jurnal faringitis e.c streptokokus grup a
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Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group
A Streptococcal Pharyngitis : 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases
Society of America
Pembimbing : dr. Khairan Irmansyah, Sp.THT-KL, M.Kes
Eleonora Rumande Bandu S.ked Fachdepy Maulana Ngangi S.ked
Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the pharynx to an infectious agent.
Most common infectious agent are Group A Streptococcus and Various Viral agent
Often co-exist with tonsilitis
Signs and Symptoms
• A low fever• Cough• Mild
headache• Sneezing
Sore throa
t with cold
• Fever higher than 37ºC
• Chills• Body aches• fatique
Sore
throat
with flu
• Enlarged limph nodes in neck And armpits
• Swollen tonsil
• Headache• Loss of
appetite• Swollen
spleen• Liver
inflammation
Sore throat with mononukle-osis
Risk FactorsCold and flu seasonsHaving close contact with
someone who has a sore throat or cold
Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
Frequent sinus infectionsAllergiesAttending daycare
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis : 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
methodology“Practice guidelines are systematically developed
statements toassist practitioners and
patients in making decisions about
appropriate healthcare for specific clinical
circumstances”
Panel Composition- Convened in 2009
- The panel consisted of internists and
pediatricians, including adult and pediatric infectious disease
specialists and a general pediatrician
The group convened a face-to-face meeting
in 2009 The GRADE approach offers a structured,
systematic, and transparentLiterature Review and
Analysis. We identified up-to-date valid systematic reviews
from the MEDLINE database, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library,
and in selected cases we also reference lists of the
most recent narrative reviews or studies on the
topic
the search period was 1980–2012 and was
restricted tothe English-language
literature
Articles were also retrieved by
searches for clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, symptoms
and signs, and microbiology
Primary key search terms were as follows:
• Pharyngitis• Streptococci
• Throat culture• Rapid streptococcal tests
• Pharyngeal carriers• Tonsillectomy
• Streptococcal antibody tests
The guidelinewas reviewed and approved by the IDSA Standards and
Practice Guidelines Committee (SPGC) and the IDSA Board
of Directors prior to dissemination.
INTRODUCTION
•GAS is the most common bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis, responsible for 5%–15% of sore throat visits in adults and 20%–30% in children.
•Although acute pharyngitis is one of the most frequent illnesses for which pediatricians and other primary care physicians are consulted, with an estimated 15 million visits per year in the United States
Epidemiologic and Clinical Features Suggestive ofGroup A Streptococcal and Viral Pharyngitis
Sudden onset of sore throatAge 5–15 yearsFeverHeadacheNausea, vomiting, abdominal painTonsillopharyngeal inflammation
Patchy tonsillopharyngeal exudatesPalatal petechiaeAnterior cervical adenitis (tender nodes)Winter and early spring presentationHistory of exposure to strep pharyngitisScarlatiniform rash
Microbial Etiology of Acute Pharyngitis
How Should the Diagnosis of GAS Pharyngitis Be Established?Swabbing the
throat and testing for GAS
pharyngitis by rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and/or
culture should be performed
because the clinical features
alone do not reliably
discriminate between GAS and viral pharyngitis.
How Should the Diagnosis of GAS Pharyngitis Be Established? (2)
Anti-streptococcal antibody titers are
not recommend
Routine use of back-up throat
cultures for those with a
negative RADT is not
necessary for adults in usual circumstances
Who Should Undergo Testing for GAS Pharyngitis?
Testing for GAS pharyngitis usually is not recommended
for children or adults with acute pharyngitis with clinical and epidemiological features that strongly suggest a viral
etiology
Diagnostic studies for GAS pharyngitis are not indicated for children <3 years old
Follow-up posttreatment throat cultures or RADT are not recommended routinely but may be considered in special
circumstances
Diagnostic testing or empiric treatment of asymptomatic
household contacts of patients with acute
streptococcal pharyngitis is not routinely recommended
What Are the Treatment Recommendations for Patients Witha Diagnosis of GAS Pharyngitis?
Patients with acute GAS pharyngitis should be treated with an appropriate antibiotic at an appropriate dose for a duration likely to eradicate
the organism from the pharynx
Penicillin or amoxicillin is
the recommende
d drug of choice for those non-allergic to
these agents
Treatment of GAS
pharyngitis in penicillin-allergic
individuals should include
a first generation
cephalosporin for 10 days,
clindamycin clarithromycin for 10 days,
or azithromycin
for 5 days
Should Adjunctive Therapy With Nonsteroidal AntiinflammatoryDrugs (NSAIDs), Acetaminophen, Aspirin, orCorticosteroids Be Given to Patients Diagnosed With GASPharyngitis?
Adjunctive therapy may be
useful in the management of GAS
pharyngitis.
•If warranted, use of an analgesic/antipyretic agent such as acetaminophen or an NSAID for treatment of moderate to severe symptoms or control of high fever associated with GAS pharyngitis should be considered as an adjunct to an appropriate antibiotic.•Aspirin should be avoided in children•Adjunctive therapy with a corticosteroid is not recommended .
Is the Patient With Frequent Recurrent Episodes of ApparentGAS Pharyngitis Likely to Be a Chronic Pharyngeal Carrier ofGAS?
We recommend that clinicians caring for patients with recurrent episodes of pharyngitis associated with laboratory evidence of GAS pharyngitis consider that they may be experiencing >1 episode of bona fide streptococcal pharyngitis at close intervals, but they should also be alert to the possibility that the patient may actually be a chronic pharyngeal GAS carrier who is experiencing repeated viral infections
We recommend that GAS carriers do not
ordinarily justify efforts to identify them
nor do they generally require antimicrobial
therapy because GAS carriers are unlikely
to spread GAS pharyngitis to their close
contacts and are at little or no risk for
developing suppurative or nonsuppurative
complications.
We do not recommend
tonsillectomy solely to reduce the
frequency of GAS pharyngitis
Thank You
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