iom displacement reports: three years of post-samarra ... · al-rifa'i makhmur al-suwaira...
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I . P O P U L A T I O N D I S P L A C E M E N T A N D R E T U R N I N I R A Q
Three years after a severe wave of sectarian violence began, returns are increasing and new displacement is rare. Iraqis look to rebuilding their lives facing an uncertain security future. On 22 February 2006, the bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra triggered escalating sectarian violence that drastically changed the cause and scale of displacement in Iraq, both to locations inside Iraq and to locations abroad. Since February 2006, more than 1,600,0001 Iraqis (270,000 families) have been displaced - approximately 5.5% of the total population. Of these 270,000 families, IOM monitoring teams have identified and assessed 209,402 (an estimated 1,256,412 individuals), or 80% of the total post-Samarra displacement population.2 These assessments, illustrated in this report, reveal the demographic composition and geographic journeys of the IDP populations remaining in displacement, as well as detail the overwhelming needs for basics such as adequate shelter, sufficient food, clean water, and access to employment. Even as security appears to improve and displacement slows, Iraqi IDPs face threats of eviction and live in precarious environments, with the possibility of violence still a present worry. IOM’s assessments of IDP families’ intentions reveal that many wish to return home and may do so if conditions permit, especially that of security. Others wish to begin new lives in their places of displacement or other locations. These families need assistance to implement these choices successfully. Of the assessed IDP population, there are about 130,000 families who have indicated
they would return to their original locations, while about 45,000 families would like to be integrated into their current locations of displacement. In addition, about 35,000 families would like to resettle in a third location. Currently 49,4323 returnee families (an estimated 296,592 individuals) have been identified across the country by IOM returnee field monitors. They too, face harsh living conditions, destroyed property and infrastructure, and loss of former livelihoods. IOM and other humanitarian organizations are working to assist IDP and returnee families, but the response remains inadequately funded in proportion to the many and diverse needs across Iraq.
1 As per figures from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) for the three northern governorates and the Iraqi Ministry of Displacment and Migration (MoDM) for the 15 central and southern governorates. See the IDP Working Group Internally Displaced Persons in Iraq Update (September 2008) for figures per governorate. 2 For information on IOM’s monitoring methodology, see “IOM Monitoring Needs Assessments Methodology” available at www.iom-iraq.net/library.html#IDP 3 The number of returnee families presented in this report is not the total number of returnees in Iraq, but the summary number of returnee families for locations (villages and neighborhoods) for which the returnee monitoring teams managed to collect data through particular sources as of the reporting date. These figures do not include displacement in Dahuk, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah.
I O M E M E R G E N C Y N E E D S A S S E S S M E N T S F E B R U A R Y 2 2 , 2 0 0 9 : T H R E E Y E A R S O F P O S T - S A M A R R A D I S P L A C E M E N T I N I R A Q
I N S I D E : Displacement/
Return Summary
Post February 2006 Profile with Numbers, Identities, Locations, Origins
Return potentials
Humanitarian Needs & Response
A family among 200 IDP families who received return transport assistance from IOM, returning from Qadissiya to Baghdad.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
2
DISPLACEMENT: New displacements have stopped, but the total number of families living in displacement remains high. The number of families being displaced every month was highest in 2006, when an average of 14,152 families was displaced every month. This extreme rate continued in the first half of 2007, when 8,033 families was displaced monthly. In 2008, 378 families were being displaced per month:
Number of Familes Displaced Per Month
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep-
06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Dec
-06
Jan-
07
Feb-
07
Mar
-07
Apr
-07
May
-07
Jun-
07
Jul-0
7
Aug
-07
Sep-
07
Oct
-07
Nov
-07
Dec
-07
Jan-
08
Feb-
08
Mar
-08
Apr
-08
May
-08
Jun-
08
Jul-0
8
Aug
-08
Sep-
08
Oct
-08
Nov
-08
Dec
-08
Month of Displacement
Fam
ilies
Cumulative Number of IDP Families
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
Mar
-06
Apr
-06
May
-06
Jun-
06
Jul-0
6
Aug
-06
Sep-
06
Oct
-06
Nov
-06
Dec
-06
Jan-
07
Feb-
07
Mar
-07
Apr
-07
May
-07
Jun-
07
Jul-0
7
Aug
-07
Sep-
07
Oct
-07
Nov
-07
Dec
-07
Jan-
08
Feb-
08
Mar
-08
Apr
-08
May
-08
Jun-
08
Jul-0
8
Aug
-08
Sep-
08
Oct
-08
Nov
-08
Dec
-08
Month of Displacement
Fam
ilies
Most of the post-Samarra displacement took place in 2006 (70%) and the first half of 2007, and new displacements are rare in Iraq today. Yet the number of IDPs in the country remains large (270,000 families), a serious concern for the future of Iraq.
Period
Average number of
displaced per month
Percent of total IDP population displaced in the
period 2006 14,152 70.3%
Jan-Jun 2007 8,033 23.0%Jul - Sep 2007 2,269 3.3%
Oct - Dec 2007 866 1.2%2008 378 2.2% Year of Displacement
200670%
200728%
20082%
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
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RETURN: As returns increase, returnees need assistance to reintegrate and rebuild. After the peak of displacement in 2006, IDP returns were first recorded in April 2007 in Mada’in, Abu Ghraib, and Taji districts of Baghdad. Throughout the second half of 2007 and all of 2008, returns increased significantly in Baghdad city, notably Karkh and Al Resafa districts. IOM monitoring teams have recorded a total of 31,521 returnee families in Baghdad governorate. In addition, late 2007 and all of 2008 saw significant returns in Anbar and Diyala governorates. Currently 49,432 returnee families (an estimated 296,592 individuals) have been identified across the country by IOM returnee field monitors, distributed according to the following chart. See also the detailed map in Annex 3.
Returnee Families per Governorate1,269
493
626
627
1,536
4,542
8,818
31,521
Other
Basrah
Missan
Kirkuk
Ninewa
Anbar
Diyala
Baghdad
The majority of returns (69%) occur from within the same governorate. A smaller but notable percentage (20%) have returned from other governorates, and only 11% of returnees have come back from outside the country. These families are mainly returns from Syria to Anbar and Baghdad. IOM returnee field monitors have conducted in-depth interviews with nearly 3000 returnee families, of which half returned in 2007 and half returned in 2008. When the IDPs were asked about reasons for return, 36% quoted improved security in the area, while another 36% noted a combination of difficult conditions in the place of displacement and improved security as chief motivations for return. According to IOM interviews, more than half of returnee families stated priority humanitarian concerns as food, fuel and other non-food items. Health care, legal help, access to clean water, and access to employment were listed as priority needs by more than 40% of interviewed families.
Returnee Needs (each as percent of total)0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Food
Fuel
NFI
Health
Legal help
Water
Access to work
Hygiene
Sanitation
Shelter
Education
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
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I I . P O S T F E B R U A R Y 2 0 0 6 I D P P O P U L A T I O N P R O F I L E
• The vast majority of post-Samarra IDP families are from Baghdad, Diyala, and
Ninewa governorates, which saw some of the worst post-Samarra sectarian violence. • Most of these families are displaced within their home governorates. • The majority of post-Samarra IDP families wish to return to their places of origin,
while IDPs in the south mainly intend to integrate into the place of displacement. • The post-Samarra IDP population shows some specific trends with regard to ethnic
and religious identity on the governorate level. IDP Locations in Iraq While IDPs have fled to every governorate in Iraq, the largest group of IDP families is currently in Baghdad, where 34% of all IDPs (90,731 families) are currently living. Diyala (22,784), Ninewa (19,100) and Dahuk (18,732) also host significant IDP family populations, according to Ministry of Displacement and Migration (MoDM) figures below4. See also the detailed map in Annex 2.
Governorate IDP Families % Anbar 9,179 3% Kirkuk 7,911 3% Salah Al Din 7,790 3% Thi-Qar 7,066 3% Missan 6,792 2% Basrah 5,989 2% Qadissia 3,858 1% Muthana 2,457 1% Anbar 9,179 3%
IDP Governorates of Origin According to IOM displacement monitoring, almost 90% of post-Samarra IDPs are from Baghdad(64%), Diyala (19%), and Ninewa( 6%):
Origin of IDPs
0.9%
1.7%
1.8%
2.6%
3.2%
6.0%
19.0% 64.3%
0.5%Other
Babylon
Basrah
Kirkuk
Anbar
Salah al-Din
Ninewa
Diyala
Baghdad
4 Chart shows distribution of 264,719 IDP families displaced since February 2006, according to MoDM and KRG/DDM registration.
Governorate IDP Families % Iraq 273,243 100% Baghdad 90,731 33% Diala 22,784 8% Ninewa 19,100 7% Duhok 18,706 7% Sulaymaniyah 14,585 5% Babylon 12,677 5% Wassit 12,306 5% Karbala 10,921 4% Erbil 10,304 4%
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
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Origin of IDPs According to Displacement Location According to IOM monitoring, 83% of all IDPs in Baghdad and Diyala have been displaced within their home governorates. This percentage is also significant in Ninewa (43%), Kirkuk (19%), and Anbar (12%). All other governorates are hosting IDPs originating from a different governorate:
Origin of IDPs by Current Location
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Anb
ar
Bab
ylon
Bag
hdad
Bas
rah
Dah
uk
Diy
ala
Erbi
l
Ker
bala
Mis
san
Mut
hann
a
Naj
af
Nin
ewa
Qad
issi
ya
Sala
h al
-Din
Sula
yman
iyah
Kirk
uk
Thi-Q
ar
Was
sit
From Same Governorate From Other Governorate
IDP Locations 2006 - 2009
Al-Rutba Najaf AmaraAfaqDiwaniya
Al-Salman
Ana
Hatra
Baiji
Heet
Kut
Al-Ka'im
Al-Ba'aj
Ramadi
Al-Zubair
Sinjar
Baladrooz
Mosul
Badra
Kifri
Telafar
Tikrit
Haditha
Falluja
Erbil
Akre
Kirkuk
Tooz
Balad
Khanaqin
Soran
Al-Daur
Daquq
Samarra
Nassriya
Kalar
Amedi
Al-Rifa'i
Makhmur
Al-Suwaira
Al-Hai
Fao
Hamza
KerbalaAli Al-Gharbi
Dokan
Chamchamal
Al-Hawiga
Zakho
Al-Maimouna
Sumel
Al-Qurna
Koisnjaq
Al-Mahawil
Al-Shatra
Al-Khidhir
Tilkaif
Halabja
Pshdar
Sharbazher
Shaqlawa
Mada'in
Sulaymaniya
Mergasur
Al-Chibayish
Al-Rumaitha
Dahuk
Basrah
Hashimiya
Rania
Al-Khalis
Al-Shirqat
Penjwin
Al-Hamdaniya
Al-Midaina
Ain Al-Tamur
Al-Kahla
Kufa
Mahmoudiya
Suq Al-Shoyokh
Al-Na'maniyaHilla
Choman
Shatt Al-Arab
Al-Muqdadiya
Qal'at Saleh
Shekhan
Karkh
Taji
Al-Hindiya
Al-Samawa
Abu Al-Khaseeb
TarmiaBa'quba
Al-Musayab
Al-Mejar Al-Kabi
Al-Shamiya
Al-Shikhan
Abu Ghraib
Al-Manathera
Darbandihkan
Al ResafaIstiqlal
A n b a rA n b a r
N i n e w aN i n e w a
N a j a fN a j a f
M u t h a n n aM u t h a n n a
E r b i lE r b i l
W a s s i tW a s s i t
B a s r a hB a s r a h
M i s s a nM i s s a n
T h i - Q a rT h i - Q a r
D i y a l aD i y a l a
S a l a h a l - D i nS a l a h a l - D i n
K i r k u kK i r k u kS u l a y m a n i y a hS u l a y m a n i y a h
D a h u kD a h u k
Q a d i s s i y aQ a d i s s i y a
B a b y l o nB a b y l o nK e r b a l aK e r b a l a
B a g h d a dB a g h d a d
LegendIDP Locations by # of Families
1 - 99.
99 - 499
499 - 999
999 - 2999
2999 - 5000
IDP Families per Governorate3000 - 4999
5000 - 9999
10000 - 14999
15000 - 19999
60000 - 90000
Governorate Boundary
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
6
Ethnicity and Religion According to Current Location According to IOM figures, 57% of IDPs are Arab Shia Muslims. 31% are Arab Sunni Muslim, 5% are Christian, 4% are Kurd Sunni Muslim, and 3% belong to other groups.
Ethnicity and Religion by Current Location of IDPs
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%A
nbar
Bab
ylon
Bag
hdad
Bas
rah
Dah
uk
Diy
ala
Erbi
l
Ker
bala
Mis
san
Mut
hann
a
Naj
af
Nin
ewa
Qad
issi
ya
Sala
h al
-Din
Sula
yman
iyah
Kirk
uk
Thi-Q
ar
Was
sit
Undefined
Christian
Kurd-Sunni Muslim
Kurd-Shia Muslim
Arab-Sunni Muslim
Arab-Shia Muslim
There are notable trends in the ethnic composition of IDPs on the governorate level. For example, all IDPs residing in Anbar are Sunni Muslims, yet 60% of those IDPs who fled from their homes in Anbar are Shia Muslims. Similarly, the majority of IDPs that fled their homes in Basrah are Sunni Muslims, yet IDPs currently residing in Basrah are Shia Muslims, predominantly from Baghdad. Aside from Basrah, other governorates in the center and south of Iraq, such as Kerbala, Missan, Muthanna, Najaf, Thi Qar, and Wassit, do not have any IDP families who originate from the same governorate. Rather, these governorates are recipients of thousands of families who fled from Baghdad and Diyala. All of these IDP families are Shia Muslims. IDPs in Ninewa mostly fall into two groups. Approximately half are from Baghdad, while the other half are from within the government, mainly along disputed border areas.
Ethnicity and Religion by Origin of IDPs
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Anb
ar
Bab
ylon
Bag
hdad
Bas
rah
Diy
ala
Nin
ewa
Sala
h al
-Din
Kirk
uk
Oth
er
Undefined
Christian
Kurd-Sunni Muslim
Kurd-Shia Muslim
Arab-Sunni Muslim
Arab-Shia Muslim
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
7
IDP Intentions, Potential Return and Local Integration 61% of all post-Samarra IDPs would like to return to their places of origin, while another 39% do not wish to do so. Of these, 22% would like to remain and integrate into the current place of displacement, and 17% would like to resettle in a third location. These intentions vary significantly by region within Iraq. As seen in the chart below, the southern governorates of Basrah (84%), Wassit (69%), Thi Qar (60%) and Qadissiya (46%) have disproportionately high numbers of IDPs who wish to stay and integrate, while very few wish to return. Intention to return to place of origin is very high in Baghdad (80%) and Diyala (83%), but it is important to understand that most of these IDPs originate from the same governorate and have moved from one settlement to another within the same governorate. In addition, high numbers of IDPs wish to return home in Najaf (95%) and Anbar (83%). Most of these families originate from Baghdad. Most IDPs in Kirkuk (77%) also wish to return. Most of these originate from other governorates, specifically Baghdad, Diyala, Salah al-Din, and Ninewa.
I I I . I D P A N D R E T U R N E E H U M A N I T A R I A N A S S E S S M E N T
Security and basic needs continue to be serious concerns for both IDP and returnee
families across Iraq. While security has improved significantly since the height of displacement in 2006,
some IDPs still feel unsafe to return to their homes. Access to food, shelter, and employment remain priority needs for vulnerable IDP
families across Iraq, and many cannot access the property they left behind. IDP registration has almost completely stopped, while returnee registration is
ongoing yet much lower than the current number of identified returnee families. More in-depth information and data are available at http://www.iom-iraq.net/idp.html. IOM’s recently released December 2008 Governorate Profiles contain detailed area-specific analysis and comparisons on displacement and return throughout Iraq.
IDP Intentions
Resettle17%
Integrate22%Return
61%
IDP Intentions
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Iraq
Anb
ar
Bab
ylon
Bag
hdad
Bas
rah
Dah
uk
Diy
ala
Erbi
l
Ker
bala
Mis
san
Mut
hann
a
Naj
af
Nin
ewa
Qad
issi
ya
Sala
h al
-Din
Sula
yman
iyah
Kirk
uk
Thi-Q
ar
Was
sit
Waiting on one orseveral factors tomake a decision
Return to their placeof origin
Resettle in a thirdlocation
Locally integrate inthe current location
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
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Security/Protection Since the initial eruption of severe sectarian violence in 2006, security appears to have significantly improved in Iraq, culminating in relatively uneventful January 31 provincial elections in 14 of 18 governorates. Indeed, many returnee families surveyed by IOM displacement monitors cited improved security as a reason for return. However, security still remains of paramount concern to IDPs and others across the country. In October of 2008 a relatively small and stable rate of displacement was broken when almost 2000 Christian families were displaced from Ninewa governorate due to sectarian-motivated threats and violence. Those who return are still sometimes targeted, and other IDP families do not feel safe enough to return at all. Evictions remain a protection concern throughout the country, as many IDP families squatting on government or private property are told to leave these shelters. This is occurring in particular in Baghdad, in accordance with Prime Minister Order 101, which permits evictions to facilitate returns. Some of the evicted families were already IDPs. While Order 101 offsets the cost of rent by providing a subsidy to returnee families, not all evicted IDP families have received this assistance. The Government of Iraq (GoI) has however delayed evictions, preferring that this be effected after the local elections at the end of January 2009. There are also policies being discussed to build houses for the squatters. IDP and Returnee Registration MoDM is currently registering returnee families who are eligible to receive the 1,000,000 Iraqi Dinar (IQD) ($870 USD) stipend in accordance with government order 262. As of January 2009, they had processed 12,969 returnee families, most of whom (9100) were registered through the MoDM returnee centers in Baghdad. 3096 were processed in the Diyala MoDM branch office, and 552 were in Anbar, while the remaining 221 were in other governorates. The MoDM returnee registration process has captured approximately 26% of the total number of identified returnee families. While some families do not meet all of the specifications necessary to receive the grants, the high number of applicants has also created a registration backlog. IDP registration has currently stopped in the majority of governorates across Iraq. This is due to both lack of new displacements and the current focus on return, integration, and reintegration for IDP families. Shelter IOM assessments reveal that shelter is consistently one of the highest-priority needs reported by IDPs, followed by employment and food. Although the majority (59%) of IDPs assessed by IOM are renting, their finances are dwindling as time passes and rent prices rise. A sizeable minority (18%) is living with host families or friends in crowded conditions, an added burden on households already struggling to provide for themselves. Another 22% live in collective settlements, public buildings, or other makeshift housing. IDPs
Living Arrangements of Assessed IDPs
59%18%
22%1% Rented housing
With host family or relatives
Collective settlements, publicbuildings, or makeshift shelters
Tent or former military camp
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
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living in settlements or public buildings often may be at risk of eviction by local authorities or private owners. Less than 1% lives in tent camps. IDPs view camps as an absolute last resort, due to cultural sensitivities and camps’ lack of basic services and harsh living conditions. Substandard shelter and a lack of basic services such as clean water, sanitation, and electricity are a major factor in the IDP humanitarian crisis. IDPs who are renting do not necessarily have access to these services. IDPs living in tents, public buildings, or makeshift shelters in collective settlements are particularly vulnerable and usually have additional urgent needs in other sectors such as food, health, water, and sanitation. The MoDM has included in the “National Policy of Return” an aspect of the returnees’ right to repossess their property without any encumbrances. Food/Public Distribution System (PDS) Much of the Iraqi population depends upon the government’s PDS food rations, and vulnerable IDP families are particularly in need of this monthly support. However, across the country 19% of post-Samarra IDPs still do not have any access to PDS rations, and another 44% have only periodic access. Lack of access is particularly high in the three northern governorates, as well as in Basrah and Kirkuk. These IDP families are mostly inter-governorate, having fled from a different governorate. Periodic access is higher in governorates such as Baghdad, Diyala, and Ninewa, where displacement is mostly within the same governorate.
Access to Food (PDS)
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Iraq
Anb
ar
Bab
ylon
Bag
hdad
Bas
rah
Dah
uk
Diy
ala
Erbi
l
Ker
bala
Mis
san
Mut
hann
a
Naj
af
Nin
ewa
Qad
issi
ya
Sala
h al
-Din
Sula
yman
iyah
Tam
eem
Thi-Q
ar
Was
sit
Yes Always
Sometimes
Never
Health Care Access to health care remains a serious concern for IDPs across Iraq because of their frequently precarious living situations without access to potable water, protection from the elements, or sewage disposal. While 86% of IDPs nationwide report access to health care, this does not ensure that the health care is good quality, nor that the health care facilities have the necessary qualified Access to Health
Yes86%
No14%
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
10
staff, medicine, and equipment. Health care services in Iraq have deteriorated greatly due to the exodus of qualified professionals, a severe shortage of medication and equipment, and damage to medical facilities. Access to Property
As assistance for restoring lives and livelihoods of IDPs and returnees in Iraq progresses, one of the major issues will continue to be resolution of property matters. Currently according to IOM displacement monitoring, only 16% of post-Samarra IDPs have access to the property they left behind. Another 43% do not have any access, primarily because the property is occupied or destroyed. 38% of surveyed IDPs have not been able to find out the status of their property, often for security reasons.
Priority Needs When asked about their most pressing needs, post-Samarra IDPs overwhelmingly name food (81%), shelter (82%), and access to work (85%). Health, water, legal help, and other needs are also chief concerns:
Needs of IDPs (each as percent of total)
23%19%
82%
6%17%2%16%
81%
5%
85%
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
Acc
ess t
oW
ork
Educ
atio
n
Food
Hea
lth
Hyg
iene
Lega
lH
elp
Sani
tatio
n
Shel
ter
Wat
er
Oth
er
I V . I O M H U M A N I T A R I A N R E S P O N S E
• From training of traditional birth attendants, to emergency distribution responses for displacement crises such as Sadr City, to Kurdish language training for Arabs displaced to the north, to distribution of wheelchairs, IOM continues to find creative, cross-sectoral solutions for assistance to displaced populations and vulnerable host communities in Iraq. (See also the detailed map in Annex 1.)
• Recently IOM has provided transport, emergency NFI kits, and in-kind grants for business generation to returnee families returning to Baghdad and Diyala.
• Since 2006 IOM has completed 315 assistance projects in 952 locations with direct costs of over 32 million USD, as detailed in the charts below.
Access to Property
16%
43%38%
1% 2%
Yes,Property
Accessible
No Do notknow
No Answer NotApplicable
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
11
Number of Projects
6
46
12
93
52
12
10
1
31
52
Community Based Activities
Displacement Monitoring
Education
Emergency Relief
Health
Joint Operational Cell (JOC -various under funded sectors)
Monitoring & Evaluation
Protection
Training & Capacity Building(including livelihood support)
Water & SanitationNumber of Projects
315
73 41151
50
Total 2006 2007 2008 2009
Direct Costs
$32,492,122
$5,973,671 $6,115,810$16,517,172
$3,885,470
Total 2006 2007 2008 2009
IOM has successfully assisted post-Samarra IDP, returnee, and host community families in every governorate of Iraq with 315 projects, divided among the following sectors:
Projects were distributed across the years as follows:
Direct costs for projects are as follows for each year:
In addition, the government of Iraq has adopted a policy on “Returning Displaced Persons” in Iraq. It has become clear that recent trends indicate the viability of an organized return program, where IOM and the international community can play a significant role. The scope and complexity of the Iraqi displacement issue is beyond the current capacity of the GoI and therefore calls for international involvement. V . C O N C L U S I O N
Sectarian violence and displacement resulting from the 22 February 2006 bombing of the Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra peaked in 2006, and new displacement is today no more than a trickle. Yet 270,000 families continue to live in displacement, making more than 5% of Iraq’s total population particularly vulnerable. 22% live in collective settlements, public buildings, or makeshift housing; 14% have no access to health care; 19% cannot access their PDS rations, and another 44% have only periodic access to PDS. Overall, 61% of all post-Samarra IDPs would like to return to their places of origin, while another 39% do not wish to do so, but rather want to integrate into the place of displacement or into a third location. In many cases IDP families do not have adequate means to act on these desires to move ahead with their lives, even when the security situation permits. Access to employment is consistently listed by IDP families as a top priority need. In addition, 43% of IDPs do not have access to the property they left behind. The vast majority of post-Samarra IDP families are from Baghdad, Diyala, and Ninewa governorates, which saw some of the worst post-Samarra sectarian violence. Most of these families (83%) are displaced within their home governorates, and most wish to return home. Indeed, these governorates are home to the majority of the 49,432 returnee families identified by IOM displacement monitors. These families require sustainable solutions along with continued security improvement in order to make their return permanent and successful.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
12
Caused chiefly by sectarian violence, conditions of displacement in Iraq are themselves also characterized by ethnic and religious patterns. For example, according to IOM assessments IDPs who fled to southern governorates are mostly Shia Arabs who left a different governorate, and they mostly wish to integrate into their places of displacement. They are less likely to have even occasional access to PDS rations, and they also require support for basic needs and livelihoods in order to begin anew. Despite limited funding and insecurity, IOM continues to assist the displaced, returning Iraqis, and host communities with emergency food, water and household item distributions, community assistance projects, and advocacy. Since 2006, IOM has successfully completed 315 projects in 952 locations with direct costs of over 32 million USD. However, overall assistance to these vulnerable communities remains inadequate. The interventions indicated above have also served to complement GoI efforts, local and otherwise, in search of sustainable, durable solutions. Spontaneous IDP returns continue, and in some cases, there is need for local integration at the initial sites of displacement or settlement elsewhere. However, until these solutions can be successfully implemented, displacement and the protection needs for the particularly vulnerable displaced will continue to be a chief concern for the future of Iraq. ______________________________________________________________________________ For further information on IDPs and returnees in Iraq, please contact Martin Ocaga, IOM Iraq Program Manager at mocaga@iom.int or Liana Paris, IDP Monitoring Program, at lparis@iom.int (+962 6 565 9660 extensions 1061 and 1033).
IOM Iraq - IDP Programme Projects 2006 - 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORINGAND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS
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Soran
Al-Daur
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Kalar
Amedi
Al-Rifa'i
Makhmur
Al-Suwaira
Al-Hai
Fao
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Al-Shatra
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Al-Chibayish
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Dahuk
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Hashimiya
Rania
Al-Khalis
Al-Shirqat
Penjwin
Al-Hamdaniya
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Shekhan
Taji
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Al-Hindiya
Al-Samawa
Abu Al-Khaseeb
Ba'quba
Al-Musayab
Al-Mejar Al-Kabi
Al-Shamiya
Al-Shikhan
Abu Ghraib
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Al Resafa
Istiqlal
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Legend
IDP Locations by # of Families
1 - 99.
99 - 499
499 - 999
999 - 2999
2999 - 5000
IDP Families per Governorate
3000 - 4999
5000 - 9999
10000 - 14999
15000 - 19999
60000 - 90000
Governorate Boundary
IOM PROJECT LOCATIONS AND SECTOR
±°̄ COMMUNITY BASED ACTIVITIES
ù DISPLACEMENT MONITORING
å EDUCATION
i EMERGENCY RELIEF
ÆP HEALTH
[_ Joint Operational Cell (JOC)
Æc TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING
TS WAT/SAN
Projects Number of project locations*
Governorate Number
of Projects
Direct Costs Total
Locations 2006 2007 2008 2009
Total 315 $32,492,122 952 205 210 347 190
Anbar 15 $1,249,627 53 21 14 15 3
Babylon 15 $1,119,187 56 5 30 16 5
Baghdad 39 $7,616,837 76 19 8 35 14
Basrah 21 $1,313,636 56 4 12 35 5
Dahuk 10 $571,319 36 2 15 19
Diyala 14 $1,594,326 55 27 10 16 2
Erbil 15 $2,511,693 87 5 2 17 63
Kerbala 19 $1,542,227 38 7 6 21 4
Missan 25 $2,191,277 104 39 23 32 10
Muthanna 3 $63,000 15 6 3 5 1
Najaf 20 $1,028,900 46 6 16 21 3
Ninewa 41 $3,262,356 107 16 20 38 33
Qadissiya 12 $838,880 59 15 25 16 3
Salah al-Din 8 $681,754 27 13 3 9 2
Sulaymaniyah 13 $1,954,584 29 2 16 11
Kirkuk 10 $1,412,121 19 4 7 5 3
Thi-Qar 16 $1,648,432 31 7 4 15 5
Wassit 19 $1,891,967 58 11 23 20 4 *project locations: Settlements where projects are implemented
Number of Projects
6
46
12
93
52
12
10
1
31
52
Community Based Activities
Displacement Monitoring
Education
Emergency Relief
Health
Joint Operational Cell (JOC -
various under funded sectors)
Monitoring & Evaluation
Protection
Training & Capacity Building
(including livelihood support)
Water & Sanitation
Number of Projects
315
73 41
15150
Total 2006 2007 2008 2009
Annex map 1
Iraq - IDP Families and Locations per Governorate February 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS
Al-Rutba
Najaf
Ana
Hatra
Baiji
Heet
Kut
Al-Ka'im
Al-Ba'aj
Amara
Ramadi
Sinjar
Baladrooz
Mosul
Badra
Kifri
Telafar
Tikrit
Haditha
Afaq
Falluja
Erbil
Akre
Kirkuk
Tooz
Balad
Khanaqin
Soran
Al-Daur
Daquq
Samarra
Kalar
Amedi
Makhmur
Al-Suwaira
Al-Hai
Kerbala Ali Al-Gharbi
Dokan
ChamchamalAl-Hawiga
Diwaniya
Zakho
Sumel
Koisnjaq
Al-Mahawil
Tilkaif
Pshdar
Shaqlawa
Mada'in
Dahuk
Hashimiya
Kufa
Al-SalmanAl-Zubair
Nassriya
Al-Rifa'i
Fao
HamzaAl-Maimouna
Al-Qurna
Al-Shatra
Al-Khidhir
Halabja
Sharbazher
Sulaymaniya
Mergasur
Al-Chibayish
Al-Rumaitha
Basrah
Rania
Al-Khalis
Al-Shirqat
Penjwin
Al-Hamdaniya
Al-Midaina
Ain Al-Tamur
Al-Kahla
Mahmoudiya
Suq Al-Shoyokh
Al-Na'maniyaHilla
Choman
Shatt Al-Arab
Al-Muqdadiya
Qal'at Saleh
Shekhan
Karkh
Taji
Al-Hindiya
Al-Samawa
Abu Al-Khaseeb
TarmiaBa'quba
Al-Musayab
Al-Mejar Al-Kabi
Al-Shamiya
Al-Shikhan
Abu Ghraib
Al-Manathera
Darbandihkan
Al ResafaIstiqlal
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N a j a fN a j a f
M u t h a n n aM u t h a n n aB a s r a hB a s r a h
M i s s a nM i s s a n
T h i - Q a rT h i - Q a r
N i n e w aN i n e w aE r b i lE r b i l
D i y a l aD i y a l a
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Q a d i s s i y aQ a d i s s i y a
B a b y l o nB a b y l o nK e r b a l aK e r b a l a
B a g h d a dB a g h d a d
LegendIDP Locations by # of Families
1 - 99.
99 - 499
499 - 999
999 - 2999
2999 - 5000
IDP Families per Governorate3000 - 4999
5000 - 9999
10000 - 14999
15000 - 19999
60000 - 90000
Governorate Boundary
Annex map 2
Iraq - Returnee Families and Locations per Governorate February 2009 IOM DISPLACEMENT MONITORING AND NEEDS ASSESSMENTS
Al-Rutba
Najaf
Al-Salman
Ana
Hatra
Baiji
Heet
Kut
Al-Ka'im
Al-Ba'aj
Amara
Ramadi
Al-Zubair
Sinjar
Baladrooz
Mosul
Badra
Kifri
Telafar
Tikrit
Haditha
Afaq
Falluja
Erbil
Akre
Kirkuk
Tooz
Balad
Khanaqin
Soran
Al-Daur
Daquq
Samarra
Nassriya
Kalar
Amedi
Al-Rifa'i
Makhmur
Al-Suwaira
Al-Hai
Fao
Hamza
Kerbala
Ali Al-Gharbi
Dokan
Al-Hawiga
Diwaniya
Al-Maimouna
Koisnjaq
Al-Mahawil
Al-Shatra
Tilkaif
Pshdar
Shaqlawa
Dahuk
Basrah
Chamchamal
Zakho
Sumel
Al-Qurna
Al-Khidhir
Halabja
Sharbazher
Mada'in
Sulaymaniya
Mergasur
Al-Chibayish
Al-Rumaitha
Hashimiya
Rania
Al-Khalis
Al-Shirqat
Penjwin
Al-Hamdaniya
Al-Midaina
Ain Al-Tamur
Al-Kahla
Kufa
Mahmoudiya
Suq Al-Shoyokh
Al-Na'maniyaHilla
Choman
Shatt Al-Arab
Al-Muqdadiya
Qal'at Saleh
Shekhan
Karkh
Taji
Al-Hindiya
Al-Samawa
Abu Al-Khaseeb
TarmiaBa'quba
Al-Musayab
Al-Mejar Al-Kabi
Al-Shamiya
Al-Shikhan
Abu Ghraib
Al-Manathera
Darbandihkan
Al ResafaIstiqlal
A n b a rA n b a r
N i n e w aN i n e w a
N a j a fN a j a f
M u t h a n n aM u t h a n n a
E r b i lE r b i l
D i y a l aD i y a l a
W a s s i tW a s s i t
B a s r a hB a s r a h
M i s s a nM i s s a n
S a l a h a l - D i nS a l a h a l - D i n
T h i - Q a rT h i - Q a r
K i r k u kK i r k u kS u l a y m a n i y a hS u l a y m a n i y a h
D a h u kD a h u k
Q a d i s s i y aQ a d i s s i y a
B a b y l o nB a b y l o nK e r b a l aK e r b a l a
B a g h d a dB a g h d a d
LegendReturnee locations by # of Families
1 - 99
100 - 199
200 - 499
500 - 999
1000 and more
Returnee Families per GovernorateNo data
< 500
500 - 700
1500
4500
8800
31500
Governorate Boundary
Annex map 3
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