john krienke jcwk@umich.edu 1. spell check? separated at birth? john krenicki, ge e john krienke,...

John Krienkejcwk@umich.edu

1

Spell Check? Separated at birth?

John Krenicki, GE E

John Krienke, Gee …

2

45 minute

Internet2 : From One Goal to Many Networks Science Health Science Teaching and Learning Arts and Humanities Multicast Trust and Identity

The Participatory Me

3

Apollo 13: Make it up together

4

Central ---> Distributed

5

The NSFNet Backbone Network 1986-1988

6

October 1 1996, 1998 Live backbone network 34 Universities Commit to Internet2

Project

7

8

No meter running, unlimited bandwidth

9

An Asset for the Community

Universities

Researchers

Regional Networks

K-12

Industry

International

An Asset for the Community

Universities

Researchers

Regional Networks

K-12

Industry

International

Internet2 Adjacency

Quote: “It could be said that Internet2 was

founded for the purpose of creating a network for collaboration among institutions.”

1.Convene the Community2.Successes of the Members

10

Wealth of Nations Unconventional views reveal new links Adjancies in infrastructure and platform New applications of current technologies

(Abstract Physicists meet Economic Realists)

11

Internet2 Universities209 University Members

12

http://members.internet2.edu/university/universities.cfm

13

Central ---> Distributed

14

What’s Coming. Members@work Science Health Sciences Arts & Humanities Teaching and Learning Multicast Middleware: Trust and the Identity

Layer

15

SCIENCE:

Old: Science in the ‘20s and ’30s: The Lab as Empire

Niels Bohr (atomic structure, quantum mechanics)

Arthur Compton (x-ray scattering) Ernest Rutherford (atomic structure) New: Fundamentals have

changed Questions are harder Equipment more expensive Same mix: Cooperation and

Competition

16

Large Science Facility People

3000 CERN employees 6500 visiting scientists from 500 Universities in 80 countries

Physical Size 27 Km circumference 9300 magnets 7 Tev nominal proton energy 600 million collisions per second

Experimental Facilities ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment)– Study quark-gluon

plasma ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) – Search for Higgs boson CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) – Search for Higgs boson LHCb (LHC-beauty) – Study the CP violation phenomenon Totem Total Cross Section, Elastic Scattering and Diffraction

Dissociation)– Measure the effective size of a proton LHCf (LHC-forward) – Study astroparticle physics

17

European Organization for Nuclear Research

18

Large Hadron Collider

Circumference of 26.659 kilometres (16.5 miles)

19

20

ATLAS21

ATLAS Tier’ed Hierarchy

ATLAS Computing Model OverviewATLAS Computing Model OverviewShawn McKeeShawn McKee 22

Tier 1Tier 1

Tier2Tier2

Online SystemOnline SystemOffline Farm,Offline Farm,

CERN Computer Ctr CERN Computer Ctr ~25 TIPS~25 TIPS

BNLBNLFranceFrance ItalyItalyUKUK

InstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteInstituteInstitute Institute ~0.25TIPS~0.25TIPS

WorkstationsWorkstations

~~2200-00-151500 00 MBytes/secMBytes/sec

100 - 100 - 10000 10000

Mbits/secMbits/sec

Physicists work on analysis Physicists work on analysis “channels”“channels”

Each institute has ~10 Each institute has ~10 physicists working on one or physicists working on one or

more channelsmore channels

~PByte/sec~PByte/sec

1010-40-40 Gbits/sec Gbits/sec

Tier2Tier2Tier2 Tier2 NE Tier2NE Tier2

~1-~1-1010+ Gbps+ Gbps

Tier 0 +1Tier 0 +1

Tier 3Tier 3

Tier 4Tier 4

AGLTier2AGLTier2Tier 2Tier 2

CERN/Outside Resource Ratio CERN/Outside Resource Ratio ~1:4~1:4

Tier0/(Tier0/( Tier1)/( Tier1)/( Tier2) Tier2) ~1:2:2~1:2:2

ATLAS version from Harvey Newman’s originalATLAS version from Harvey Newman’s original

Physics data Physics data cachecache

22

VLBI

Astronomers collect data about a star from earth based antennae.

End goal is to send data at 1Gb/s from over 20 antennae located around the globe.

23

Types of network usage:•Long time duration data streaming•Distributed data storage, real-time dynamic retrieval, and distributed processing

NEES – Earthquake Research Remote control of

computer simulations Video is crucial for

conferencing and as scientific data

Types of network usage: Remote control of

resources Bulk data transfer and

distributed data storage Video as data

24

Grid ComputingSeti @ Home

UC Berkeley experiment in the late ‘90s:

over 5.2 million participants worldwide SETI@home computes over 424

TeraFLOPS. Blue Gene (currently the world's

fastest supercomputer) has a sustained rate of 478 TFLOPS.

25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETI@home

26

Grid Computing The Extensible Terascale Facility, or

TeraGrid, is the world's largest, most comprehensive, distributed infrastructure for open scientific research and is being used by researchers from diverse scientific and engineering fields.

The TeraGrid facility is an integrated portfolio of over 20 high-performance computational (HPC) systems, several specialized visualization resources and storage archives, and a dedicated interconnection network.

Computing, storage, and visualization services

4,000 users at the close of 2006 http://www.teragrid.org/about/

docs/TG-Annual-2007-Pub.pdf Infectious disease models, re-

creating the big bang, tornado prediction, …

27

Remote Instrumentation

28

Gemini Observatory Mauna Kea, HawaiiAt 14,000 ft.

Mystic AquariumUniversity of ConnecticutVBrick SystemsMonterey BayUniversity of California, Santa Cruz

29

EACH BRAIN REPRESENTS

A LOTOF DATA

Comparisons must be made across several image sets

Slide courtesy of Arthur Toga (UCLA)

Health Sciences and Medicine Haptics: Transcontinental

stereoscopic robotic surgical intervention

3D Digital anatomy FCC: Rural TeleHealth

Pilot

30

Teaching and Learning:Master Classes

Active involvement… Columbia University Manhattan School of Music Cleveland Institute of Music New World Symphony Curtis Institute of Music University of Michigan Eastman School of Music University of Oklahoma Florida State University Wayne State University Indiana University And many others……

31

Michael Tilson Thomas

Pinchas Zukerman

Megaconference: H.323 Videoconferencing

32

Miró Quartet via High Definition Television (HDTV) and 10.2 channel immersive sound

Dr. Robert Ballard’s live return to the Titanic from satellite to MPEG-2 and MPEG-4

Shoah Foundation Institute: 180 Terabytes of Holocaust testimonies accessed by university partners

Philadelphia Orchestra’s new Global Concert Series over Internet2 networks to an international theater audience

Arts & Humanities

33

Advanced Video Initiatives

HD H.323 HD MPEG2/4 DVTS/HD DVTS Ultragrid iHDTV 4K

34

HD H.323

High Definition (720p) video Low bandwidth (1 – 5 Mbps) Acceptable latency for collaboration (~300 ms) Heavily compressed video, heavily to moderately compressed audio

Polycom: http://www.polycom.com/ Lifesize: http://www.lifesize.com/ Tandberg: http://www.tandberg.com/ Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

35

HD MPEG2/4

High Definition (720p or 1080i/p) video Low to moderate bandwidth (1 – 90 Mbps) Acceptable latency for collaboration in some cases (150-5000 ms) Heavily to moderately compressed video, heavily to moderately compressed audio

Tandberg TV: http://www.tandbergtv.com/ Grass Valley: http://www.thomsongrassvalley.com/

Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

36

DVTS

http://apps.internet2.edu/dvts.html Standard definition video Moderate bandwidth (30 Mbps) Good latency for collaboration (150-200 ms) Lightly compressed video (DV25)lightly compressed audio

Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

37

HD DVTS

http://apps.internet2.edu/dvts.html High definition (720p) video Moderate bandwidth (25 Mbps) High latency (3000 ms) Moderately compressed video (MPEG2)lightly compressed audio

Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

38

Ultragrid

http://ultragrid.east.isi.edu/High definition (720p/1080i) video High bandwidth (<1 Gbps) Acceptable latency for collaboration Lightly compressed videolightly compressed audio

Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

39

iHDTV

http://www.researchchannel.org/tech/ihdtv.asp High definition (1080i) video High bandwidth (1.5 Gbps) Very low latency (~80ms) Uncompressed video Uncompressed audio

Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

40

4k

Cal IT 2: http://www.calit2.net/ Very high definition video (4096 × 2160) High bandwidth (8 Gbps) Very low latency Uncompressed video Uncompressed audio

Soprano Anna Caterina Antonacci performs at the Holland Festival, seen in super-high-resolution 4K video on the large screen in the Calit2 Auditorium at UC San Diego.

Ben Fineman, Laurie Kirchmeier

41

Integrated Systems Model

& Adjacencies

42

Unicast vs. Multicast

MulticastUnicast

43

What capabilities does IP Multicast provide ?

Cost-efficient distribution of data Timely distribution of data Robust distribution of data Multicast was

designed to handle sudden large increases in load.

“Data” here could be Files Streamed Audio or Video

44

Case Study: 9/11/2001Internet News “Melt-down”:

Web Site Performance 9:00 AM to 10:00 AM

Site % Users able to access

ABCNews.com 0 % CNN.com 0 % NYTimes.com 0 % USAToday.com 18 % MSNBC.com 22 %

(source: Keynote’s Business Performance / Interactive Week 9/17/2001)

45

Crowds viewing the 9/11 multicasts at Networld+Interop

Eyewitness AccountsWe had a large plasma screen in the iLabs [at Networld+Interop] intended to demonstrate high rate HDTV over I2. We came in Tuesday morning and were preparing for the first day of the show when word came in about the initial plane crash into the towers. Our I2 Lead, Roy Hockett was able to switch the stream to a CNN broadcast from UMich. We began attracting exhibitors to the display even before the showfloor opened. Once the attendees were on the floor, the crowd had grown to well over a hundred.

By this point, three things had happened. The crowds around the one display had grown so large as to constitute a fire hazard, all the major news web sites had completely melted down, and CNN was being multicast from several sources. We then started loading multicast tools on every PC in the NOC, from the one driving the large video wall to people's individual laptops. By 10:30 (about half an hour after the floor opened) we had at least 3 large displays as well as a number of normal monitors turned out towards the plexiglass walls.

Soon after, we had a good number of exhibitors come and ask how to get "the CNN viewer software.”

— Jim Martin, Nortel

More than 1,000 copies of StreamPlayerII, our multicast MPEG viewer, were downloaded or handed out on disk between 9/11 and 9/12. We normally average 20 to 100 per day.

— Rich Mavrogeanes , VBrick

Video: CollaborationAccess Grid: www.accessgrid.org: "The Access Grid® is an

ensemble of resources...used to support group-to-group interactions across the Grid.“ A multicast application.

47Courtesy Argonne National Labs

InCommon.orgFederated Identity and Access

Higher education’s Staff, students, and faculty are no longer located exclusively

on campus Research and missions are increasingly complex, globally

interdependent, and on line Security and protection of personal identity information is

paramount and increasingly regulated (FERPA, HIPAA, Gramm-Leach-Bliley, SOX, etc.)

Business processes and applications are increasingly outsourced and/or distributed Digital collections and data Course materials and management Financial management Remote instrumentation Computational resources such as Grids Music, Software Travel resources Government resources

Trust

48

Circle University

Anonymous ID#

Dr. Joe Oval

Psych Prof.

SSN 456.78.910

Circle University

joe@circle.edu

Dr. Joe Oval

Psych Prof.

SSN 456.78.910

Circle University

joe@circle.edu

Dr. Joe Oval

Psych Prof.

SSN 456.78.910

!

1. Single Sign On

2. Services no longer manage user accounts & personal data stores

3. Reduced Help Desk load

4. Standards-based Technology

5. Home Org controls privacy

Online Collaboration: Federated Identity and Access Management

49

A facilitator: Email groups, Teleconferencing numbers, Wiki spaces

DNS, XML, SAML (Transactional Technologies)

50

Provocateur

For strategic effect

Marcel Duchamp 1919

51

Critical Filter

“What information consumes is rather obvious: it consumes the attention of its recipients. Hence a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention, and a need to allocate that attention efficiently among the overabundance of information sources that might consume it.”

–Herbert Alexander Simon, economist, Nobel laureate (1916-2001)

52

The Big Shift

The Participatory Me Creating Sharing Expressing Modifying Connecting Giving and Getting feedback

53

A platform for Content Alteration Hulu to Alternate proportions

What can I, the public, add? Using SMIL or mashups, can I add: Audio tracks, captions, language dub translations, thought bubbles, video inserts, green screen in my own local backdrops (The Bionic Woman is in my room!), paint mustaches, make it funnier, sadder, stranger, share and get ratings for my version of the show (reputation systems, build my personal brand).

It’s all about adding my image: Elfyourself.com, photo-insert eCards What can I subtract?

Editing based on Parental guidance, Religious affiliation What can I change?

Can I change the ending or re-arrange the story to make it even better? Can I click on embedded products and get more info? I love that shirt! I

want those shoes! Is her hair colored? Can I click on that pizza and get the nearest pizza shop to deliver one? I love this background music – I want it!

Can I click on characters I don’t like or scenes that are too slow and vote them out? Or confusing parts I need repeated?

Guilds, unions, intense legal obligations and old frameworks

54

Participatory Me (green is a link)

Education: From Dissemination by a Master to Active Participant in a Learning Community: Educause & John Seely Brown

Computer Game Industry & MMOGs: Entertainment that always changes, that I participate in creating.

Alternate Reality Games: Simulate the future; Find people like me; change my life: World Without Oil massive collaborative simulation

55

Participatory Me (green is a link)

Wikimedia Commons: Source Material Copyleft and Creative Commons

licensing: Built to share and share alike. News.Google.Com: My own customizable

news aggregator: Add local keywords as I like.

BookMooch: Trade your old books, get points

Lulu: Create your own books Predictify: Build reputation, earn $

56

This American Life (Radio)“News” by participation Stories by the people Filtered by a Trusted Source (Ira

Glass) American Idol for the introspective “Local” trusted news partner

57

Participatory Me: Local News

Could the public create news stories? Submit them to NBC Local Which NBC pays for (in reputation

points and dollars if aired) NBC remains the viewers’ Trusted

filter in my busy life

58

Adjacencies: Music is a … sound Recording Industry: Music distributor Telephone: Makes a Ringing Sound Bingo! $5 billion worldwide market for

“Ring” Distributors $1.00 per 3 minute song, own it forever $3.00 per 30 second ringtone, own it for 90

days Enjoy Music vs. “Display” a Ring Sound as Accessory. Brilliant! Staggering…Source: nytimes: http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/13/a-baffling-new-phenomenon-

customized-ringtones/

59

Content distribution

Over IP instead of Satellite and Tape Pre-production to post-production Film Studio to Movie Theater Affiliate to viewer

60

Long Tails: Profit & Power in the tail Consumer Wealth: Businesses target

the 4 billion in the under class (C.K. Prahalad)

NBC: Power of 10 O&O stations. Leverage the power of 230 Affiliates? Two-way distribution model of content delivery and creation?

Tremendous catalog of historical broadcasts

Long Tail : Picture by Hay Kranen / PD61

Usability Guru and Ads

Jakob Nielsen and user eye tracking studies

Why Advertising Doesn't Work on the Web

Banner Ad Blindness Plain text, Faces, Cleavage

Most Hated Advertising Techniques

62

What have you got to lose?

More than any other time in history, mankind faces a crossroads. One path leads to despair and utter hopelessness. The other, to total extinction. Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly.

-Woody Allen

63