john e. dobbs, p.e., s.e. - seau.org - discover high performance... · pci mountain states region...

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Discover High Performance Precast

John E. Dobbs, P.E., S.E.

PCI Mountain States Region

EnCon United/Stresscon/Encon Colorado

Forterra Structural Precast

Harper Precast

Missoula Concrete Construction

Olympus Precast

Plum Creek Structures

Rocky Mountain Prestress

Rocla Concrete Tie

Teton Prestress Concrete

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AIA/CES Quality Statement This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to constitute approval, sponsorship or endorsement by the AIA of any method, product, service, enterprise or organization. The statements expressed by speakers, panelists, and other participants reflect their own views and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of The American Institute of Architects or of AIA components, or those of their respective officers, directors, members, employees, or other organizations, groups or individuals associated with them. Questions related to specific products, publications, and services may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

PCI has met the standards and requirements of the Registered Continuing Education Program (RCEP) of the National Council of Examiners for Engineers & Surveyors (NCEES). Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to RCEP. A certificate of completion will be issued to each participant. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by NCEES or RCEP.

NCEES Registered Program

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Learning Objectives

1.  Define high performance structures

2.  Discuss the advantages and long-term benefits of high performance design

3.  Describe how precast concrete contributes to design versatility, energy efficiency, and long-term building performance

4.  Explain the concept of resiliency and how high performance design incorporates it to provide multi-hazard protection.

What is Concrete?

Concrete - A composite material that consists essentially of a binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate. (ASTM)

Concrete constituents:

•  Cement

•  Water

•  Aggregates

•  Admixtures

•  Air

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What is Precast Concrete?

Precast Concrete - concrete cast elsewhere than its final position (ACI)

What is Prestressed Concrete?

Prestressed Concrete – concrete with its primary reinforcement consisting of steel strand that has been put into tension which results in compression of the concrete

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Prestressed Concrete:

•  Increases load carrying capacity •  Allows for greater spans •  Reduces cracks •  Smaller sections

Precast Elements

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Precast Elements

Precast concrete is architectural

and structural

Precast Elements

A. Load-bearing architectural spandrel B. Exterior column C. Double-tee or Hollowcore plank D. Interior column E. Inverted tee beam or composite beam F. Shear wall G. Stairs

A

A

B F

C

C

E

D

G

B F

C

C

E

D

Double-tee System

Hollowcore Plank System

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STRUCTURALPRODUCTS:TOTALPRECASTOFFICES

Precast Concrete Walls – Three Basic Types

Insulated Sandwich Solid Wall Panel Thin-shell

•  Non-load bearing and load bearing •  Available in essentially any shape and finish

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Shapes •  Window walls •  Spandrels •  Column covers, mullions

Wall Types - Solid

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Wall Types - Solid

Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels

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Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels

STRUCTURALPRODUCTS:INSULATEDWALLS

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Wall Types – Thin-shell

Wall Types – GFRC (Thin-shell)

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GFRC:MUNICIPALOFFICES

GFRC:BANK/FINANCIALOFFICES

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TEMPLECONSTRUCTION

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Structural Precast

Structural Systems

Exterior and Interior shear walls

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Structural Systems

Frames

Project Applications

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Buildings

Buildings

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Parking Structures

Transportation

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TRANSPORTATION:PRESTRESSEDGIRDERS

High Performance

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What is a High Performance Structure?

“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:

•  energy and water conservation,

•  environment, •  safety, •  security, •  durability, •  accessibility, •  cost-benefit,

•  productivity, •  sustainability, •  functionality, •  and operational

considerations

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140

What is a High Performance Structure?

“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:

•  energy and water conservation,

•  environment, •  safety, •  security, •  durability, •  accessibility, •  cost-benefit,

•  productivity, •  sustainability, •  functionality, •  and operational

considerations

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140

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What is a High Performance Structure?

“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:

•  energy and water conservation,

•  environment, •  safety, •  security, •  durability, •  accessibility, •  cost-benefit,

•  productivity, •  sustainability, •  functionality, •  and operational

considerations

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140

What is a High Performance Structure?

“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:

•  energy and water conservation,

•  environment, •  safety, •  security, •  durability, •  accessibility, •  cost-benefit,

•  productivity, •  sustainability, •  functionality, •  and operational

considerations

Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140

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High Performance Precast

Precast concrete is a high performance material that

integrates easily with other systems and inherently

provides the versatility, efficiency, and resiliency needed

to meet the multi-hazard requirements and long-term

demands of high performance structures.

Attributes and Benefits VERSATILE EFFICIENT RESILIENT

Aesthetic Versatility Site Efficiency Structure Durability

Virtually any color, form, and texture Minimal site disturbance Long service life

Facade integration Negligible waste Barrier wall system

Historic compatibility Accelerated construction Functional resilience

Structural Versatility Energy and Operational Efficiency Multi-Hazard Protection

Load-bearing envelopes Scalable performance Storm resistance

Economical sections Thermally efficient Earthquake resistance

Long open spans Low life-cycle costs Blast resistance

Use Versatility Risk Reduction Life Safety and Health Recyclable Design assist Indoor environmental quality

Deconstructive reuse Reduced detailing and trades Passive fire resistance

Adaptive reuse Enhanced profitability Meets FEMA 361

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High Performance:

Versatile •  Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture)

Aesthetics – Blend in

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Aesthetics – Stand out

Aesthetics – Concrete Colors

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Aesthetics - Concrete

As Cast

Exposed Aggregate

Acid Etch

Abrasive Blast

Aesthetics - Forms

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Aesthetics - Formliners

Aesthetics – Veneers, Thin-Brick

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Aesthetics – Veneers Limestone Granite

Aesthetics – Veneers

Marble

Tile

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Combination Finishes

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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TRUCTURALPRODUCTS:PARKINGSTRUCTURES

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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STRUCTURALPRODUCTS:MULTI-FAMILY

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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ARCHITECTURALPRECAST:OFFICEBUILDINGS

The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast

High Performance:

Versatile •  Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture) •  Design versatility (structural applications, load points,

open spans, etc.)

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The Structural Versatility of Precast

The Structural Versatility of Precast

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The Structural Versatility of Precast

High Performance:

Versatile •  Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture) •  Design versatility (structural applications, load points,

open spans, etc.) •  Adaptable use and reuse

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Use Versatility - Recycled/Reuse

Use Versatility – Project Adaptability

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High Performance:

Efficient •  Site Efficiency

Site Efficiency

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High Performance: Efficient •  Site Efficiency •  Energy and Operational Efficiency

Enclosure Systems

Thermally efficient enclosures provide: •  Protection against moisture

Barrier Wall(Face-sealed)

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Enclosure Systems

Thermally efficient enclosures provide: •  Protection against moisture •  Continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers

Material Average leakage, cfm/ft2 of surface at 0.3 in. H2O

Solid precast concrete wall

No measurable leakage

Extruded polystyrene insulation

No measurable leakage

½” fibreboard sheathing

0.31

Uncoated brick wall 0.31

Uncoated concrete block

0.41

1” expanded polystyrene

0.93

Material Average leakage, cfm/ft2 of surface at 0.3 in. H2O

Solid precast concrete wall

No measurable leakage

Extruded polystyrene insulation

No measurable leakage

½” fibreboard sheathing

0.31

Uncoated brick wall 0.31

Uncoated concrete block

0.41

1” expanded polystyrene

0.93

Enclosure Systems

Thermally efficient enclosures provide: •  Protection against moisture •  Continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers

High performance precast concrete inherently provides all three: continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers in one

efficient system.

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Reduce Thermal Bridges

Thermal Mass •  Absorbs outside and inside heat and

slowly releases •  Thermal mass effect delays the

onset of peak heating or cooling loads

•  Thermal mass effect may reduce peak demand/energy consumption and enable downsized HVAC systems

•  Reduces indoor temperature fluctuation to improve occupant comfort

•  Thermal mass effect varies by climate

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Reduce Other Materials

High Performance:

Efficient •  Site Efficiency •  Energy and Operational Efficiency

•  Thermally efficient •  Reduce life-cycle costs

•  Does not require painting •  Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet •  Fewer joints •  UV and pest resistant

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High Performance:

Efficient •  Site Efficiency •  Energy and Operational Efficiency

•  Thermally efficient •  Reduce life-cycle costs

•  Does not require painting •  Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet •  Fewer joints •  UV and pest resistant

•  Risk Reduction •  Reduce trades, detailing, joints

High Performance:

Efficient •  Site Efficiency •  Energy and Operational Efficiency

•  Thermally efficient •  Reduce life-cycle costs

•  Does not require painting •  Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet •  Fewer joints •  UV and pest resistant

•  Risk Reduction •  Reduce trades, detailing, joints •  Design assist

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High Performance:

Resilient •  Structure durability

Completed in 1953

High Performance:

Resilient •  Structure durability •  Multi-hazard protection/functional resilience Functional Resilience – expresses a structure's durability, competence to maintain its integrity, and ability to have its function restored following environmental change and natural or human-caused disaster.

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Impact Testing

Seismic Testing

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Blast Testing

High Performance:

Resilient •  Structure durability •  Multi-hazard protection •  Life safety and health

•  No VOCs •  No Mold •  Fast enclosure •  Sound insulation •  Multi-hazard protection •  Passive fire protection

Drywall

Precast

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Environmental Impact

Environmental Impact

•  What is the environmental impact from using high performance precast concrete relative to other systems?

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Environmental Impact - LCA

PCI conducted a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) •  Cradle-to-grave •  ISO 14040 & 14044 •  Third-party verified Baseline building

• Five story, commercial office • 130-person occupancy •  IBC (2006), & ASHRAE 90.1 (2007) • 73-year service life • Window-to-wall-ratio: 0.40 • Climate Zones: Miami, Memphis, Denver, Phoenix

LCA – Systems Matrix

Three structural systems •  Steel •  Cast in Place •  Precast concrete Five enclosure systems •  Curtain wall •  Brick and steel stud •  Precast concrete •  Insulated precast concrete •  Insulated precast concrete with thin-brick

S- CW S- Br S - PC S - IPC S - IPCTB

C-CW C-Br C-PC C-IPC C-IPCITB

PC-CW PC-Br PC-PC PC-IPC PC-IPCTB

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Environmental Impact - LCA

Findings: •  Use stage (Operating energy) has the greatest

environmental impact for any structure/enclosure combination (about 96%)

•  The COV among structure/enclosure combination for a given climate zone was 2% or less

•  Precast concrete systems do NOT impose additional environmental burden relative to the systems studied

Certification

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PCI Certification

•  Quality Assurance - An integrated and ongoing system of knowledge, programs, activities, people, inspections, tests, documentation, and assessment with the sole purpose of making sure that the intended design requirements are met.

•  Quality Control - is the operational activities used to fulfill requirements of quality (e.g. testing, documentation)

•  Certification - is a program to check the QA program. §  Certification helps ensure that essential components

of a QA system are: §  Present §  Functioning properly

PCI Certification

Certification assures owners, specifiers, and designers that products and systems are: •  Manufactured by companies that subscribe to nationally

accepted standards •  Have comprehensive internal quality systems in place •  Are audited to ensure compliance

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Benefits of PCI Certification

•  Complete Program

•  Pre-Qualified Bidders

•  Total Lower Cost

•  Checked to Specifications

•  Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities

PCI Plant Certification

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Benefits of PCI Certification

•  Complete Program

•  Pre-Qualified Bidders

•  Total Lower Cost

•  Checked to Specifications

•  Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities

•  Proven and widely accepted

PCI Certification Specified In:

•  AIA Masterspec •  General Services

Administrations •  Federal Bureau of

Prisons •  USACE, NFVAC, etc. •  Over 32 DOTs •  FHWA endorsed

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Benefits of PCI Certification

•  Complete Program

•  Pre-Qualified Bidders

•  Total Lower Cost

•  Checked to Specifications

•  Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities

•  Proven and widely accepted

•  As-designed, becomes as-built •  Integrated with and an ongoing part of the Precast

Concrete Structures industry’s Body of Knowledge

Summary

High Performance Structures •  Integrate and optimize ALL relevant attributes •  Focus on long-term performance & reducing life cycle costs •  Are built sustainably and also resiliently

High Performance Materials •  Must be versatile, efficient and resilient •  Provide long-term performance

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Summary

Precast concrete is versatile •  Offers a virtually endless array of colors, finishes and textures =

easy to achieve your aesthetic goals efficiently •  Finishes can be combined = reduces time, costs and risk •  Can be used as the structural and enclosure system

simultaneously = saves time, materials and costs •  Can be recycled & reused = is sustainable •  Facilitates easier adaptation of a structures use = improves

service life

Summary

Precast concrete is efficient •  Accelerates construction = allows quicker enclosure and project

completion = quicker use •  Allows for a smaller site footprint = minimizes negative effects to

a project site and the environment •  Combines continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers into one

efficient system = optimizes the enclosure, reducing maintenance •  Improves thermal efficiency by as much as 30% = reduces

operational costs and energy use •  Reduces overall life cycle costs = saves money •  Requires less trades, coordination, and detailing = reduces risks,

costs •  Provides a high degree of quality = as-designed becomes as-built

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Summary

Precast concrete is resilient •  Is extremely durable = can provide a 100 year service life •  Can provide multi-hazard protection (e.g. storms, earthquakes,

terrorists attacks, etc.) = protects occupants, reduces costs of rebuilding

•  Provides inherent passive fire protection = protects occupants, reduces costs of rebuilding

•  Improves occupant comfort and safety = protects occupants and improves productivity

•  no VOCs •  no mold •  excellent sound insulation •  less temperature fluctuation = more occupant comfort

Summary

Precast concrete is a high performance material that integrates easily with other systems, and inherently provides the versatility, efficiency, and resiliency needed to meet the multi-hazard requirements and long-term demands of high performance structures.

Thank you! Visit www.pci.org/hpprecast