iosh fire safety webinar presentation 2018

‘Fire Safety’passive protection and routes to compliance

Tony Bolder

Prism Fire Risk Management Ltdwww.prismsafety.co.uk

Legislation and Guidance

Legislation conflict case study

Fire Dynamics

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Use of Regulation 38

Routes to Compliance for buildings >18m

Rapidly changing sector

Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO)

Housing Act 2004/HHSRS

Building Regulations Approved Document B (Parts 1 & 2)

BS 9991 and BS 9999

BS 5839 1/6 BS 5266 BS 7671 BS 5306 BS 9990 BS 5499

Regulations: Management of HMO 2006 & 2007 / Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm 2015

Gov.UK FRA Guides/ Building Design 100

PAS 79 FRA PAS 7 FMS

Industry Guides: GGF/IFSA/LACORS/ CFOA/ASFP/WISH/Risc Auth

Associations: IFE/FIA/FPA/IFSM/IFPM/IFSO

Internet: FireSafe/SafeLincs etc

Legislation Conflict?

Houses in Multiple Occupancy (HMO)/blocks of flats

FSO: Common parts of residential buildings

Housing Act: internal flats /bedsits etc by virtue of HHSRS section 24 `Fire`

FSO enforced by FRS

HHSRS enforced by LA EHO (who also use HA 2004 Section 10 for consultation with FRS on Category 1 risks)

Therefore under FSO ….FRA only required for communal areas and external fabric…

Legislation Conflict?

Source: Building a Safer Future

FSO Part 2 Article 9

The Responsible Person must make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to which relevant persons are exposed

Legislation Conflict?

Case Study :

HMO East Ham London

Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005V

Housing Act 2004/HHSRS

Current FSO = 3.5 metres empty space with two doors

Legislation Conflict?

Who is responsible for the flat entrance doors?

Under Article 5.4 the leaseholder of the flat because:

However, responsible person for the `common areas` also has a duty to under Article 5.2:

Legislation Conflict?

Article 14 Emergency routes and exits, where 14 2 (b) :

Lets also add in:Management of HMO Regulations 2006 where:

Manager .....not responsible person

Legislation Conflict?

Manager, where regulation 2 (c )

But in relation to East Ham……

Ground floor flat leased by one companyFirst floor flat leased by a separate companyProperty owned by another companyNo known `manager`

Who has overall control and responsibility?

Legislation Conflict?

Building for a Safer Future (Hackitt Review)

Recommendation 3.7 (b)

“For other multi occ buildings LAs and FRS work more closely to ensure fire safety of whole building is assessed and regulated effectively”

Possible future change in FSO and HA?

Heat Transfer

Fire Dynamics

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

ADB/BS9991/9999 based on `Means of Escape`(MoE) principles

Requirement to compartment areas by `passive` fire safety measures (non-interaction)

Attempts to `box in` identified risks and create safe `protected areas and routes`

Key elements of structure and where required, fire doors

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Floors/ceilings/walls

Normally either 30 minutes or 60 minutes fire resistance

Floor to ceiling (above any suspended ceilings)

Intrusions to be `fire-stopped`

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Source: ASFP Document XX

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Service piping/cabling

Intumescent collars mastics dependant upon size/material/thickness

Competent installers?

Fireboarding/Interlocking

Competent Builders?

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Pink Fire Foam

Cited as `fire rated` to Class B1 for fire `reaction` not resistance

Polyurethane based so will shrink in elevated temperatures and may combust to give off toxic fumes

Use of intumescent fire mastics BS 476-20 & 22BS EN 1366-4 for linear gapsBS EN 1366-3 for penetration seals

or use of intumescent collars/boxes

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Protected routes

Class 0 or 1 finishes to internal coverings

All suspended ceilings within protected routes to class 0 or 1 tiles(BS EN 13501-1 s1 d0 A2 rating)

Cabling to BS 7671 amendment 3 must be suitably supported to avoid collapse and potential entanglement of persons

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Fire Doors

Third party accreditation/notional types

Door set/door assembly

Ironmongery

Passive seals and gaps

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Fire Doors

Third party accreditation to BS 476 -22 or EN 1634

BWF `Certifire` scheme

BM Trada Q Mark

`FD` (`E`) type doors of 30/60/90/120 mins

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Fire Doors

Certification to each structural element (leaf/frame)TT FD30 TM FD60(S)

Only `approved competent persons` allowed to make changes to certified doors/frames(replace vision panels/insert letterplates)

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Only certain allowances permitted to certified door leaves

Non-certified doors are termed `notional` fire doors

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Fire Doors

Door set Door assembly

FD 30 Timber density softwood/hardwood 450kgs/m³ 15% moisture content 44mm thickness leaf

FD 60 Timber density hardwood only 640kgs/m³ 15% moisture content 54mm thickness leaf

Frames can have solid or `planted` rebates of 25 to 30mm

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Fire Doors

Ironmongery

100mm hinges (min 800°c melting) Stainless steel/brass x 3 c/w intumescent packing BS1935 Grade 7 or above

Self closers of either pivot-arm or concealed types BS 1154 power rating 3 or above

`Perko` type internal chains not effective as self-closures

All ironmongery must not breach core material of door leaf

Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety

Fire Doors

Passive seals & gaps

Intumescent only strip (plastic/graphite types)

Combination cold smoke seals (brush or wipe)

Top and side rails 3mm

Bottom threshold 5-8mm (3mm if smoke seal)

When correctly fitted

Use of Regulation 38

Building Regulations 2010

Key is `responsible person` under the FSO

Use of Regulation 38

Article 3 FSO RP is:

Not necc `client` under CDM 2015

Potential loss of critical information?

Use of Regulation 38

Oct 2017 National Fire Chiefs Council identified:

Hackitt Review final report highlights:

Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m

LINEARBASED ROUTE

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

Defined by the materials being either listed,

or its ability to meet basic performance criteria

when subjected to simple small scale fire tests.

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

DESKTOP STUDY REPORT

FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

Uses large scale fire test data from BS 8414-1 &

BS 8414-2 demonstrating performance of complete

façade assembly in accordance with BR 135.

Requires empirical data, but not exacting system

test data, to determine application suitability in

accordance with BR 135.

Pre-defined minimum specifications for common

façade build-ups issued, assessed and approved by

warranty provider or house builder.

A sophisticated holistic approach based on

scientific principles from an integrated or a

‘Whole Building’ perspective.

Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m

LINEARBASED ROUTE

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

Defined by the materials being either listed,

or its ability to meet basic performance criteria

when subjected to simple small scale fire tests.

EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE

A sophisticated holistic approach based on

scientific principles from an integrated or a

‘Whole Building’ perspective.

Basic Performance criteria

Simple small scale fire tests

`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`

ADB diagram 40 for external surfaces or walls (inc. cladding systems)

Source: ADB V2

`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`

Class 0 is a building regulations classification, not BS

To achieve class 0 need to pass BS 476 parts 6 & 7

BS 476 parts 6 & 7 are `reaction to fire tests` against the face of a sample

Any aluminium composite material (ACM) will be against the outer aluminium face only, not include the centre insulating core (PE / FR PuR / mineral wool)

Therefore can only be a `surface spread of flame` classification

BCA Technical Guidance Note 18 June 2014

BCA Technical Guidance Note 18 June 2014

BS 476 Part 6 & 7

`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`

ADB Vol 2 (England & Wales) `limited combustibility` allowed on buildings > 18 m

Table A7 Appendix A Para 13 (a)

Is the surface the aluminium face only or does it include the core?

`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`

ADB Section 12.7

DCLG report 30th June 2018

`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`

Clear confusion over the classification of ACM material core as `any element of the cladding system` when applying the linear

based route across the sector against class `0` rating for surface spread of flame

Supporting view

Paul Fuller, Chair of Fire Sector Federation: Fire Ex 2018

Source: SHP Online July 2018

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

DESKTOP STUDY REPORT

FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE

Uses large scale fire test data from BS 8414-1 &

BS 8414-2 demonstrating performance of complete

façade assembly in accordance with BR 135.

Requires empirical data, but not exacting system

test data, to determine application suitability in

accordance with BR 135.

BRE 135 Principles and guidance application with performance characteristics

BS 8414Large scale fire tests of complete façade assembly

Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m

BR135

BR135

BR135

6 metre complete cladding system build with 1 Mega Watt fire crib

BS 8414 fire tests

LINEARBASED ROUTE

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

DESKTOP STUDY REPORT

FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE

SCIENTIFIC APPROACH

BS 8414 fire tests

Pre June 2017 little empirical data on testing results to match the statement of BR135 of rapidly changing designs

Government led BS 8414/BRE 135 tests June 2017

Rapidly changing sector

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY

ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH

Requires empirical data, but not exacting system

test data, to determine application suitability in

accordance with BR 135.

March 2018 ASSA Abloy launch white paper on fire doors

April 2018 MHCLG consultation paper on restricting use of assessments in lieu of test (ended May 2018)

May 2018 `Building a Safer Future` final report with 53 recommendations

June 2018 MHCLG consultation on banning use of combustible materials in the external walls of high rise residential buildings (ends August 2018)

July 2018 MHCLG consultation on draft ADB (ends October 2018)

Rapidly changing sector

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY

ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH

Requires empirical data, but not exacting system

test data, to determine application suitability in

accordance with BR 135.

Rapidly changing sector

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY

ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH

Requires empirical data, but not exacting system

test data, to determine application suitability in

accordance with BR 135.

Default to A1/A2 European ratings or BRE 135/BS8414

Rapidly changing sector

MATERIAL PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE

EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA

DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY

ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH

Requires empirical data, but not exacting system

test data, to determine application suitability in

accordance with BR 135.Table A7

Thank you

www.prismsafety.co.uk