irrigation energy options and considerations january 23, 2008 lyndon kelley msu extension/purdue...

Irrigation Energy options and considerations

January 23, 2008

Lyndon Kelley

MSU Extension/Purdue University Irrigation Management Educator

Power Options to Run Your Irrigation

System

Irrigation power cost vary on: - power source - power cost - system pressure

Average fuel cost for pumping NE. USA: 2006 Cost per acre inch of irrigation water

Energy source

Pressure

Electric Diesel / propane

Low <35 psi $1.76 $2.56 / 2.30

Med. 35 to 95 psi $2.48 $3.76 / 3.27

High >100psi $ 3.56 $ 4.87 / 3.90

Power Options

• All Electric System

- electric to power the pump

- electric to drive irrigation unit

- Do you have access to a 3-phase, 480V power line?

Combination Systems• Combination Systems• Engine Power & Electric

- engine to power the pump & electric drive irrigation unit

- electric power to be supplied by local utility

- phase converter needed on a single phase lines

All Engine Power System

Engine power to pump water

Commonly used with High psi

- Solid set irrigation units

- Soft hose & hand hose

irrigation units (water drive)

Engine powers 3 phase, belt driven generator or hydraulic pump to drive pivots.

Determining the Power Source Most Economical

for Your Farm

It depends on the power options available at your site

What are your Electrical Options

• Is electric available for your site or can it be brought in economically?

• Do you have 3 phase or single phase service?

• Can phase 1 system and a phase converter can be used to power pivot at your site?

• Area cost of electricy (3.5 to 13.4 cents/

Kw/hr)• Reliability of electrical service areas vs.

your skill at generating power.

What are your Engine Power Options

•Tractor and PTO driven equipment

•Engine power equipment

Diesel, gasoline, or propane

What Type of Power Sources are Required for Your Irrigation System

• Most pivots required electric to move the system. Exception: hydraulic drives.

• Most traveler systems use water pressure- piston, impeller or water wheel.

• Safety system may run from engine.

• Solid set & and hand move systems use just the water pressure.

A determination of power options available in your location needs to be

made during the planning stage of your irrigation system.

1. Water availability2. Power availability3. Potential acres to irrigate4. Actual acres coverage

Power Systems & Your Irrigation Equipment Investment

• You need to calculate equipment investment costs depending on power choices available.

• You need to calculate daily power operation costs (electronic vs. fuel costs). They can be site specific.

Installation Cost

• Assume no electric service currently at site-Determine the cost to bring in 3-phase service vs. an engine power system

• Assume electric service available, but only single phase.-Determine the cost to install phase conversion equipment to run irrigation unit and engine power to run pump vs. all engine power

• No electric service- Determine the cost to install on-farm electric generator vs. engine power system

• 3-Phase electric service- Determine the cost of equipment for all electric power irrigation equipment vs. all engine power equipment

Day to Day Power Operation Costs

Table 2. Comparative Costs of Various Energy Sources to Obtain Equal Work Output per Dollar SpentSource: AE-111 Comparable Costs of Various Energy Sources for Irrigation Pumping

Gasoline (gallon)

Diesel fuel (gallon)

Propane Gas (gallon)

Electricity (kilowatt-hour)

Cents .60 .78 .47 6.3 .70 .91 .55 7.3 .80 $1.04 .63 8.4 .90 1.18 .71 9.4 $1.00 1.31 .79 10.4 1.10 1.44 .87 11.4 1.20 1.57 .95 12.5 1.30 1.70 $1.03 13.5 1.40 1.83 1.11 14.6 1.50 1.97 1.19 15.6 1.60 2.10 1.26 16.7 1.70 2.23 1.34 17.7 1.80 2.36 1.42 18.7 1.90 2.49 1.50 19.8 2.00 2.62 1.58 20.8

If considering electric-what are the Electric Load Management Options your utility offers Electric Irrigation

System Operators

Commercial Energy RateOff peak electric rate cost/kWh On peak electric rate cost/kWhTime of day operation restrictions.Shut down concessionsAll considered actual rate can be from 2.3 cent to 13.4 cents ? Kilowatt hour.

Working with utilities

•Get to know the man who makes the rural electric decisions.•Get your name on the list.•Request a written proposal.•Make sure the local electric company understands you and your neighbors long term plan.•Look at all the options

1320’

Field #9

$12,500

$500 + $1250

Look at all the options

How automated do you need your system to be?

(Computer controlled systems)

• All electric systems easiest to control automatically.

• More difficult to automate and computerize engine power irrigation systems.

Summary

• Find the option that exist locally

• Investigate the upfront investment cost

• Estimate the annual energy cost

• Calculate the net present value of the upfront investment cost + annual energy cost over a reasonable (10 yr. ) recovery period