islamic lecture 1
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7/25/2019 Islamic Lecture 1
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ELEMENTSIslamic architecture may be identified with the following designelements, which were inherited from the first mosque built byrhall (originally a feature of the Masjid al-Nabawi):
Minarets or towers
A four-iwan plan
Mihrab
Arches
Courtyards(sahn) Prayer area hall
Domes and cupolas
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Central fountains usedfor ablutions (once used as
a wudu area for Muslims). The use of Islamic
geometric patterns andfoliage based arabesques.
The use of
decorative Islamiccalligraphy insteadof pictures whichwere haram (forbidden) inmosque architecture. Note
that in seculararchitecture, human andanimal representation wasindeed present.
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MINARETS
Minarets or towers these were originally used as torch-lit
watchtowers, as seen in the Great Mosque of Damascus; hence thederivation of the word from the Arabic nur, meaning "light".
Different types of minarets are as follows:
1. Iraq
2. Morocco
3. Turkey
4. India
5. Egypt
6. Asia
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MIHRAB
Mihrab or prayer
niche on an inside wallindicating the directionto Mecca.
The drawings alongsidegives us an idea aboutthe plan, elevation andsections of a typicalMihrab in Islamic
Architecture.
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ARCHES
Arches are thestructure thatspans a space whilesupporting weight.
The mostimportant form ofopening was the
pointed arch whichwere principallytwo and fourcentered.
Diagram showing anexample of a two-
centred arch.Diagram showing a four-
centred arch
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COURTYARDS(SAHN)
Is a fundamental featureand can be seen as
different variations. According to their function
the courtyards werecloistered and arcaded andthe sides were punctuated
with gateways, prayerchambers or archedporches (iwans).
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Domes And Cupolas
D A d
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Domes AndCupolas
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