kapb smoke control in car parks

Imagine the result

Smoke control in car parks The actual situation in CEN TC 191 SC1 WG9

Jean-Claude DE SMEDT – MIFireE,MSFPE,MNFPA •  Senior Fire Safety Engineering Consultant @ ARCADIS

Belgium

•  Convener of CEN TC191 SC1 WG9 “Smoke Control in Car Parks”

About ARCADIS

What we do

Consultancy, design, engineering and management services In infrastructure, water, environment and buildings For companies and governments

Our mission

We want to be the leader in Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia for complex projects in our fields of activity

A solid partner with

healthy growth

Top 3 in Belgium for consultancy and engineering

Annual revenues in millions ! People (FTE)

Strong local presence Antwerp – Berchem Ghent Hasselt Leuven

Brussels Charleroi Luik

A worldwide network

based on strong local

positions

•  15.000 people strong and ! 2 billion in annual revenues

•  A worldwide netwerk for consistent quality to multinational clients in Europe, North and South America

•  Top 3 in Europe and top 10 worldwide •  Quoted on Euronext

Smoke control in car parks The actual situation in CEN TC 191 SC1 WG9

Both systems will be

covered by the European

standard ducted

systems as well as jet fan

systems

Scope This standard gives minimum design, installation and commissioning requirements for powered smoke and heat control systems for enclosed car parks, with or without sprinkler protection, on one or more levels, for cars and light commercial vehicles (max 3,5 T), to reach the design objectives outlined in this standard. This standard is applicable for cars powered by petrol or diesel or other fuels which will have a fire performance similar to vehicles powered by petrol or diesel. This standard only covers traditional means of single vehicle parking, that is, those car parks with cars parked alongside each other with common access roadways/lanes for cars to be driven in and out.

Scope It does not cover other forms of car parking systems, such as stacking systems. Smoke and heat control systems for lorry parks and coach parks are not covered by this standard. This standard covers systems intended 1. to provide smoke clearance after a fire (system 1), 2. to assist active fire!fighting operations (system 2), 3. to protect the means for occupants to escape from the car park (system 3) Controls of and power supplies to the smoke control system are included. This standard does not cover requirements for normal day!to!day ventilation

CEN TC191 SC1 WG9

•  So far we had 10 meetings in EUROPE and 2 more meetings planned in 2011 (Antwerp & Paris)

•  The activities started in December 2008 •  Participating countries:

Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain, The Netherlands, Luxemburg and UK

•  At this moment we have about 125 documents into our portfolio

•  A TG1 has been created within CEN TC191 SC1 WG9

•  Will deal with the parts of the standard dealing with CFD

•  Chaired by Grzegorz SZTARBALA from Poland

•  A first draft based on the Belgian Standard & British standards had been prepared and discussed

•  After discussion and analysis of this draft text we came to the conclusion that these two standards where mainly based on “inspired guesswork”and that it was not possible to adopt a calculation method as such

•  Also some problems occur when we started to discuss the Fire Sizes for cars

•  To proceed with the discussions and make a final choice regarding Fire sizes we have invited Daniel JOYEUX from EFECTIS France who had been involved into a major research program in 1999 at CTICM and Martin SHIPP from BRE - FRS who recently lead the recent research in UK

CTICM HRR BRE TESTS

•  Further to these both presentations it was agreed to use following values for HRR: •  Single burning car = 4 MW (Sprinklered

fire) •  Two cars burning = 8 MW •  Three cars burning = 10 MW

•  A 3 option approach has been suggested: •  Steady state •  Standard 3 car time dependent curve •  Special time dependent curved based on

1st and subsequent curves from CTICM

•  In order to proceed with the calculation procedure it has been agreed to adopt the method published in 1999 “Extending the principles of Impulse Ventilation in Tunnels to apply to Smoke Control in Car Parks” By •  H. P. Morgan B Sc, PhD, C Phys, M Inst

P, C Eng, F I Fire E •  B. Vanhove, ir-arch •  J-C. DeSmedt, MIFireE,MNFPA,MSFPE

•  This calculation method allows to calculate the horizontal spread of the ceiling jet under the ceiling and takes into account the type of ceiling present in the car park.

•  The velocity of the ceiling jet will vary if there is a flat ceiling,a ceiling with transversal beams or longitudinal beams

Situation with longitudinal beams Situation with a flat ceiling

Situation with transversal beams

•  We are very hopeful that in addition to the results of the CTICM research and FRS/ BRE research we also will be able to utilize the results of a large research program which takes place in Gent at Ugent which will certainly validate everything we have so far!

Fire IVRY/SEINE (level

-3)

•  This fire started in Paris on 31/10/2009 in an underground car park under a residential building was announced in the press as been a fire where 200 cars where destroyed

•  Each level had an area of 3600 m" and was separated in two area’s of about 1.800 m" separated by a fire door

•  All the levels had separated boxes where the owners could park their cars

•  This building was situated in an area where a lot of vandalism takes place and therefore most of the people did not want to park their car in the garages anymore

Fire IVRY/SEINE (level

-3)

•  Most of the garage boxes have been used as a “storage “ room(see photo’s) with a high fire risk potential

•  The investigation suspect that this fire is a “criminal” fire as they found two ignition sources

•  They have fires in this building very regularly

•  This fire lasted 5 hours

•  The fire started at level -3 and spreaded towards levels -2 & -1 through the dilatation joints and probably also through conduction in several garages baring in mind the high potential risk

Fire IVRY/SEINE (level

-3)

•  The Paris Fire Brigade have extinguished the fire by injecting foam through the ventilation ducts

•  37 cars have been destroyed by this fire (and not 200 !!) as stated in the press

No comments needed#

No comments needed#

No comments needed#

“Fire Safety & Smoke Control in a Multifunctional project including a very large car park” in Hasselt, Belgium

Design criteria

•  Smoke control: following BR186 & BR368 including NBN EN 12 101-5 for the shopping Center

•  Car Parks: following the Belgian standard NBN S21 208-2 & calculation of the ceiling jet velocity

•  Large stores: following the Belgian standard NBN S21 208-1 & NBN EN 12 101-5

•  Sprinkler system: following CEA 4001

•  Smoke Detection: following EN54-14

Fire Safety Level ’Kade’

1

700

Sm

oke

Free

Hei

ght

300

0

4500

5900

No downstand

1400

SHEVS duct

SHEVS duct

Shops Promenade

Evacuation level Promenade

Motorised dampers

Evacuation shaft

Shops Kade

Parking -1

Parking -2

SHEVS fans

3.00

m

SHEVS Shaft

Shops Kade

4.60

m

6.10

m

Sidewall sprinklers Sprinklers

SHEVS duct

Sm

oke

Free

Hei

ght

3.0

0 m

4.60

m

6.10

m

Min

. 3.5

0m

Sidewall sprinklers Sprinklers

SHEVS duct

Sm

oke

Free

Hei

ght

3.0

0 m

4.60

m

6.10

m

Min

. 3.5

0m

Sidewall sprinklers Sprinklers

SHEVS duct

First approach for SHEVS

SHEVS principle level -1

Sprinklers Jet fans

Sprinklers Impulse fans

Private parking Public parking

inductie-ventilatoren

inductie-ventilatoren

stuwkracht-ventilatoren

autobrand

schacht 1

schacht 2schacht 3

schacht 4

dwarsbalken

In/uitrit

283 m

115 m

67 m

HRR-curve

Air velocity vectors without fire Air velocity vectors with fire

Visibility

Temperature at 1.7m & 2.6m

SHEVS for level -2

SHEVS for level -3

IMAGINE THE RESULT

THANK YOU