issi team workshop, bern, 19-23 january, 2015 eugene rozanov pmod/wrc, davos and iac eth, zurich,...

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Eugene Rozanov

PMOD/WRC, Davos and IAC ETH, Zurich, Switzerland e.rozanov@pmodwrc.ch

Simulation of the NOy production by auroral electrons and solar protons  and their effects on

ozone with the CCM SOCOL v3.0

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5New SPARC Chemistry-Climate Models inter comparison project (CCMI) started more than a year ago;

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First time ever EP are included in the forcing set of CCMI

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Solar variability. The solar radiative forcing data are provided at

http://sparcsolaris. gfz-potsdam.de/input_data. php. Daily,

spectrally-resolved solar irradiance data from the NRLSSI model

(Lean et al., 2005), which have been used in previous CCMVal and

CMIP5 experiments, are recommended.

In addition, the inclusion of atmospheric ionization by solar protons

(and related HOx and NOx production) are strongly encouraged by

using the GOES-based ionization rate data set and a methodology

to derive HOx and NOx production rates from Jackman et al.(2009).

Models capable of considering indirect particle effects by the

inclusion of an Ap-parameterized auroral source or upper boundary

condition are encouraged to do so.

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5AO CCM SOCOL/MPI-OM

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Recommended Ap index for CCMI runs

REF–C1,C2

REF–C2ST

2000

2008

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Applied SPE IR (annual mean: 50 km, polar cap)

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5Ion and neutral chemsitry:Treatment in the models

Below 90 km:

Complete ion chemsitry (50+ species) - SOCOLi Computationally expensive

Parameterizations of NOx and HOx production

• Porter et al., 1976; Solomon et al., 19810.7 N*, 0.55 N(4S) and 2 HOx per ion pair;widely applied below 90 km (WACCM, HAMMONIA, EMAC, SOCOL...)

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5NOx and HOx production

Widely used parameterization(0.7 N* + 0.55 N(4S) + up to 2 HOx per Ion Pair)

against

complete ion chemistryCCM SOCOL (Egorova et al., 2011)

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5Ion and neutral chemsitry:Treatment in the models

Below 90 km:

• Verronen and Lehman, 2013LUT, includes HNO3 production

• Nieder et al., 2014 (LUT)LUT

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Applied annual mean Ap index

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5Ion and neutral chemsitry:Treatment in the models

Above 90 km: 5-ion scheme – WACCM, HAMMONIA

NOx (ppbv) from MIPAS. HEPPA-2, Courtesy of B. Funke

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Baumgartner et al, 2009

Treatment of the auroral electrons in SOCOL

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5Time evolution of VMR CO 70oS-90oS

Simulated CO (ppbv)

MIPAS CO (ppmv), Funke et al., 2014a

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5Time evolution of VMR CH4 70oS-90oS

Simulated CH4 (ppbv)

MIPAS CH4 (ppmv), Funke et al., 2014a

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5Time evolution of VMR NOy 70oS-90oS

Simulated NOy (ppbv)

MIPAS NOy (ppmv), Funke et al., 2014a

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5Time evolution of VMR NOy 70oS-90oS

Simulated NOy (ppbv)

MIPAS NOy (ppmv), Funke et al., 2014a

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5Time evolution of VMR NOy 70oN-90oN

Simulated NOy (ppbv)

MIPAS NOy (ppmv), Funke et al., 2014a

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5Time evolution of VMR NOy 70oN-90oN

Simulated NOy (ppbv)

MIPAS NOy (ppmv), Funke et al., 2014a

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5How to extract EPP-NOy

1. By comparison with the reference model runsPro: clear approach.Contra: not compatible with observations. 2. Using correlations with other tracer (e.g., CH4, CO)Pro: comparable to observation.Contra: Not always clear what we are getting. 3. Multiple linear regression analysisPro: potentially comparable to observation.Contra: Not so easy to introduce time lag.

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5Time evolution of VMR NOy 70oS-90oS

Simulated NOy (ppbv) w/o EPP

Simulated NOy (ppbv) with EPP

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5NOy (ppbv) produced by EPP(70oS-90oS, 1960-2006 mean)

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5NOy produced by EPP relative to background

(70oS-90oS, 1960-2006 mean)

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5NOy produced by EPP relative to background

(70oS-90oS, 1960-2006 mean)

EPP contribution to NOy column 20-70 km (Funke et al., 2014a)

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5How to extract EPP-NOy

1. By comparison with the reference model runsPro: clear approach.Contra: not compatible with observations. 2. Using correlations with other tracer (e.g., CH4, CO)Pro: comparable to observation.Contra: Not always clear what we are getting. 3. Multiple linear regression analysisPro: potentially comparable to observation.Contra: Not so easy to introduce time lag.

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5EPP-NOx from NOx-CH4 correlations

From Randall et al., 2007)

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5EPP-NOx from NOx-CH4 correlations

From Randall et al., 2007)

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Conclusions

SPE and auroral electrons influence on the atmosphere were

simulated with CCM SOCOL in the framework of CCMI project

using SPR induced ionization and parameterized NOx influx;

The influence of EPP on NOy is visible in the model output

The response of NOy is in qualitative agreement with satellite

data

The influence of both SPE and auroral electrons is visible

The work on the evaluation of quantitative agreement between

model and satellite data is in progress