javad jamshidi fasa university of medical sciences, october 2015 eukaryotic cell organelles and...

Javad Jamshidi

Fasa University of Medical Sciences, October 2015

Eukaryotic Cell Organellesand Organization

A eukaryotic cells, membrane-enclosed compartments

Providing increased membrane area to host biochemical reactions

Form enclosed compartments that are separate from the cytosol

Vary in abundance from cell type to cell type.

Occupy nearly half the volume of a cell

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Constitutes a little more than half the total volume of the cell

The site of protein synthesis and degradation

Performs most of the cell’s intermediary metabolism

Transport metabolites from their site of production to where they are used

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Contains the DNA and is the site of transcription of the DNA into messenger RNA

Inner membrane that defines the nucleus itself, outer membrane that is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum

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The nuclear lamina, located on the nuclear side of the inner nuclear membrane, gives shape and stability to the nuclear envelope

Composed of intermediate filaments , also regulates important cellular events

Nuclear pore complexes (NPC) not only define the site of transport across the nuclear membranes but act as gatekeepers,

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Place for transcription of rRNAs and ribosome assembly

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The largest internal membrane system, about half the total area of membrane in a eukaryotic cell

The ER also produces most of the lipid for the rest of the cell and functions as a store for Ca2+ ions.

Sends many of its proteins and lipids to the Golgi apparatus

Smooth endoplasmic reticulumsynthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, no ribosome

Rough endoplasmic reticulumsynthesis of membrane proteins and proteins that will be secreted out of a cell

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Consists of organized stacks of disclike compartments called Golgi cisternae

Receives lipids and proteins from the ER and dispatches them to various destinations

Modify proteins with sulfate, carbohydrate, lipid, and somehow address them

Process of the secretory pathway,

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Generate most of the cell ATP

Aerobic respiration, produce 15 times more ATP 

can occupy as much as 25 percent of the volume of the cytoplasm

The number of mitochondria depends upon the metabolic requirements of that cell

contain it’s own genomes

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About 50 different degradative enzymes that can hydrolyze proteins, DNA, RNA, polysaccharides, and lipids

defunct intracellular organelles

Recycle materials

Low ph=5 , proton pomp , kind of protection

More than 30 different human genetic diseases, which are called lysosomal storage diseases

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A vesicular compartment involved in the sorting and transport to lysosomes of material taken up by endocytosis.

Provide an environment for material to be sorted before it reaches the degradative lysosome

Comprise three different compartments: early endosomes, late endosomes, and recycling endosomes

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Are small vesicular compartments that contain enzymes used in various oxidation reactions

Catalysis of proteins and lipids can make H2O2

They contain catalase

Are involved in the: Catabolism of very long chain fatty acids Branched chain fatty acidsD-amino acids, and polyamines, Biosynthesis of plasmalogens

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Primary site of biological protein synthesis

Read mRNA and attach amino acids

Contain 2 parts

Small ribosomal subunit which reads the RNAlarge subunit which joins amino acids

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Prokaryotic 70s

Eukaryotic 80s

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50s

30s16s RNA

23s + 5S RNAs31 Proteins

21 Proteins

60s

40s18s RNA

28s + 5.8s + 5s RNAs46 Proteins

33 Proteins