invertebrate classification & relationships 1 marine invertebrate zoology invertebrate...
Post on 24-Dec-2015
255 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships1
Marine Invertebrate Zoology
Invertebrate Classification and Relationships
The Meek Will Inherit the Earth
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships3
Why Study Invertebrates?
Many diseases that effect humans and the animals we depend on are caused by invertebrates
Invertebrates are the base of most food webs
Invertebrates are the base of many medical studies:
– Control of gene expression
– Aging, cell death, fertilization and chemoreception
– Transmission of nerve impulses, biochemical basis of learning and memory
– Genetic basis for the predisposition for major diseases (i.e. type II diabetes)
– Isolating unique chemicals for biomedical reasons
– Using invertebrates as indicators in monitoring aquatic systems for pollutants
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships5
Invertebrate Classification and Relationships
Classification by cell #, and body symmetry Classification by developmental pattern Classification by evolutionary relationship
– Methods used in deducing evolutionary relationships
Classification by habitat and lifestyle
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships6
Classification by Cell #, and Body Symmetry
Cell Number– Metazoans – Unicellular
Body Symmetry
Bilateral
Radial
Asymmetrical
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships7
Classification by Developmental Pattern
Multicellular animals have been divided into two groups based on the # of germ layers– Germ layer
Diploblastic– Ectoderm– Endoderm
Triploblastic – Mesoderm
Most metazoans are triploblastic
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships8
Classification by Developmental Pattern
Triploblastic animals can be classified even further
AcoelomatePseudocoelomate
Coelomate
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships9
Different Developmental Types
Triploblastic
Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelomates
Protostomes Deutrostomes
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships10
Advantages of the Coelom
The digestive system is independent of the body wall and locomotory activities
Room for the gut, gonads, and embryo’s to bulge
Fluid in coelom can distribute oxygen, nutrients and hormones through the body
Fluid filled coelom leads to more effective locomotory systems
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships11
Classification by Evolutionary Relationship
By far the most familiar is the frame work created 250 years ago by Linnaeus
Organisms grouped in a taxon show a high degree of similarity
Kingdom Family
Phylum Genus
Class Species
Order
Binomial nomenclature
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships12
Deducing Evolutionary Relationships
How do we compile evolutionary relationships?– PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
In what ways are evolutionary relationships depicted?– Cladograms
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships14
Classification by Habitat and Lifestyle
Terrestrial, marine, or aquatic Intertidal or subtidal Mobile, sessile, or sedentary, planktonic Herbivores, carnivores, suspension feeders, deposit
feeders, filter feeders Symbiotic associations
– Ectosymbionts – Endosymbionts– Mutualism, commensalism, parasitism
Invertebrate Classification & Relationships15
Classification
The 5 Kingdoms we use today.– Monera: single celled, prokaryote organisms
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
– Protista: single celled, contains nucleus and internal subdivisions
Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and protozoans
– Fungi: multicellular, no photosynthesis, nutrition by absorption
Mushrooms
– Plantae: multicellular, autotrophs– Animalia: multicellular, heterotrophs
Multiple Kingdom and Domain Classification
top related