k15 operating training_mmt

Operating the K15

Platform

4 Mainframe

0 cPCI bus with 5 slots for interface cards

0 Housing with PC board, PENTIUM M 1.8 GHz, 2 GB RAM

0 2 HDD: 60 GB and 500 GB

0 TFT 15” color (1024x768)

0 Integrated Key Board, Touch-pad

0 4 LAN Ethernet 10/100/1000 support

0 4 USB 2.0

0 RS-232, DVI-I

0 Sound capabilities (Speaker Out, Line In, Mic In)

0 Windows XP Embedded Operating System

Interface Boards

4 Single slot boards (PowerWAN and PowerWAN Light)

04 x E1/T1/J1 PCM links* (PWL)

08 x E1/T1/J1 PCM links* (PW)

04 x E1/T1/J1 PCM links* + 2 x 10/100 Mbit/s fastEthernet links (PWL)

4 Double slot boards (PCE-2)

0Each board can be equipped with either 1 or 2 LIF modules

0Any combination of available LIF modules can be used

4 4 x E1/T1/J1 ATM links*

4 2 x STM-1/OC3 optical links*

0HSL (ATM) support

0 IMA (Inverse Multiplex over ATM) support

* bi-directional links

Basic Features

Hardware Configuration (1)

Hardware Configuration (2)

Hardware ConfigurationATM STM-1 Port

Hardware ConfigurationATM E1/DS1 Port

Monitoring Measurement Scenarios on K15

OnlineOnline

Processing elementsProcessing elements

OfflineOffline

•• playback record fileplayback record file

OfflineOffline

•• record viewerrecord viewer

Setup Logical Links

… is a channel that establishes an logical assignment between

the hardware and a specific protocol stack

Logical Links

Setup HSL Link

Setup GPRS Gb Link (1)

Setup GPRS Gb Link (2)

Setup Ethernet Link

Setup ATM Link (1)

Setup ATM Link for IuUP Interface (2)

Setup ATM Link for Iub Interface (3)

4 Internal Stream-to-disk

0 Up to 20 Mbit/s without decoding

0 Up to 8 Mbit/s while running UMTS real-time multi-interface call trace applications

Stream to Disk Data Collection

4External Mass storage expansion

0 SCSI connection to an external mass storage system

0 Ethernet connection to a local server

Stream to Disk Data Collection

Monitor

4 Overview of data flow shows if there is any message missing

4 Detailed decoding of dataflow shows, if all parameters are

if all parameters are correct and available

4 Latest protocol implementations, even Features can be shown in mnemonic

Support Protocols

4 Transport Narrowband

4 Transport SCCP

4 Transport Package Data

4 Transport Broadband

4 TUP/ISUP

4 GSM and PCS

4 GPRS

4 UMTS

4 CDMA and CDMA2000

4 Intelligent Network 4 IP

Column Configuration

4Customize Shortview column settings

4Save column

4Save column configuration

4Different timestamp formats for date/timestamp display available

Short Column Configuration

4 Free configuration of Shortview

4 Add each single parameter from Frameview with a key- or mouse

a key- or mouse click

Filter (1)

4Powerful Filter and Search

0Links

0Protocols, Messages and Parameters

0Error Events

0Frame Type

0Timestamp / Length

Filter (1)Filter By Link

Filter (2)Protocol Filter

Filter (3)Advanced Protocol Filter

4 Definition of logical OR / AND relations between protocol filter expressions

0 In addition “Expert Mode” is available

4 User Assistance by intelligent selection of configured list items

Filter (4)Filter By Error Event

Filter (5)Filter By Frame Type

Filter (6)Filter By Timestamp / Length

Triggers (1)

4 Detect weaknesses, e.g.

0protocol decoding

0error messages in release causes

0 forbidden messages

4 Announce them to the user

0popping up message box

0start action, e.g creation of a recording

Trigger (2)

4 “Record with prolog and epilog”(define kb size of frames to record before/after event; Trigger enables recording; ability to record multiple trigger-events, in case trigger condition occurs multiple times)

– “Recurring Trigger Events”(i.e. daily or weekly trigger setting, perform special actions multiple times)

Protocol Help

Protocol Stack Editor

4Add, delete, configure

protocols in stack

4“Stack View”

displays the stack

structure: items

(protocols) and their

relations

4“Layer View”

displays parameter

information on

selected protocols

Single Parameter Relation

Multiple Parameter Relation

Multiple parameter relations are needed for the use of some Layer Specific

Applications (LSA) and to combine several parameter relations to one

condition.

Likewise all other relations the multiple parameter relation will be set or

modified in the Protocol Setup Dialog.

Multiple Parameter Relation

After changing the type of relation to Multiple Parameter the user can edit the relation string in an extra edit Multiple Parameter Relation dialog*

* The user can obtain a detailed description and hints about the syntax of the relation string

from the online help. The feature is designed for advanced user only.

NTP Time Stamp Synchronization

4 NTP server

0mounted on one instrument (e.g. instrument Chicago 1)

0 installed anywhere (e.g. server in Dallas)

4 Automatic synchronization

NTP sync

LAN/WAN

NTP sync

LAN/WANDallas

Chicago 2HLR

synchronization

0each instrument synchs with the NTP server

0+/- 10ms accuracy within a LAN/WAN*

*Assuming the LAN/WAN guarantees

network jitter lower than 3ms

GGSNSGSN

InternetInternet

Node B

Chicago 1

Supports GPS Time Stamp Synchronization

4 K15 supports GPS synchronization

0Provides time stamp accuracy better that +/- 1 ms

0GPS antenna and cabling are supplied

0Enhanced time stamp accuracy for time sensitive measurement

GPS GPS

NTP - Service Configuration

Recording File Merge

4 Merge multiple RF5 recordings collected from several K15

0To perform off-line analysis

0To perform multi-site analysis

LAN/WANLAN/WANDallas

Chicago 2

analysis

GGSNSGSN

InternetInternet

Chicago 1

Recording File Merge

4 Merge MULTIPLE Files from different sources or units

4 Merge them with TIMESTAMP OFFSET

Applications (1)

4 Abis Monitor

0 Analyze mobile networks

4 BHCA

0 Determination of busy hours

4 Call Monitor

0 Generation of connection statistics

4 CallTrace / Sequencer

4 Count All Messages

0 Classify/counts received messages sorted according to protocols

4 Erlang Traffic Measurement

0 Measurement of signaling load on logical links

4 Statistics

0 Classify/count received signaling on basis

CallTrace / Sequencer

0 Tracing of Specific Calls / Transactions

4 Multi Interface Call Trace (MICT)

0 Classify/count received signaling on basis of different criteria

0 Graphical and alphanumerical evaluation

4 Timeslot Audio Extraction

Applications (2)

Run two applications in one pipeline

4 select data belonging to a special group of calls (like Calltrace / Sequencer)

4 then do some statistics or run other applications based on this “presorted” data

4 free in configuration

Tracing of Specific Calls / Transactions

4 “Zoom” into related messages by pressing one button

4 Tracing calls

0complete or partial call informationas criteria e.g. CalledNo, IMSI, TMSI, IMEI

0 trace calls for certain release causes

4 Available for

0 ISUP

0 INAP

4 Sorting of messages by Sequencer 0Gx

– Abis

– MAP

– IS41

CallTrace / Sequencer (1)

CallTrace / Sequencer (2)

CDR Application

4Record detailed call information (i.e. called / calling party number, duration of the call, Hold Time, Wait Time, Response Time, …)

4 integrated in calltrace application

4writes results into a CSV file (easy import into i.e. MS Excel) for post processing

4 available for ISUP (other interfaces in development)

CDR Viewer

Multi Interfaces CallTrace (1)

4 Select the call trace types in the Scenario Configuration

4 Click from the auto-detected logical links the relevant protocols stacks

Status Reports

4 Input search criteria also by using wildcards

4 Up-to-date Status Reports on all calls and calls from each tested interface separately

Allowed search parameters are:- IMSI (Gr, Gb, Gn)

- P-TMSI (Abis, Gb)

- TLLI (Abis, Gb)

- IMEI (Gb, Gr)

- MSISDN (Gn, Gr)

- MSRN (Gr)

- Handset IP Address (Gb, Gn)

- Destination IP Address (Gb, Gn)

Wildcard * can be used to search for a range of parameters

If signalling parameters that identify the subscriber change while the session is in progress, correlation is carried out automatically.

Drill down from the “Overview Window” to the “Arrow Diagram” and to the “Monitoring Window”

* This is a GPRS example

Multi Interface CallTrace (5)

CDMA2000

4 A1, A10/A11

4 Iub, Iu-CS, Iu-PS, Gr

The Multi Interface Call/Transaction Trace support several scenarios and several technologies

GSM/SS7

4 ISUP, INAP

GPRS/EDGE

4 Abis, A, Gb, Gr, Gn/Gp

e.g. Up to 4000 calls on Iub can be tracedsimultaneously in real-time

Single Interface CallTrace

CDMAone/CDMA2000UMTS

The same graphical environment is also available for Single Interface Call/Procedure Trace for the following interfaces and the following technologies

CDMAone/CDMA2000

4 A1, A10/A11, IS-41 MAP

GSM/SS7

4 A, MAP, ISUP, INAP

4 Iub, Iu-CS, Iu-PS

GPRS/EDGE

4 Abis, Gb, Gr, Gn/Gp

Statistics for Various Purposes

4 50 useruser--defineddefinedcounters

4Graphical presentation

4Counters defined by

0protocols

0messages

0parameters

0limits

4 Import results in i.e. Excel, Dbase or Access

Statistics (1)

Statistics (2)

Abis Monitor (1)

Abis Monitor (2)

Busy Hour Call Attempt

Call Data

4Application “Call Monitor”

0Average call time

0Average conversation time

0Average call setup time

0Number of successful / non successful calls

0Percentage of successful calls

0Counter for each release cause

0Writes CSV files

4export into various applications for graphical statistics

Count All

Erlang Measurement

Timeslot Audio Extraction

Offline Analysis Software

44Powerful offline post processing of recorded data on Powerful offline post processing of recorded data on your office PC !your office PC !

44AnalyzeAnalyze and playbackplayback K1103, K1205, K1297 and K15 recording files

44Full functionalityFull functionality as on a K15

44AllAll applications and statistics are available

44Triggers and FiltersTriggers and Filters

4Runs only with Windows SP / Windows 2000

Recording File Viewer for PC’s

44Offline AnalysisOffline Analysis of recorded data on your office PC !of recorded data on your office PC !

44AnalyzeAnalyze K1103, K1205, K1297 and K15 recordings

44Powerful Powerful filter functions are available

4Runs on Windows SP, 2000

4Some Features

0Protocol stack editor

0Complete search and filtering possibilities

0Filter and filter templates creation offline for use in K15

0Zooming as with K15

GPRS MonitoringFeatures and Applications

GPRS / EDGE

4 All interfaces available

0Gb-, Gn-, Gi-, Gs-, Gr-, Gf-, Gc-, Gd-, Ga- interface

4 Monitoring of GPRS Abis

0Alcatel, Ericsson, Lucent, Motorola, Nokia, Nortel, Siemens

4 Realtime Call Traces

0Gn/Gp

0Gr/Gc

0Parameters for selection

4 IMSI / MSISDN / MSRN / IMEI / TMSI / IP Address / Cause Value

4 Fractional / Unchannelized Mode implemented

4 Software for all actual SMG and 3GPP versions, incl. manufacturer specific Abis packages

GPRS / EDGE

4GPRS Gb Analyzer

4GERAN Multimedia Services (Multi vendor EDGE Abis protocol suite)

4GPRS MM/SM Statistics

4Service Profile Statistics

4Gb Deciphering Solution

4RLC/MAC Reassembling

4SNDCP Reassembling on Gb

4GPRS File Mutator

GPRS Gb Analyzer

GPRS Gb Analyzer - What for?

4Monitoring and analysis of actual subscriber activities and crucial QoS parameters at the Gb-interface

4Obtaining valuable information on GMM, SM procedures, QoS parameters and service usage

4Troubleshooting at the Gb-interface

(e.g. based on detected failed GMM, SM procedures)

GPRS Gb Analyzer - So what?

4 Identify and analyze problems (e.g. caused by subscriber activities) easily and rapidly

4Enable analysis of network performance

4Understand how and which services are used

4Cost-effective application for K12 users

GPRS Gb Analyzer - Features (1)

4 Displays important information for thousands of GPRS sessions

(e.g. IMSI, P-TMSI, current state, Attach type, …)

4 Displays and stores statistical output in tabulated format

4 Measures signaling performance

4 Monitors and analyzes important QoS parameter (e.g.

4 Monitors and analyzes important QoS parameter (e.g. requested vs. negotiated vs. actual)

4 Evaluates service usage and their duration

4 Operates Online and Offline

4 Is part of K12xx basic SW

Available Statistics

EDGESiemens, Ericsson, Nokia, Nortel, Alcatel Abis support

Timeslot allocation on Abis EDGE interface is carried out dynamically.

The universal decoder tracks every timeslot allocation and decodes its content automatically.

4Autoconfiguration

4Semi automatic configuration, Tracking and Decoding

0Based on the so called Universal Decoder

0Supported Siemens and Ericsson

4Manual configuration and Decoding

0Supported for Nokia 10.5, Alcatel B8, Nortel V.14, V.15

The Abis Autoconfiguration and Universal Decoder reduces the overhead time needed to configure the instrument.

Abis protocols support

4 Nokia

0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (S11, S11.5)

4 Ericsson

0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (R8,R9,R9.1,R10,R11,R12)

4 Siemens

0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (BR4.5 … BR9.0)

4 Alcatel

0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (B7, B7.2, B8)

4 Nortel

0GSM/GPRS/EDGE (V14.x, V15.x, V16)

4 Motorola

0GSM/GPRS (1.6.2x7, 1.7.0x3)

Abis Autoconfiguration (1)

4Siemens (BR 9.0, 8.0, 7.0)

4Nortel (V16)

4Nokia (S11.5, S11)

4Ericsson (R12, R11, R10, R9.1, R9)

Summary

Universal Decoder (1)

GPRS MM/SM Statistics (1)

GPRS MM/SM Statistics (2)

GPRS Deciphering Solution

… is intended as a secure transmission of data over … is intended as a secure transmission of data over thetheair interfaceair interface

… is performed between SGSN and MS through the … is performed between SGSN and MS through the GPRS encryption algorithm (GEA/x). As of GPRS encryption algorithm (GEA/x). As of Release Release 98 98 only GEA/only GEA/1 1 is available.is available.

Ciphering in GPRS networks ...

Release Release 98 98 only GEA/only GEA/1 1 is available.is available.

… is applied to signaling data and payload.… is applied to signaling data and payload.

… is one task of protocol layer LLC … is one task of protocol layer LLC (GSM (GSM 0404..6464))

… is mandatory for GPRS terminals… is mandatory for GPRS terminals

GEA/xGEA/xGEA/xGEA/x

GPRS Ciphering - Methodology

Input Direction

Unciphered DecipheredCiphered

Input Direction

OutputOutput

Unciphered

Deciphered

FrameCiphered

MS or SGSN SGSN or MS

4 GPRS Encryption Algorithm (GEA/x) has three input parameters:

0Ciphering Key Kc

0Transfer direction

0Frame dependent input variable

Deciphering in GPRS networks

Direction Bit (0/1)

For I- and S- Frames

4 F{ IOV and N(S)}

For UI-Frame

4 F{IOV and N(u)}

Data FieldFCS HeadEncrypted Bits Head

Cipher Sequence

4 F{IOV and N(u)}

Data Flow

4Deciphering on Gb- Interface

0Three operation modes

4Full Automatic Mode

Automatic recognition of up to 1000 IMSIs and their corresponding Kc values at the same time.

4Half Automatic Mode

4Deciphering on Gb- Interface

0Three operation modes

4Full Automatic Mode

Automatic recognition of up to 1000 IMSIs and their corresponding Kc values at the same time.

GPRS Deciphering Solution on K15 (1)

Automatic recognition of all Kc values after manual input of up to 1000 IMSIs.

4Manual Mode

Manual input of up to 1000 IMSIs and their corresponding Kc values.

0Support of GEA1 and GEA2

0Online (and Offline)

Automatic recognition of all Kc values after manual input of up to 1000 IMSIs.

4Manual Mode

Manual input of up to 1000 IMSIs and their corresponding Kc values.

0Support of GEA1 and GEA2

0Online (and Offline)

SGSNSGSN

HLRHLR

BSS/BSS/PCUPCU

Encryption

Enciphered messages on Gb

KK12051205

Enciphered messages on GbDeciphered messages on Gb GbGb

SGSNSGSN

HLRHLR

BSS/BSS/PCUPCU

Encryption

KK12051205

Decipher

K12xx RLC/MAC reassembling

K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - What for?

4Pick up frames that are cut into slices of different sizes dependent on the coding scheme and assemble them to the original frame (LLC and RLC control)

SNDCP GMM,SM SMS

LLCHeader Data

Reassembler

GSM RF (PCU Frames)

SNDCP GMM,SM SMS

Frame Relay, IP

GPRS Abis Gb

K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - So what?

4Monitoring and analysis of entire LLC frames and RLC control frames are feasible already at the GPRS Abis interface

4 Improvement of technicians working efficiency

4Enabling functional testing and troubleshooting on GPRS Abis interface

4Strengthen Tektronix outstanding position for non-intrusive GPRS testing

K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - Features (1)

4Support of GPRS technology (all coding schemes)

4Reassembling of segmented LLC and RLC control frames

4Support of single slot and multi-slot mobiles

0Reassembling of segmented frames for all mobiles, in case the Temporary Block Identifier (TFI) is unique inside a measurement

Temporary Block Identifier (TFI) is unique inside a measurement scenario (set of logical links)

0In case the TFI is not unique inside a measurement scenario (e.g. different mobiles using the same TFI) reassembling can be carried out if only one mobile transmits fragments in the measurement scenario

4Support of Siemens-PCU, Ericsson-PCU, Nokia-PCU

4Online mode and Offline mode

K15 RLC/MAC reassembling - Features (2)

4Potential Feature extensions

0Reassembling of segmented frames (LLC, RLC control) for all mobiles even if the TFI is not unique inside a measurement scenario

0Support of Nortel-PCU, Alcatel-PCU, Motorola-PCU Lucent-PCU

0Support of EDGE technology

4Potential Feature extensions

0Reassembling of segmented frames (LLC, RLC control) for all mobiles even if the TFI is not unique inside a measurement scenario

0Support of Nortel-PCU, Alcatel-PCU, Motorola-PCU Lucent-PCU

0Usage improvements

Main question:

�� “Need to have” or “Nice to have” ?

SNDCP Reassembling on Gb

SNDCP Reassembling on Gb (1/3)

TCP/IP and UDP/IP user data frames containing upper layer

application protocols like WAP, HTTP, FTP are often segmented by

the SNDCP protocol layer into smaller PDUs. Due to this

segmentation, simple protocol analysis cannot be used on the Gb

interface to understand what kind of information is flowing.

By reassembling these smaller PDUs called SN-PDUs, the

application enables the user to have full access to GPRS

subscriber payload (e.g. WAP over TCP over IP over SNDCP) in

order to analyze subscriber activity and behavior

(e.g. visited web site and downloaded web pages).

When necessary the application reassembles TCP/IP and UDP/IP data frames on top of the SNDCP layer on the Gb I/f

An IP frame has been segmented into 4 PDUs.

The SNDCP reassembling application puts them together as highlighted in yellow

GPRS File Mutator

GPRS File Mutator (1/3)

Technicians using the K12xx often need to exchange GPRS .RF5

files in order to share data and better analyse problems.

These .RF5 files contain sensitive data related to subscriber

identity (e.g. IMSI, IMEI, MSISDN), location (e.g. CID, RAI, LAI)

and activity (e.g. APN, destination IP address).

When exporting .RF5 files, the application allows to mask these

sensitive parameters: data privacy and subscriber anonymity is

guaranteed and at the same time general data analysis activities

can be still carried out (e.g. protocol analysis, call trace, statistics).

The application is an .exe file that can be run on the K12xx or on a PC

Select a source .RF5 file, select a destination .RF5 file, press GO.The application will create a .RF5 file with masked sensitive parameters.

Parameters to mask and specific mask to apply can be chosen by the user

UMTS MonitoringFeatures and Applications

UMTS Applications

4 Iub Autoconfiguration

4 Iub Dechiphering

4 Iub Monitor

4 Iu Monitor

4 IuX Statistics

4UMTS High Speed Multimedia Services (3.5G HSDPA protocol suite)

4UMTS Videotelephony (H.324M/3G-324M protocol suite for real time video service)

Automatic UMTS Iub monitoring configuration

An expert software allows plug and play Iub monitoring operations

0only few minutes required to set-up the instrument

0the expert software automates all the configuration process

0non-intrusive configuration (Node-B restart is not required)

0NBAP, ALCAP are identified for each Node-B

0FACH, RACH, PCH are identified for each cell

0DCHs are identified for each call

The expert software sets the instrument in “auto-learning” mode and a proprietary algorithm identify the relevant parameters.

Auto Configuration Wizard I

A wizard guides the user through all the required steps

4Auto learning period definition

0amount of time the application shall listen to Iub traffic to understand Iub configuration

understand Iub configuration

4On-line monitoring scenario properties

0possibility to extract information aboutthe CS/PS user plane

Auto Configuration Wizard II

4Traffic type selection

0ALCAP

4Boards/ports selection

0boards

0ports

0VPI/VCI/CID ranges

Auto Configuration Wizard III

4Network parameters selection

0vendor type

0# of cells,

0# of node Bs

4Protocol versions/stacks selection

0ALCAP

0RRC traffic

Auto Configuration Wizard IV

4 The wizard is designed to support different skill levels during the configuration process

0 provides default input values to assist non-expert users

0 allows maximum flexibily in setting advanced parameters to enable

parameters to enable expert-users to speed-up the auto-configuration

4 Once the configuration process is over

0 the application starts scanning the Iub interface

0 the logical links are automatically configured on the K15

UMTS Iub ciphering for Confidentiality

4 Ciphering in UMTS is performed between UE and RNC over Uu (Air) and Iub

4 When ciphering is active, RRC and NAS messages are encrypted

0 RRC (Radio Resource Control) messages contain key information for Radio Network Optimization

0 NAS (Non Access Stratum) messages contain key information for Network Troubleshooting (Mobility Management - MM, Session Management - SM, Call Control -CC)

4 When ciphering is active, Network Optimization and Network Troubleshooting activities cannot be carried out with a traditional protocol analyzer

K15 Iub deciphering

4 K15 needs to be physically connected to Iub and Iu

4 Ciphering Keys and Ciphering Parameters (quintuplets) are collected from the Iu interface and fed to the deciphering algorithm which de-encrypts the flow of messages on Iub allowing full access to the content of the protocol messages

4 Automatic Mode (no user intervention) or Manual Mode (insertion of IMSI, CS ciphering key, PS ciphering key) operations are supported

IMSI, CS ciphering key, PS ciphering key) operations are supported

4 Real Time and Off Line operations are supported

K15 Iub deciphering benefits

4 Network Troubleshooting (monitoring NAS messages on Iub) and Network Optimization (monitoring RRC messages on Iub) activities can be accomplished even if ciphering is activated in the network because full access to the content of all protocol messages is guaranteed anyway

4 Must have in live ciphered network, where it is not feasible to de-activate ciphering, because this would cut-off existing users and would jeopardize the security/privacy of the transmitted content

would jeopardize the security/privacy of the transmitted content

4 Enables to test in the lab/test plant the impact of Iub ciphering/deciphering on network element/network behaviour and performance

4 Full access to troubleshooting in ciphered multi-technology GPRS/UMTS environment thanks to the support of GPRS Gb deciphering (extended to support quintuplets) and UMTS Iub deciphering

Iub MonitorPort Settings

Iub MonitorParameter Setup for NBAP

Iub MonitorParameter Setup for ALCAP

Iub MonitorNBAP Monitor Output

Iub MonitorALCAP Monitor Output

Iub MonitorConfiguration of the Common Control Channels

Iub MonitorCommon Control Channels Advanced Logical Link Settings and Frame Processing Parameter

Iub MonitorLink Assignment

Iub MonitorCommon Configuration

Iu MonitorConfiguration of RANAP and ALCAP

Iu MonitorPath ID Mapping

Iu MonitorOperating Mode

Iu MonitorLink Configuration after Iu Monitor has been Started

Iu MonitorBearier Capability Check

Iu MonitorExample of result

H223 Data flow and MUXPDUsH.245 Control Messages drop out of the datastream

UMTS IuX Statistics - Setup

UMTS IuX Statistics - Result

HSDPA – 3.5G High Speed Multimedia ServicesDecoding support for NEM and NO

4 ARC Group predicts that Operators will increasingly adopt so-called “3.5G” technologies, mainly High-Speed Download Packet Access (HSDPA), TDD UMTS and proprietary technologies such as Flarion’s Flash OFDN, in order to increase the potential revenues from high-speed multimedia services with a limited incremental investment over the 3G infrastructure and without waiting for the availability of full 4G solutions, that ARC thinks will arrive in around 2010.

4 HDSPA is standardised as an element of the 3GPP Rel.5 W-CDMA

4 HDSPA is standardised as an element of the 3GPP Rel.5 W-CDMAspecification; it provides a two-fold improvement in network capacity and boosts data speed up to five times, to over 10Mbps, with user speeds of 2Mbps expected to be practically achievable. The competitive pressure from CDMA2000 1xEV-DO will likely result in an early deployment of HSDPA in Korea and in Japan, where DoCoMo plans to have HSDPA live by end-2005. On the positive side, HSDPA is also expected to compete, together with the emerging WiMAX technology, for a share of the actual users of DSL services.

H.324M – Real Time Video ServicesDecoding support on Iu for H.245 and H.223

4 H.324M is a standard for low bitrate multimedia communication.

4 In 3G networks H.324M is used to specify the use of a dedicated 64kbps bearer to transmit multiplexed voice, video as well as control and signaling information on Iu-CS

4 The 3G-324M is an “umbrella standard” referencing other standards whichspecify:

0mandatory and optional video and audio codecs

0 the messages to be used for call set-up, control and tear-down (H.245)

0 the way that audio, video, control and other data are multiplexed and de-multiplexed (H.223)

4 In order to support enhanced (and delay sensitive) video services, 3G phones as well as network equipment are required to support the H.324M protocol.

Target customers for Video Quality Analysis4 UMTS Network Equipment Manufacturers development laboratories

0 Technicians verify the proper implementation of the H324M protocol suite and of the audio/video codec H.264 and M-PEG4

0 Technicians verify the interoperability between different handsets model and the UMTS network

4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators test plants

0 Technicians verify the interoperability between handsets and network element

4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators Operation and Maintenance

4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators Operation and Maintenance departments

0 Technicians verify the performance of the new video services in case there are complaints about the video quality by customer

0 Technicians try to map reported video problems into underlying network problems in order to understand the root cause

4 UMTS Mobile Network Operators Optimization departments

0 After having performed optimization activities, technicians look at the perceived user video quality to understand if network reconfiguration activities have been effective

Test challenges for Video Telephony

4 Understand the root cause of the problem and what entity is responsible for a bad video quality

0 A problem in the audio/video codec?

0 A radio interface congestion?

0 Failures in the video delivery platforms?

0 Problems in the handsets or in the network?

4 Video is not data and is very sensitive to packetized transmission

0 Encoder/Decoder problems, RF problems, Mux/De-Mux problems

4 Three main areas of concern

0 Performance Monitoring of network KPIs (Bitrates, Framerates, Connection Times)

0 Troubleshooting Video CODEC Elementary Stream Protocol problems (Protocol syntax, Encoder functions)

0 Analyzing Video Picture Quality (Picture difference – PSNR Fidelity Analysis)

TransmittedContent

Mobile Video QoS Layers

Analysis FunctionSignal

Packetized Video

Transmission Channel KPI Monitoring

Compressed

Baseband Video

Compressed Video

H.263/MPEG-4 Protocol Analysis

Compressed Content

Video Picture QualityAnalysis

VideoContent

H.324M Case Study “Pixelisation” - Root Causes Diagnosed

4 Case 1: macroblock errors inside the picture

0Cause: loss of video update commands at air interface and handover problems

4 Case 2: picture „noise“

0Cause: normal noise of the digital camera inside the picture: the better the camera , the lesser the noise of the picture itself

picture itself

4 Case 3: picture „blocking“ (8x8 pixel macroblock)

0Cause: low bandwidth for video picture compression algorithm (MPEG-4, H.263)

4 Case 4: low frame update rate

0Cause: MPEG-4 encoder too slow – use H.263 instead

H.324M Case Study - Lessons learned

4 All video codecs of the phones used in tests appeared to work correct

0 Samsung Z105, Motorola V800, Sony Ericsson Z1010

0 Verified with Tektronix MTS4EA

4 Some phones failed the initial H.245 master / slave negotiation

0 Flaw in resolving situations where both phones used the same « random

0 Flaw in resolving situations where both phones used the same « random value » to toss for the master resulted in drop of call

4 H.223 overall Bandwidth important

0 otherwise quantization effects disturb the video experience

4 Better video experience reached by selecting H.263 codec over MPEG-4

0 Unfortunately, the default setting of all phones was MPEG-4

Tektronix H.324M Video QoS Solution

H.324M

K15 monitors H.324M data on Iu-CS

interface

Captured .3GP files can be

analyzed on any PC/Laptop by

MTS4EA Video Analysis Software

Tektronix end-to-end H.324M Video QoS Solution

4 Monitors the Iu-CS Interface (Circuit Switched)

1. Automatically open DCH channels containing H.324M data

2. Demultiplexes H.223 Bytestreams

3. Decodes and Analyzes H.245 inbandsignaling channel

4. Calculates Key Performance Indicators

4 Bitrates, Framerates, Connection Times

5. Extracts audio and video data to a .3GP file

4 AMR, H.263, MPEG-4

6. Decodes and Analyzes the Video ElementaryStream (MTS4EA)

4 Decodes and Analyzes .3GP, H.263 and .MP4 files

4 Checks protocol syntax

4 Analyses Encoder functions

4 Analyses Picture Fidelity (PSNR – Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)

MTS4EA Video Fidelity Analysis

4 PSNR (Peak Signal Noise Ratio)

4 Root Mean Square Error

4 Mean Square Error

4 Mean Absolute Difference

Difference

4 Sum Absolute Difference

H.324M Case Study Available Bandwidth - Impact on Video Quality

*100 b

overall call attempts

overall connected calls

successful (H.245 established) calls

average AUDIO-bitrate-RX

average AUDIO-bitrate-TX

average VIDEO-bitrate-RX

average VIDEO-bitrate-TX

Call 1 Call 2 Call 3 Call 4 Call 5

*100 b

average VIDEO-bitrate-TX

average H.223-bitrate-RX

average H.223-bitrate-TX

average Video Framerate-RX (pics/s)

average Video Framerate-TX (pics/s)

Good video experience –sufficient video bandwidth

Poor video experience –insufficient video bandwidth, Fast Update Requests can hardly be

answered

Distinctive Points

4 Tektronix solution enables to

0Carry out Performance Monitoring of network KPIs (Bitrates, Framerates, Connection Times)

0Troubleshoot Video CODEC Elementary Stream Protocol problems (Protocol syntax, Encoder functions)

0Analyze Video Picture Quality (Picture difference – PSNR Fidelity Analysis)

4We protect your investment by offering a Video Quality

Analysis solution with a software upgrade to your existing UMTS test tool

Thank YouFor Your Attendance

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