joint gwp cee/dmcsee training: overview of agricultural meteorology in wmo by robert stefanski
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World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water
WMO OMM
WMO www.wmo.int
Overview of Agricultural
Meteorology in WMO
Robert Stefanski Chief
Agricultural Meteorology Division
WMO OMM
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Key Questions in AgroMeteorology
What are the weather / climate events that
impact agricultural decision-making?
How to relate weather / climate information to
meaningful agricultural actions / practices?
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Users of Agrometeorological
Information
Any agricultural decision-maker:
International officials (i.e. Red Cross, WFP, UN)
Government official
Extension agent
Farmers, ranchers, foresters, fishers
Media
General public
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Roving Seminars on
Weather, Climate
and Farmers
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• Seminar content is adapted to the local conditions of the country and regions
• Roving seminars 1-2 day duration and bring together
farmers from a group of villages to a centralized location in any given region
• Based on the success from Mali, raingages distributed to the farmers at each seminar.
• The focal point of each country, with assistance from Mali, prepared agrometeorological advice that was provided to the farmers along with the raingauges.
Roving Seminars on Weather, Climate and
Farmers in West Africa
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2009 Seminar - Mali Met Service Presentation
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2009 Seminar – Farmers ask Questions
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2009 Seminar – Demonstration of Raingauge
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Distribution of Rainguages to
Nigerian Farmers
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www.wamis.org
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Climate Services and Agrometeorology
• Need Historical Climate Data
• Quality controlled
Monthly Precip
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50
100
150
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350
1961
1963
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2003
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2009
2012
Mil
lim
ete
rs
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Climate Services and Agrometeorology
• Historical Climate Data
• Crop Information
• Basic Soil Information
Simple Crop Model
Crop Advice for
Rural Farmers
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Example of Crop Planting Advice
based on Rainfall
Crops: Millet and Sorghum
• Crop Cycle: 90 – 120 days
• 1 – Avoid planting before 10 June, but proceed to make field preparations.
• 2 – From 11 to 30 June, plant long-cycle crops (120 days) as soon as the 10-
day cumulative recorded rainfall which reaches or surpasses 20 mm.
• 3 – From 1 to 20 July, plant short-cycle crops (90 days) as soon as the 10-day
cumulative recorded rainfall reaches or surpasses 10 mm.
Due to the high spatial variability of rainfall, each farmer or village can make planting decisions based on their own raingauge.
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“Agriculture in Mali” in Climate Risk Management in Africa: Learning from Practice. Hellmuth, M.E., Moorhead, A., Thomson, M.C., and Williams, J. (eds) 2007 IRI
Crop yields and farm incomes for farmers taking management decisions with and without agrometeorological
information, in the 2003–2004 season.
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Roving Seminars in Western Africa:
Georeference – 159 Seminars 2009-12
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• Goal: increased self-reliance of rural farmers by raising awareness of effective weather & climate risk management and sustainable use of weather and climate information and services for agricultural production.
• Four-year pilot project (2008-2011) involved 15 countries organized over 140 seminars
• 5,700 farmers participated including 1,000 rural women
• 3,000 rain gauges were distributed to 2,800 villages
• New project is funded by Norway to increase effectiveness of weather / climate information to farmers (2012-2014)
METAGRI Project - Roving Seminars on Weather,
Climate and Farmers in West Africa
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WMO Projects in
Agricultural
Meteorology
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Agrometeorological Projects
• METAGRI-OPS Project – West Africa – 15 Countries • Soil Moisture Decision Support System - Africa
• Rockefeller Foundation Grant for Training of Trainers on Weather
and Climate Information and Products for Agricultural Extension Services in Ethiopia (Two years);
• Caribbean Agrometeorolgical Intiative (CAMI) funded by EU ACP (3 years);
• World Bank Project in Lake Victoria Region – • Severe Weather Forecasting Demonstration Project (SWFDP) • Agriculture and Fisheries
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Severe Weather
Forecasting
Demonstration Project
(SWFDP)
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Cascading Approach for Forecasting
Global NWP centres to provide available NWP products,
including in the form of probabilities;
Regional centres to interpret information received from global
NWP centres, run limited-area models to refine products,
liaise with the participating NMHSs;
NMHSs to issue alerts, advisories, severe weather warnings;
to liaise with DMCPAs and the media, and to contribute to the
evaluation of the project.
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Cascading Forecasting Process
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Global Centers NMCs RSMC
Disaster Management
Centres
Agriculture Lake Victoria Fishers
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Key Objectives of SWFDP-Eastern
Africa
To establish the technical operating infrastructure of
the demonstration project incorporating the
cascading forecasting process, in order to
commence improvements in the lead time and
accuracy of forecasts for extreme weather
phenomena;
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Key Objectives of SWFDP-Eastern
Africa
To develop/enhance dissemination systems to
improve delivery of products and services to the
general public, disaster management and media as
the main users with a particular focus on:
agricultural activities, food security and food aid;
safety of fishing and transport vessels on the Lake
Victoria and over the coastal areas of western Indian
Ocean;
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Key Objectives of SWFDP-Eastern
Africa
To improve communication of warnings and
forecasts with users at all levels but with a particular
focus on the community level with a view to
measuring progress in the uptake and use of the
information provided through the project, at the
community level.
World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water
WMO OMM
WMO www.wmo.int
Thank You
rstefanski@wmo.int
www.wmo.int/agm
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