policy maker
RegistrarsRegistrars :: 23+ Registrars within China23+ Registrars within ChinaProvide customers with registration services
Agents (Resellers)Agents (Resellers) :: over 2,000, authorized over 2,000, authorized by the 23+ registrarsby the 23+ registrars
Thanks!
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