isaac prilleltensky community psychology foundations: justice, well-being, and spec isaac@miami.edu...
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Isaac Prilleltensky
Community Psychology Foundations:
Justice, Well-Being, and SPEC
www.specway.org isaac@miami.edu
Community Psychology Foundations:
Justice, Well-Being, and SPEC
www.specway.org isaac@miami.edu
Fact and Intuition
Intuition: justice must surely play a role in well-being
Fact: not many psychologists studying well-being share my intuition
JUSTICE AND WELL-BEING
Part I
Justice
“To each his or her due” (Miller, 1999) “Justice means giving people what they
deserve, giving each person his or her due” (Sandel, 2009)
Question: How do we ascertain what is due a person? Merit? Need? Equality?
Josh and John
Jill and Jane
The role of context
context should determine what criterion or criteria must be preferred in each case
In social conditions of inequality, we must accord preference to needs over merit and ability
Context of Relative Equality
Under conditions of relative equality, where the gap between classes is not very pronounced, it is possible to favor merit and effort over needs.
Context of Plenty of Opportunities In a context of plenty of
opportunities for everyone, it is possible that ability and effort will be the preferred choice.
Justice Out of Context
Societies aspiring to justice must seek equilibrium among all criteria
When context of inequality calls for need and equality, but culture favors effort, it’s because privileged groups benefit.
As a result, group interests that influence the choice of allocation pattern often disregard the context-specific situation.
Justice and Well-Being
Process of making
decisionsThe How of
Justice
Allocation of outcomes
The What of Justice
Justice and Well-Being
Justice and Well-Being
Justice and Well-Being
PARADIGMSPart II
From DRAIN to SPEC
From
DeficitsReactiveArroganceIndividual blame
To
StrengthsPreventionEmpowerment
Community Change
Strengths
Prevention
“No mass disorder, afflicting humankind, has ever been eliminated, or brought under control, by treating the affected individual”
Prevention saves money
For every $1 invested in prevention, we get up to $17 in return, but we invest only 3% of our budget on prevention.
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From Dennis Winters, Sept. 2007 http://www.partnershipforsuccess.org/uploads/200709_Wintersprez.pdf
04/19/23
22
From Cunha and Heckman, 2007
04/19/23
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From Cunha and Heckman, 2007
PREVENTION:Determinants of Health (by percent contribution)
http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/full/21/2/78
40
30
15
10
5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Determinants of Health
Environmental Exposures
Medical Care
Social Circumstances
Genetic Predispositions
Behavioral Patterns
McGinnis et. al., 2002
US Spending on Health
Source: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Statistics Group; U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, and U.S. Bureau of the Census.
National Health Spending (2005)
$1,661.40
$143.00
$126.80$56.60
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
$1,987.80
Per Capita Total
Government Public HealthActivities
Investment (Research andEquipment)
GovernmentAdministration and NetCost of Private HealthInsurance
Personal Health(Hospital/ClinicalServices, Nursing Home,Home Health Care,Medical Products)
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Better Beginnings, Better Futures: Goals
Prevention To reduce the incidence of serious, long-term
emotional and behavioral problems in children living in high risk
neighborhoods
Promotion To promote the optimal social, emotional, behavioral,
physical and educational development in children
Community Development To strengthen the ability of disadvantaged
communities to respond effectively to the social and economic needs of children and their families
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Better Beginnings, Better Futures: Outcomes
Significant positive impacts on teacher ratings of child behavior problems
Significant positive impacts on parent ratings of child behavior problems
Significant positive impacts on teachers and parent ratings of prosocial child behavior
At Grade 6, parents’ ratings of prosocial behavior and teacher ratings of self-control were significantly higher for Better Beginnings children and teacher ratings of hyperactivity-inattention were significantly lower
Empowerment
Empowerment can be a tool for social change and personal healing at the same time
Community Change
If Venice “is slowly being submerged, individual citizens cannot afford to ignore their collective fate, because, in the end, they all drown together if nothing is done.” (Badcock, 1982)
Quadrant IIIExamples:Crisis work, therapy, medications, symptom containment, case management
Quadrant IExamples:Community development, affordable housing policy, recreational opportunities, high quality schools and accessible health services
Quadrant IIExamples:Skill building, emotional literacy, fitness programs, personal improvement plans, resistance to peer pressure in drug and alcohol use
Quadrant IVExamples:Food banks, shelters for homeless people, charities, prison industrial complex
Collective
Proactive
Individual
Reactive
THIS IS WHERE WE ARE
THIS IS WHERE WE NEED TO BE
Quadrant IExamples:Voice and choice in celebrating and building competencies, recognition of personal and collective resilience
Quadrant IIExamples:Voice and choice in deficit reduction approaches, participation in decisions how to treat affective disorders or physical disorders
Strength
Empowerment
Deficit
Detachment
Quadrant IIIExamples:Labeling and diagnosis, “patienthood” and clienthood,” citizens in passive role
Quadrant IVExamples:Just say no! You can do it! Cheerleading approaches, Make nice approaches
THIS IS WHERE WE ARE
THIS IS WHERE WE NEED TO BE
PRACTICEPart III
STRENGTHS
FOR PERSONAL WELL BEING (your own and others) Celebrate talent, initiative, motivation, small wins Avoid deficit oriented labels
FOR ORGANIZATIONAL WELL BEING Build on assets, achievements, engagement, motivation Reduce stereotyping, gossiping, put downs, segregation
FOR COMMUNITY WELL BEING Identify community assets, natural leaders, build respect Do not engage in stereotypical thinking
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PREVENTION AND PROMOTION FOR PERSONAL WELL BEING (your own and
others) Prevent stress, minimize risk factors, take small steps Promote engagement, meaning making, social
support FOR ORGANIZATIONAL WELL BEING
Prevent burnout, fear, repetition, alienation Promote engagement, reflection, and support
FOR COMMUNITY WELL BEING Prevent drop out, child abuse, injustice, poverty Promote equality, universal health care, high quality
education
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EMPOWERMENT
FOR PERSONAL WELL BEING (your own and others) Sense of control over your life Voice and choice
FOR ORGANIZATIONAL WELL BEING Democratic participation Employee engagement and decision making
FOR COMMUNITY WELL BEING Name source of injustice, organize, lead Identify power inequalities, not blaming
community
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COMMUNITY CHANGE
FOR PERSONAL WELL BEING (your own and others) Volunteer, participate, vote Organize, analyze
FOR ORGANIZATIONAL WELL BEING Meaning making, Participation in social change
FOR COMMUNITY WELL BEING Discover ecological roots of problems Think and act systemically and sustainably
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Organizations with a Strength-based orientation
Perceive recipients of services and community members as having strengths
Recognize that service recipients learn to cope with difficult situations and develop resilience
Identify and build on individual and community assets, resilience, and ability to thrive in difficult situations
Organizations with a prevention orientation
Work to prevent problems before they occur
Identify and reduce risk factors and promote protective factors in individuals, families, and communities.
Take action to decrease the chances that a particular problem will affect a person, group, or an entire community
Organizations with an empowerment orientation
Believe community members should have voice and choice in issues and decisions that affect their lives
Aim to increase the power of individuals, groups, and entire communities
Encourage the sharing of decision-making power and control over resources with community members
Organizations with a community-change orientation
Believe that some of the problems that individuals and entire communities face result from community and living conditions
Remove barriers to services and supports Work to address the root causes of the
problems people and communities face Promote social policies that enhance
wellbeing and people’s ability to thrive Create new systems or structures that
enhance citizen participation and wellbeing
Amelioration vs. Transformation Amelioration
Population health Public education Prevent epidemics Provide basic
necessities Improve services
Transformation Support full
employment Eliminate poverty Universal health
insurance Universal family
support
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Amelioration Demand more
services Increased
participation in local politics
Funds for charity, research, and demonstration projects
Transformation Fight exploitation Sustainable
communities Promote culture of
equity Raise
consciousness about inequality
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Amelioration vs. Transformation
Applications in Counseling and Therapy
Applications in Policies
Values Policies
Self-determination Devise policies in consultation with community stakeholders
Health Facilitate access to health care services through universal and outreach programs
Personal growth Establish policies for teaching employment skills and for accessible recreational and educational opportunities
Social justice Implement equitable policies and taxation laws that provide adequate resources to the poor
Support for enabling community structures
Promote policies that strengthen high quality basic community services such as education, health and income security
Respect for diversity Promote inclusive work and social policies that do not discriminate on basis of marital status, gender, ability, sexual orientation, class, culture, or any other source of social power
Collaboration and democratic participation
Promote educational policies that teach importance of civic duties and skills required for meaningful participation in democracy
Application in Programs
Self determination: Promote voice and choice of community members in selection and administration of programs Caring and compassion: Establish networks of support and create self-help groups Educational and personal development: Build into programs competency enhancing components for personal, educational and occupational growth Social justice: Offer comprehensive supports that meet the needs for housing and economic security of disadvantaged families Support for the community: Create awareness and support for creation and preservation of effective formal and informal supports Respect for diversity: Consult with diverse groups of stakeholders and develop inclusive and culturally sensitive programs based on partnerships with the community
Skills for Agents of Change
I VALUE IT Inclusive host Visionary Asset seeker Listener and sense
maker Unique solution finder Evaluator Implementer Trendsetter
True or False49
The best way to eliminate disease is through effective treatment
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