introduction to teaching, william allan kritsonis, phd

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Introduction to TeachingIntroduction to TeachingIntroduction to TeachingIntroduction to Teaching

William Allan Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Allan Kritsonis, PhD

Please silence all phones and pagers.Please silence all phones and pagers.

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Field Experience

How did it go?

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Articles• Article – 10 points

• Format – 10 points

• Introduction – 20 points• Body – 30 points

• Conclusion – 20 points

• Grammar – 10 points

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Articles• “This report was very eye-opening.”

• “This surprised me because…”

• “I support this article and agree on…”• “Even though I feel the study was

unfair, I can still understand…”

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Philosophy: a study of theories ofknowledge, truth, existence, and good

Theory: a set of related principles that

are based on observation and are usedto explain additional observations

Philosophy of education: provides a

framework for thinking abouteducational issues, and it guides

professional practiceHow do I get one???

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Teachers acquire aphilosophical framework to

guide their practice by

becoming knowledgeable andreflective, which allows themto make professional decisions

that promote as much growthin their students as possible.

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Traditional Schools of

Philosophy• 4 cohesive philosophies on which

most educational decisions are based:– Idealism

– Realism

– Pragmatism– Existentialism

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Idealism

Plato, Greek Philosopher

• A traditional philosophy assertingthat, because the physical world isconstantly changing, ideas are theonly reliable form of reality

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Idealism and Teaching• Socratic method: questioning

• Believe that teaching and learning should

focus on ideas. Teachers provide guidanceby helping students become more preciseand logical thinkers

• Criticized for being cold because it

emphasizes the rational and logical overother dimensions of the human experience.

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RealismAristotle, Greek

Philosopher

• Holds that the features of the universeexist whether or not a human being isthere to perceive them

• There are important ideas and facts that

must be understood and they can only beunderstood by studying the material world

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Realism and Teaching• Curriculum emphasizes essentials likemath, science, reading, and writing

• Teachers emphasize observation,experimentation, and critical reasoning

• De-emphasize feelings and other personalfactors

• Criticized for failing to take the wholeperson into account in the learning process

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Pragmatism

John Dewey, AmericanPhilosopher• A traditional philosophy that rejects

the idea of absolute, unchangingtruth, instead asserting that truth iswhat works

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Pragmatism and Teaching• Experience and problem solving arekey ideas

• More hands-on, concrete experiencesthan lecture• Interdisciplinary problem solving

• Criticized for emphasizing studentinterests too strongly at the expenseof essential knowledge

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Existentialism

Sartre, French Philosopher• A traditional philosophy suggesting that

humanity isn’t part of an orderly universe;rather, individuals create their ownrealities in their own unique way

• View humanity as meaningless on a small,isolated planet in an uncertain universe

where nothing is determined

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Existentialism and Teaching

• Places primary emphasis on the individual.We teach a child, not math.

• Education is an individual’s search for

personal understanding, not something tobe tested on• Learner-centered and nondirective

approach

• Criticized for impossibility of totalfreedom in a society with rules

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Schools of Philosophy• Idealism: A traditional philosophy asserting that,because the physical world is constantly changing,

ideas are the only reliable form of reality• Realism: Holds that the features of the universe

exist whether or not a human being is there to

perceive them• Pragmatism: A traditional philosophy that rejectsthe idea of absolute, unchanging truth, insteadasserting that truth is what works

• Existentialism: A traditional philosophy suggesting

that humanity isn’t part of an orderly universe;rather, individuals create their own realities intheir own unique way

Which is closest to your beliefs as a student? Aparent? A teacher? Discuss in your groups.

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Philosophies of Education

• Perennialism

• Essentialism

• Progressivism

• Postmodernism

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Perennialism• An educational philosophy suggesting thatnature, including human nature, is constant

• Believe in rigorous intellectual curriculumfor all students

• The extent to which students find theirstudies relevant isn’t crucial

• Criticized for being elitist

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Essentialism• An educational philosophy suggesting thatthere is a critical core of information thatall people should possess.

• Back to the basic skills and academicsubjects. Students should be able tomaster these subjects

• Criticize interdisciplinary teaching

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Progressivism• An educational philosophy emphasizingcurricula that focus on real-world problemsolving and individual development

• Hands-on, learner-centered, teacher asfacilitator

• Also criticized for focusing too much on

the child’s personal interest

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Postmodernism• An educational philosophy that contendsthat many of the institutions in oursociety, including schools, are used bythose in power to control and marginalizethose who lack power

• Study events from the view of the

marginalized party’s perspective

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©2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Which most accurately describes your views of education, from theperspective of a real teacher? Comment on your paper.

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Let’s watch the DVD

segment referred to onpage 203.

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Read pages 204-207 andcreate your own Philosophy ofEducation Statement. Be sure

to use philosophy names.It should be typed, double

spaced with standard fonts andmargins. Length is up to you,but less than one page is not

recommended.Exit: There is nothing more to turn in, but youneed to stay until you have a handle on how tobegin your paper.