jeffersonian democracy (1800 – 1828)

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JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY(1800 – 1828)

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ELECTION OF 1800“Revolution of 1800”Adams v. Jefferson (again)

Major Issues:- Expansion of Military - Foreign Affairs- Alien & Sedition Acts

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ELECTION OF 1800DR PresidentDR CongressFederalist Supreme Court

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JEFFERSON’S PHILOSOPHYSmall govt.

Majority rule

Strict Conststructionism

Agrarian Democracy

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A “NATION OF FARMERS”Govt. support farming

Cities; factories corrupt people

End land speculation

Limit power of upper class

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EXAMPLE POLICIESWestward expansion

Free/cheap farm land

Small Army/Navy

Cut taxes and govt. spending

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LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803)French Revolution ends

Napoleon becomes Emperor

Spain cedes Louisiana toFrance

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FRENCH EMPIRE

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LOUISIANA PURCHASE (1803)Napoleonic Wars ($$)

Loses Haiti (last colony)

Sells Louisiana to US

US doubles in size

Americans begin to push west

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LEWIS & CLARK (1803-1805)

- Created land route to Pacific Ocean- “Discovered” 300 new species- Richness of West documented; fuels expansion

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QUICK WRITE - JEFFERSONIAN??QUICK WRITE - JEFFERSONIAN??

• Jefferson, and the Republicans, believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution

• More importantly, they believed in using only the enumerated powers of govt. (i.e. no use of the “Elastic” Clause).

• In your opinion, was the Louisiana Purchase an example of his Republican beliefs?

• Or did Jefferson act more like a Federalist, using a loose interpretation in this acquisition?

• Please explain your answer.

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MORE PROBLEMS W/ BRITAIN & FRANCE

• Napoleonic Wars (1802-1814)

• Problems w/ neutrality

• Hurts US trade

• Blockades

• Impressment

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BLOCKADE

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EMBARGO ACT (1807)

• Jefferson wants neutrality

• Stop abuses by Britain & France

• Embargo Act:Goal: Respect US neutrality

• Underestimates France & Britain

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US REACTIONS TO EMBARGO ACT

• Hurts US more than Europe

• Public Outrage!

• US Exports in 1806: $108 Million• US Exports in 1808: $22 Million

• Recession

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POLITICAL CARTOON c. 1808

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BARBARY PIRATES, ARRR!

- Mediterranean Sea- Capture ships; ransom- Demand “tribute”

- No Navy; need warships?- Barbary Wars (1802)- “to the shores of Tripoli”

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WAR OF 1812

• War w/ Britain• 3 years• “Mr. Madison’s War”• MA refuses to fight• “Star Spangled

Banner”• Unexpected Result:• Increases Local

Manufacturing

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MAJOR BATTLES

• Invasion of Canada

• Battle of Washington, DC

• Battle of Baltimore

• Battle of New Orleans

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USS CONSTITUTION ( c. 1812)

• “Old Ironsides”• Still in Boston Harbor today!!

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IMPACTS OF WAR

• Increase in factories (N.)• US borders remain same• Increased sectionalism (N. v. S.)• Andrew Jackson --> military hero

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HENRY CLAY'S AMERICAN SYSTEM

• Boost economy; industrial growth

1.) Protective Tarriffs

2.) Internal Improvements

3.) Creation of 2nd US Bank

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EFFECTS OF AMERICAN SYSTEM

• Road/Bridge construction• Transportation networks

for interstate trade• Expand Army/Navy• Increases in interstate

trade• US Bank stabilizes

currency; dollar becomes more valuable

• Promote nationalism

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ERIE CANAL (1817)

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CANALS c. 1850

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CUMBERLAND ROAD (1811)

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TRANSPORTATION NETWORKSc. 1840

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“ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS”

• Easy passage of DR laws

• Govt. gets along

• “Virginia Dynasty”• Jefferson• Madison• Monroe

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JACKSON TAKES FLORIDA (1819)

- Spain controls FL

- Border problems (Indian attacks)

- Monroe to Jackson: Stop border raids

- Jackson invades FL;Spain surrenders

- Annexes FL

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BORDER NEGOTIATIONS (1818 – 1820)

- Rush-Bagot Treaty (1818)

- Convention of 1818 (duh!)

- Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

- Annexation of Florida (1819)

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US BOUNDARIES c. 1820

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MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)

• MO: Slave or Free?

• Applies as slave-state

• Blocked by North

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MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820)

• LET'S MAKE A DEAL!!!!!

• Clay to make compromise

• Terms:

1.) MO is slave state

2.) ME is free state

3.) Slavery illegal NORTH of MO

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MONROE DOCTRINE (1820)MONROE DOCTRINE (1820)

• Monroe post-war President (1816-1824)

• No major accomplishments

• Goal: end European colonization in Americas

• Create national identity

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SECTIONALISM INCREASES....SECTIONALISM INCREASES....

• Missouri Compromise brings the issue of slavery to the front burner in US politics

• Country begins to divide: North & South; Free & Slave

• Meanwhile, Americans continue to push west• What to do about....• Oklahoma?• Arkansas?• Oregon?• Kansas?• Nebraska?