jetblue presentation
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JetBlue Airways IPO ValuationEbad AshfaqueSean LinCongyi Liu
Case Questions
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Case Questions
● What are the advantages and disadvantages of going public?
● What different approaches can be used to value JetBlue’s shares?
● At what price would you recommended that JetBlue offer its shares?
Agenda
● Background overview
● IPO process
● Valuation approaches
● Recommendation
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Background Overview
● In July 1999, David Neelman announced plan to launch a new airline that
would bring “humanity back to air travel.”
● Hired an impressive new management team○ David Barger, COO, former vice president of Continental Airlines
○ John Owen, CFO, former executive vice president and treasurer of Southwest Airlines
● Strategy--”Fixing everything that sucked”○ Point to point service
○ Lowest cost per available-seat-mile of any major US airlines in 2001--6.98¢
○ Safe, reliable, low-fare airline that was focused on customer service
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Background Overview
● Positioned in New York with 21 million potential customers in the metropolitan area.
● In early 2002, operated 24 aircraft flying 108 flights per day to 17 destinations.
● Concerns○ 87 new-airlines failures over the previous 20 years○ 9.11, US airlines industry lost $7.7 billion in 2001
● Competitors○ Southwest○ Frontier○ WestJet
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IPO Process
6In days
Underwriter selection meeting
“Quiet period” begins
108
015
45
Due diligence
Registration (announcement) date
75SEC
revi
ew p
erio
d99
100
50
60
Red herring
Road show
Letter of comment received from SEC; file amendments
Effective date
Public offering date
Settlement date
● The IPO process takes approximately 3-4 months
● Hiring a bank or an underwriter to guide the company through the process
● Submit the documents to SEC● Handing out the ‘Red Herring’ to
prospective investors● Going out on Road Show to seek
interest in the IPO● Finalizing the IPO● Distributing the IPO Shares
Pros:
● Financial benefit in the form of raising capital● Capital can be used to fund R&D, capital expenditure or even to pay off
existing debt.● Increased public awareness of the company
Cons:
● More disclosures to the investors● High cost incurred in complying with regulatory requirements● Focus on short term results rather than long term growth due to added
pressure
IPO Advantages and Disadvantages
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Relationship between Offering Price and Opening Price of an IPO
● IPO investors purchase the shares from the company at the offering price.
● The price at which the stock opens for trading is called the opening price.
● Depending on the interest from investors, the opening price can be higher
or lower than the offering price.
● If the opening price is higher, the IPO investors have an immediate gain; if
it is lower, they have an immediate loss.
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● Initial price range for JetBlue after first roadshow: $22 - 24
● Management filed an increase in the IPO price: $25 - 26
● Pros for higher IPO price: If the opening price is higher than the offering price,
the company is able to generate higher capital from the IPO.
● Pros for lower IPO price: In some cases, when the opening price is too high,
the demand can be unsustainable and can lead to loss later on.
IPO Price: high or low?
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● Comparable companies’ multiples○ Overall airlines’ multiples and low-fare airlines’ multiples
○ Total capital multiple, EBITDA multiple and EBIT multiple
● Discounted cash flow○ Key assumptions
○ Scenario analysis
Valuation Approaches
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Valuation Approaches - Comp multiple
(000’$) Total Capital Multiple
EBITDAMultiple
EBITMultiple
Overall airline multiples 1.2 6.85 3.92**
Low-fare airline multiples* 2.9 8.1 12.7
Total Business Value - Overall 808,527 762,261 1,042,474
Total Business Value - LF 1,953,941 901,359 711,796
* Low-fare airline compas include AirTran, ATA, Frontier, Midwest, Northwest, Ryanair, Southwest and WestJet.
** EBIT Multiple we use average number instead of median number due to negative value in median number.
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Valuation Approaches - Comp multiple
(million $) Overall airline multiples
Low-fare airline multiples*
Average Business Value 871.09 1,189.00
Less: debt 495.50 495.50
Equity value 375.59 693.53
Equity value / share* 10.70 19.76
* Total outstanding shares: in the last paragraph of the case, using 35.1million outstanding shares.
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Valuation Approaches - DCF
● WACC
○ Cost of equity: CAPM
Beta, Rf and risk premium
○ Cost of debt: issuance cost
○ D/E ratio
● Terminal growth rate
● Business growth assumption
● Expenditure growth assumption
● Net Working Capital assumption
D/E: 1.3193
Beta: 1.5
Rf and premium: both 5.00%
Outstanding debt: 495 million
Market value of BV: 871 million
Terminal growth rate: 4.5%
WACC: 8.42%
Scenario analysis for:
- Revenue growth and capex
Revenue/NWC maintain at 9.4x
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Valuation Approaches - DCF
● Price / share via DCF method: $26.00
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Valuation Approaches - Sensitivity analysis
Revenue Growth Scenario
Cap
ex G
row
th
● Under different scenario, the average stock price we have in
conclusion is $26.07 per share via DCF method.
As a result, our valuation will be at $18.82 per share.
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Valuation - Equity Value Per Share
● Although after the second market sounding, $25~26 IPO price per share
for JetBlue is still facing demand or supply, it doesn’t mean the IPO price
should be necessarily higher.
● If the stock price traded below IPO price after a few hours of trading, it
means the investors do not have faith in your company, suggesting that is
nearly impossible for the company to raise additional capital through
follow-on equity offerings.
● As a result, our team would recommend an IPO price at $22, which will not
be too low to raise capital for operations, and not too high to hinder future
capital raising and market liquidity. 17
Valuation - Summary
THANK YOU
Questions?
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Sources and references
https://www.loyal3.com/new-to-investing/ipos/ipo-process
http://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/06/ipoadvantagedisadvantage.asp
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Appendix 1Business forecast by JetBlue
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Appendix 2Free Cash Flow estimates
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Appendix 3
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