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KESS Telemetry Cruise Report
June 17 - July 17, 2005
R/V Roger Revelle
20
05
/07
/01
UH
KE
SS
Arg
o
140°E 145°E 150°E 155°E 160°E30°N
32°N
34°N
36°N
38°N
40°N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
30
30
3030
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
60
60
60
60
60
60 60
60
60
60
60
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
150
Compiled byAndrew Greene,
Kathleen Donohue,Randy Watts,Karen Tracey,Gerry Chaplin,
and Erran Sousa
1
2
Table of Contents
1 Introduction 61.1 Summary Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 CTD Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.3 ADCP Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 Argo Float Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.5 NOAA Surface Drifter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 Tables & Plots 112.1 C-PIES/PIES Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 CTD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.3 ARGO Floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.4 NOAA Surface Drifters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3 Figures 163.1 Feature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.1.1 Potential temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163.1.2 Salinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173.1.3 Zonal velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183.1.4 Meridional velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2 CPIES Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.2.1 Taus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.2.2 Dedrifted Bottom Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213.2.3 Bottom Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2 External Data on Kuroshio Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.2.1 Satellite SST Tohoku Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233.2.2 SSH for 7/1/2005 from NLOM model output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 Ship track segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253.4 ADCP Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4.1 Along Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263.4.2 Cross Sections of the Kuroshio Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293.4.3 BT correction to HDSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Appendix 41A Daily Log by AG/DL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41B Cruise Prospectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54C UNOLS Post-Cruise Assessment Report Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61D Cruise Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64E IES Problems and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3
List of Tables
1 Start and Stop of data sets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Major gaps in ADCP data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Table of hardware and firmware information on the CPIES/PIES . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Table of position information on the CPIES/PIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Lost & recovered instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 CPIES/PIES with a bad acoustic command system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Calibration CTDs taken at CPIES/PIES sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 Argo Floats Launch Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 NOAA Surface Drifters Launch Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
List of Figures
1 Feature survey of potential temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 Feature survey of salinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Feature survey of zonal velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Feature survey of meridional velocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Time series of τ anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Time series of dedrifted bottom pressure anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Time series of bottom currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Merged SST by Tohuku University for 4/25/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 SSH for 7/1/2005 from NLOM model output with KESS array and ARGO float
displacements added by Bo Qiu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2410 Cruise track for 6/17–7/5/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2511 Cruise track for 7/5–7/16/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2512 Along track ADCP vector plots with OI mapped streamfunctions and velocity vec-
tors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2613 OI mapped total, baroclinic, and barotropic streamfunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2714 OI mapped total, baroclinic, and barotropic streamfunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2815 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 6/21–6/22/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2916 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 6/23–6/25/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3017 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/3/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3118 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/5–7/6/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3219 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/7–7/8/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3320 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/8–7/9/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3421 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/9–7/10/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3522 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/11–7/12/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3623 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/13/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3724 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed on
bathymetry for 7/14–7/15/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4
25 Zonal and meridional velocity from the ADCP & ADCP vectors superimposed onbathymetry for 7/14–7/15/2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
26 Barotropic correction applied to the HDSS 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4027 Schematic of CPIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5528 Anticipated deployment sites of CPIES/PIES and Argo floats . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5829 Physical schematic of the Kuroshio Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5
1 Introduction
1.1 Summary Overview
This was the mid-experiment cruise for KESS, conducted aboard R/V Revelle. URI had the second
leg, the subject of this report, entailing 29 working days at sea. 1 We departed from and returned
to Yokohama, Japan. Randy Watts served as Chief Scientist. The main objectives of our leg were
as follows:
1. service an array of 46 moored CPIES (current and pressure recording inverted echo sounders)
that had been deployed in the Kuroshio Extension in Summer 2004, on a grid spanning from
the southern recirculation region to the mixed water regime with site locations coordinated
with Jason satellite altimeter groundtracks;
2. collect deep CTD profiles at each CPIES site for calibration purposes;
3. collect by acoustic telemetry (simultaneous with most CTDs) the previous year’s records of
daily-processed (τ, P, (u, v)) data;
4. conduct a closely-resolved feature survey of a Kuroshio meander / ring using CTDs to 1500 m
and the deep-reaching (700 - 900+ m) Doppler current profiling capabilities of R/V Revelle.
Additional ancillary objectives included,
• launch, on behalf of co-PIs Peter Hacker and Bo Qiu (Univ. Hawaii), eight Apex-ARGO
profiling floats,
• launch ten NOAA surface drifters, and
• collect intensive atmospheric profiles of temperature, humidity, wind velocity versus pressure
across the Kuroshio Extension using 120 weather balloons with radiosondes.
We also replaced one radiometer sensor on the NOAA KEO meteorological buoy. These
objectives were entirely achieved.
The serious difficulties that we had encountered in 2004 with CPIES on the deployment cruise
appear to have been mainly fixed, with the exceptions that one instrument was silent (C5, presum-
ably dead) for unknown reasons, and two new sites (D3, N1) had non-responding acoustic command
systems, for which we deployed a duplicate instrument at D3, but had insufficient instruments to
duplicate site N1.2
1WHOI had the first leg, on which Nelson Hogg served as Chief Scientist, for servicing profiling moorings and aNOAA meterological buoy.
2Three additional sites identified in 2004 have non-responding ACS, at which time we deployed duplicate workinginstruments at those sites (F3, E6, E7).
6
However, new problems were evident, of two main sorts: battery passivation, and water-shorts
in current meter cables. Battery passivation caused 9 sites to quit sampling, variably after March
– July, typically collecting about 12 of the possible 14 months; all those sites were recovered and
replaced, and their internally-recorded record is available for processing.
• Eleven sites returned DCS cables which had leaked salt water into the jacket and caused
partial shorts between wires. Fortunately the leaks did not enter either the DCS or the PIES
electronics. Only two (S2, E4) among these sites with failed-DCS measurements had actually
quit earlier than the entire CPIES, whose System quit because of battery passivation, which
is apparently unrelated to these cable leaks. (Oddly, the small extra current drain arising
from a cable leak might help avoid battery passivation.)
• Six sites (C2, C3, D2, E1, E4, E7) were converted to PIES rather than CPIES, (an increase
from three preplanned PIES in 2004 at WHOI mooring sites, where currents were already
being measured), because the failures of the current meter cables left us without materials to
replace the DCS sensors as we redeployed PIES.
• This approach was necessitated because as the end of the cruise approached, we did not have
enough instruments to replace some sites at which only a subset of detectors were telemetering
good data:
– two sites (C1, H3) had bad (u,v) likely due to a bad cable;
– one site (H3) had questionable τ ;
– all P measurements were okay.
1.2 CTD Summary
A mooring deployment, acoustic file telemetry, and a hydrographic survey was carried out
in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region of the western North Pacific June to July 2005. The
work consisted of CPIES mooring deployments where coincident CTD profiles were collected for
calibration purposes and a high resolution feature survey with CTD/ADCP sections were taken.
The feature survey consisted of 5 KE crossings, with 4 leading into a meander crest and the other
leading into a trough. The R/V Roger Revelle departed Yokohama, Japan on June 17, 2005.
The basic CTD/hydrographic measurements consisted of salinity measurements made from bottle
samples taken on CTD casts, plus pressure, temperature and salinity from CTD profiles. Unlike the
7
previous year, the first cast of the cruise was successful and only minor adjustments were needed
along the way.
A total of 44 CPIES/PIES mooring sites were occupied by the end of the cruise (see the CPIES
table in section 2.1 of the report), 116 CTD stations were taken, and 8 profiling ARGO floats were
launched. Water samples (up to 12 bottles) and CTD data were collected from CTD casts to within
100 meters of the bottom on 36 casts, and to depths of 1500–4000 meters on the other 70 casts.
Salinity was measured from every water sample collected during CTD casts. For a more detailed
account of CTD stations versus CPIES/PIES sites refer to section 2.2 of the report.
Salinity bottle comparisons, for the several conductivity sensors that were used, showed that
agreement between conductivity sensors and with salinity bottles was outstanding. Given this, the
CTD data is essentially in final form and will need no further corrections.
1.3 ADCP Summary
Three hull mounted doppler sonar systems measured upper-ocean currents during the cruise.
Here we report the performance for the 150 kHz RD Instruments narrowband and the R/V Revelle
Hydrographic Doppler Sonar System (HDSS) 50 kHz Deep Sonar. The 140 kHz High Resolution
Sonar, part of HDSS, operated and recorded data during the cruise but data were not processed.
150 kHz RD Instruments narrowband (RDI 150) Dr. Jules Hummon, University of Hawaii
left a linux laptop, Adelie, on the R/V Revelle after a Jan/Feb 2005 CLIVAR. Adelie utilized the UH
data acquisition software to recorded single ping data. In addition, Adelie processed and displayed
the data in near real time. Processing entailed the following operations: edit and average single-ping
data into 5-minute profiles, plot the latest 5-min averages, and perform full CODAS processing on
the averaged data (including an Ashtech rotation that corrects the gyrocompass heading). These
processing steps were duplicated on a second linux machine by Erik Fields. A nearly 7-hour gap in
data acquisition occurred July 14 (Table 2). The data set begins June 16 and ends July 15 (Table
1). RDI 150 configuration was 8-m blank and pulse and 50 8-m bins. Speed of sound correction
was temperature dependent. Processing applied a 0.978 scale factor and heading misalignment
of 2.09 degrees. Typically good velocity data reached 300 m depth. Information about UH data
acquisition and CODAS processing may be found on the web site currents.soest.hawaii.edu.
HDSS 50kHz (HDSS 50) The 50kHz HDSS instrument consists of two forward facing beams
(not working at the time of the cruise) and two aft-facing beams. During the Jan/Feb 2005 CLIVAR
8
Start EndHDSS 50
06/18 02:12 07/15 01:53RDI 150
06/16 09:10 07/15 02:16
Table 1: Start and Stop of data sets.
Acquisition gap length (hours) Start EndHDSS 50
1.28 06/21 23:54 06/22 01:1120.77 07/03 05:11 07/04 01:57
RDI 1506.88 07/14 07:38 07/14 14:31
Table 2: Major gaps in ADCP data acquisition
cruise, Hummon wrote software to read the single-ping HDSS 50 data and make 5-minute averages
of the data so that the data could ultimately be processed with the CODAS processing suite.
Typically velocities were measured to at least 600 m underway and extended nearly 1000 m on
station. The system experienced two gaps: 1 hour on June 22 and 21 hours on July 3 (Table 2).
The data set begins June 18 and ends July 17 (Table 1). The initial scale factor and heading
misalignment were set to 1.0 and 0, respectively. The RDI 150 was used to adjust the HDSS 50
by matching the mean velocity between 50 and 200 m. This ’barotropic correction’ was intended
to improve the hdss 50 system which only had two working beams (Figure 26). The mean and
standard deviation of the speed correction is 8 cm s−1 and 7 cm s−1, respectively. Information
about the HDSS system maybe be found on the web site http://opg1.ucsd.edu/ hdss/.
1.4 Argo Float Summary
In conjunction with the University of Hawaii’s KESS component, eight Autonomous Profiling
Explorer (APEX) Argo floats were launched aboard the Roger Revelle. Five of the eight floats
were launched at CPIES sites that are located in the most north-northeastern, in the Mixed Water
Region (MWR), or southeastern portion of the KESS array. The general location had been pre-
selected by the University of Hawaii and final deployment positions were chosen by Randy Watts.
The remaining floats were deployed in a triangle array just northeast of site N1. The were separated
by ≈ 12 nm. For more detailed information on the launches refer to Table 2.3 of this document.
The Argo floats deployed last year have become entrained in the recirculation gyre believed to
exist to the south of the Kuroshio Extension Current, where subtropical mode water (≈ 17.5◦C)
9
is found. Over the next three years they should serve as ”roving hydrographers”, many of which
hopefully will remain within this gyre and the MWR. Each APEX Argo float was equipped with a
SBE CTD profiler. The floats will periodically ascend to transmit their location and the CTD data
gained during its ascension to the ARGOS satellite. In between these vertical profiles, the floats
will descend to a parking depth of 2000m, where the currents are expected to be weak. The Argo
floats are considered expendable and no effort will be made to retrieve them.
1.5 NOAA Surface Drifter Summary
As part of NOAA’s global surface drifter program, we deployed 10 drifters aboard the R/V
Roger Revelle. The deployments were separated as evenly as possible in space and time and were
subject to the ever changing cruise plan. The surface drifters measure sea surface temperature and
pressure. It floats in the water and is powered by batteries located in the dome. The drifter data
that are collected including location with a GPS, are sent to a satellite and then to a land station
where we can all access the data. These drifters combined with the Argo floats should provide a
good Lagrangian description of the Kuroshio Extension region.
10
2 Tables
2.1 C-PIES/PIES Sites
Site
SN
#
Goo
d/
Bad
5 m
in.
offs
etT
ELE
MX
PN
DB
EA
RE
L
DC
S
Min
utes
AC
S
Firm
war
e
Num
ber
Tim
ed R
elea
sed
A2
145
G65
6973
1720
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/19
8
B1
151
G65
6973
2320
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/20
16
B2
152
Unk
now
n66
7074
2720
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/20
8
B3
148
G65
6973
2020
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/13
8
B4
164
G66
7074
360
11.7
5IE
Se4
_5_1
2.A
PP
2006
/10/
13 1
6
B5
167
G66
7074
3920
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/19
0
C1
153
Bad
u,v
6771
7525
20N
oIE
Se4
_5_1
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
21 0
C2
68G
6670
744
0N
oIE
Se5
_7_9
.AP
P20
06/1
0/09
8
C3
6350
% ta
usY
es67
7175
630
No
IES
e5_7
_9.A
PP
2006
/10/
09 1
6
C3
124
Bad
u,v
6569
7360
20N
oIE
Se4
_5_1
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
09 1
6
C4
144
G67
7175
1620
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/13
0
C5
116
G66
7074
5220
11.7
5IE
Se5
_6_2
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
14 1
C6
173
G66
7074
4520
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/18
16
D1
157
G65
6973
2920
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/21
16
D2
155
G66
7074
270
No
IES
e5_6
_28.
AP
P20
06/1
0/09
0
D3
104
GY
es66
7074
4020
No
IES
e5_6
_21.
AP
P20
06/1
0/10
2
D4
105
G64
6872
00
No
IES
e4_5
_12.
AP
P20
06/1
0/12
16
D5
111
G67
7175
4720
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/14
8
D6
101
G66
7074
3720
No
IES
e5_6
_21.
AP
P20
06/1
0/18
8
E1
122
G66
7074
580
No
IES
e5_7
_9.A
PP
2006
/10/
21 1
6
E2
162
G67
7175
3420
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/22
8
E3
121
G65
6973
5720
No
IES
e4_5
_9.A
PP
2006
/10/
08 8
E4
137
GY
es66
7074
90
No
IES
e5_7
_9.A
PP
2006
/10/
10 8
E5
143
?abl
e P
msb
6670
7415
20N
oIE
Se4
_5_1
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
12 8
E6
146
N66
7074
1820
BA
DIE
Se4
_5_1
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
14 1
6
E6
156
GY
es67
7175
2820
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/14
17
E7
110
N66
7074
4620
BA
DIE
Se4
_5_1
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
17 1
6
E7
170
GY
es66
7074
420
No
IES
e5_6
_28.
AP
P20
06/1
0/17
17
F1
114
G67
7175
5020
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/22
0
F2
102
G67
7175
3820
No
IES
e5_6
_21.
AP
P20
06/1
0/08
2
F3
134
GY
es66
7074
60
No
IES
e4_5
_12.
AP
P20
06/1
0/10
17
F3
147
N67
7175
190
BA
DIE
S6e
4_5_
12.A
PP
2006
/10/
10 1
6
F4
142
G65
6973
1420
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/12
0
F5
158
G66
7074
3020
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/15
0
F6
174
G67
7175
4620
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/16
16
G1
115
G65
6973
5120
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/06
8
G2
119
G66
7074
5520
No
IES
e4_5
_9.A
PP
2006
/10/
07 1
6
G3
138
G67
7175
1020
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/11
0
G4
109
G65
6973
4520
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/11
16
G5
149
fair
tau'
s66
7074
2120
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/15
8
G6
107
G66
7074
4320
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/16
8
H2
118
G65
6973
5420
No
IES
e4_5
_6.A
PP
2006
/10/
06/ 1
6
H3
112
fair
tau'
s65
6973
4810
11.7
5-12
.0IE
Se4
_25_
4.A
PP
2006
/10/
07 8
H4
132
G67
7175
420
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/11
8
H5
168
G67
7175
4020
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/16
0
H6
166
G65
6973
3820
No
IES
e4_5
_11.
AP
P20
06/1
0/15
16
I116
3G
6569
7335
20N
oIE
Se4
_5_1
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
08 1
6
N1
45G
Yes
6771
7545
11.7
5IE
Se5
_6_2
1.A
PP
2006
/10/
19 1
5
S1
36G
Yes
6771
7536
No
IES
e5_4
_12.
AP
P20
06/1
0/04
22
S2
43ba
d ta
u's
Yes
6569
7343
No
IES
e5_4
_12.
AP
P20
06/1
0/05
10
Table 3: Table of hardware and firmware information on the CPIES/PIES
11
Site
SN
#
Go
od
/
Ba
d
La
un
ch
Da
teL
atit
Lo
ng
De
pth
(m)
La
un
ch
Tim
e (
Z)
Bo
tto
m
Tim
e (
Z)
CP
IES
YE
S/N
O
A2
14
5G
5/2
7/2
00
43
7 4
8.5
18
51
47
51
.93
55
56
89
2:2
03
:38
B1
15
1G
5/1
8/2
00
43
7 0
6.3
11
44
34
.26
55
68
4:0
9:0
05
:26
:00
B2
15
2u
nkn
ow
n5
/17
/20
04
37
06
.25
38
14
5 3
0.8
60
75
42
52
1:2
6:0
02
2:4
0:0
0
B3
14
8G
5/1
7/2
00
43
7 0
6.1
71
46
27
.53
55
96
12
:40
:00
13
:58
:00
B4
16
4G
5/1
7/2
00
43
7 0
6.1
51
47
24
.22
56
44
5:1
46
:24
NO
B5
16
7G
5/2
5/2
00
43
7 0
6.0
88
11
48
20
.91
05
57
22
23
:02
0:2
2
C1
15
3b
ad
u,v
5/1
8/2
00
43
6 2
1.1
11
44
05
.44
56
17
11
:27
:00
12
:45
:00
C2
68
G7
/14
/20
05
36
20
.89
14
5 3
.19
57
61
2:4
04
:30
NO
C3
12
4b
ad
u,v
5/1
2/2
00
43
6 2
0.8
21
45
59
.25
55
67
11
:25
12
:37
C3
6
35
0%
ta
us
7/1
1/2
00
53
6 2
0.8
11
45
59
.27
55
67
9:4
71
1:0
0N
O
C4
14
4G
5/1
6/2
00
43
6 2
0.7
88
31
46
55
.25
60
56
31
21
:16
22
:34
C5
11
6G
6/2
8/2
00
53
6 2
0.7
91
47
53
.19
57
98
16
:27
17
:45
C6
17
3G
5/2
5/2
00
43
6 2
0.7
31
48
51
.08
58
88
12
:45
14
:06
D1
15
7G
5/1
8/2
00
43
5 2
5.9
92
81
43
31
.22
00
57
19
20
:43
:00
22
:02
:00
D2
15
5G
7/1
4/2
00
53
5 3
5.2
14
4 3
4.4
57
65
15
:58
17
:10
NO
D3
10
4G
6/2
4/2
00
53
5 3
5.4
21
45
31
.58
58
49
13
:53
15
:20
D4
10
5G
5/1
6/2
00
43
5 3
5.2
81
46
26
.97
59
69
3:4
75
:00
NO
D5
11
1G
5/1
6/2
00
43
5 3
5.2
41
47
24
.24
58
45
9:2
71
0:4
8
D6
10
1G
6/2
9/2
00
53
5 3
5.2
18
14
8 2
1.4
75
94
50
:59
2:2
5
E1
12
2G
7/1
5/2
00
53
4 4
9.6
51
43
9.3
05
30
51
2:3
81
4:2
3N
O
E2
16
2G
5/1
9/2
00
43
4 4
9.5
92
14
4 0
5.8
15
75
49
:07
:00
10
:27
:00
E3
12
1G
5/1
1/2
00
43
4 4
9.6
01
45
02
.59
58
85
8:3
89
:58
E4
13
7G
7/1
2/2
00
53
4 4
9.6
14
5 5
9.6
59
35
8:2
59
:49
NO
E5
14
3?
ab
le P
msb
5/1
5/2
00
43
4 4
9.2
57
01
46
55
.68
31
58
00
21
:31
22
:50
E6
15
6G
5/2
0/2
00
43
4 4
9.4
88
14
7 5
2.5
44
59
43
3:4
15
:04
E7
17
0G
7/6
/20
05
34
49
.50
14
8 4
9.2
26
12
72
3:0
60
:26
NO
F2
10
2G
6/2
5/2
00
53
3 5
5.1
51
44
37
.37
57
82
22
:14
23
:35
F3
13
4G
5/1
5/2
00
43
4 0
0.6
11
45
30
.28
57
96
7:0
78
:25
NO
F4
14
2G
5/1
4/2
00
43
4 0
0.6
41
11
46
28
.21
99
58
47
23
:48
1:0
9
F5
15
8G
5/2
3/2
00
43
4 0
0.6
01
47
24
.25
60
34
14
:08
15
:31
F6
17
4G
5/2
4/2
00
43
3 5
0.9
96
51
48
14
.68
42
61
96
0:4
52
:07
G1
11
5G
5/2
9/2
00
43
3 1
1.4
41
44
06
.43
54
65
12
:39
13
:55
G2
11
9G
5/1
0/2
00
43
3 1
1.4
61
45
01
.92
58
00
13
:07
14
:27
G3
13
8G
5/1
3/2
00
43
3 1
1.4
97
61
45
59
.25
70
57
33
22
:59
0:2
3
G4
10
9fa
ir t
au
's5
/14
/20
04
33
11
.53
14
6 5
6.5
25
94
91
2:0
11
3:2
3
G5
14
9G
5/2
3/2
00
43
3 1
1.4
81
47
51
.98
62
33
4:2
25
:48
H2
11
8G
5/9
/20
04
32
22
.19
14
4 3
4.1
75
69
51
2:1
41
3:3
3
H3
11
2fa
ir t
au
's4
/29
/20
04
32
22
.24
14
5 3
0.8
75
84
51
6:5
31
8:1
1
H4
13
2re
cpt.
pro
b.
5/1
4/2
00
43
2 2
2.2
61
46
27
.56
59
57
5:2
96
:49
H5
16
8G
5/2
2/2
00
43
2 2
2.2
46
71
47
24
.25
28
60
35
21
:57
23
:20
H6
16
6G
5/2
2/2
00
43
2 2
2.3
31
48
20
.99
57
44
7:2
48
:43
I1
16
3G
5/2
8/2
00
43
1 2
9.4
51
71
44
05
.23
39
58
69
23
:33
0:5
4
N1
45
G7
/4/2
00
53
8 3
0.8
71
48
20
.47
57
03
14
:20
15
:42
S1
36
G6
/18
/20
05
30
01
.13
14
3 1
8.3
15
86
71
8:0
71
9:3
3
S2
43
ba
d t
au
's6
/19
/20
05
30
36
.67
14
3 3
6.9
85
69
16
:29
7:3
8
Table 4: Table of position information on the CPIES/PIES
12
Site SN #
Lost/
Recovered
Launch
Latit
Launch
Long
Date
Released
Released
Time (Z)
C2 131 R 36 20.89 145 3.16 7/14/2005 1:02C5 171 L 36 20.75 147 53.17 6/28/2005 11:54C5 45 R 36 20.70 147 53.36 6/28/2005 15:42D2 122 R 35 35.3033 144 34.2218 7/12/2005 14:58D6 155 R 35 35.2256 148 21.5053 6/28/2005 22:53E1 161 R 34 49.597 143 9.149 7/15/2005 11:42E4 68 R 34 49.59 145 59.27 7/12/2005 5:45E7 170 R 34 49.47 148 49.19 7/2/2005 20:57F1 114 R 34 0.577 143 26.017 7/15/2005 20:42F2 136 R 33 55.1509 144 37.4006 6/25/2005 20:12G6 107 R 33 11.4715 148 47.3451 7/2/2005 4:50
H3 63 R 33 22.24 145 30.87 6/20/2005 9:53S1 101 R 30 00.93 143 18.149 6/18/2005 23:31
S2 102 R 30 36.55 143 36.86 6/19/2005 10:28
Table 5: Lost & recovered instruments
Site SN #
Launch
Date Latit Long
Depth
(m)
CPIES
YES/NO Timed Release
Sampling
(Yes/No)
Failure
Year
C5 171 5/25/2004 36 20.75 147 53.17 5846 2006/10/18 16 No 2005
E7 110 5/20/2004 34 49.52 148 49.16 6110 2006/10/17 16 2004
N1 160 5/26/2004 38 30.76 148 20.32 5687 2006/10/19 16 2005
E6 146 5/20/2004 34 49.5032 147 52.5613 5943 2006/10/14 16 2004
F3 147 5/13/2004 34 00.62 145 30.28 5815 No 2006/10/10 16 2004
D3 150 5/12/2004 35 35.324 145 31.506 5849 2006/10/10 0 2005
Table 6: CPIES/PIES with a bad acoustic command system
13
2.2 CTD
Site
SN
#
CT
D
Sta
tion #
CT
D
Cast #
Be
fore
/Aft
er
La
un
ch
Dee
p/S
hallo
w
Go
od
/No
t G
ood
S1
36
11
S2
43
21
ba
d t
au's
I1163
31
H3
63
41
H2
11
85
1
G1
115
61
E3
12
17
1
C3
12
48
1B
ad
u,v
B3
148
91
B4
164
10
1
C4
144
11
1
D4
105
12
1
D3
104
13
1
E4
68
14
1B
efo
reB
ad u
,v
F3
134
15
1
F2
102
16
1
G2
119
17
1
G3
138
18
1
F4
14
219
1
E5
143
20
1?a
ble
Pm
sb
D5
111
21
1
C5
116
22
1B
efo
reS
ha
llow
(3
00
0 m
)
D6
101
23
1
E6
15
624
1
F6
158
25
1
G4
109
26
1fa
ir t
au's
H4
132
27
1
H5
168
28
1
G5
149
29
1
H6
166
30
1
F6
174
31
1
C6
173
32
1
B5
167
33
1
A2
145
34
1
N1
45
35
1
E7
170
54
1S
hallo
w (
30
00
m)
B5
167
72
140
00
m
C3
63
97
140
00
m5
0%
ta
us
E4
137
105
140
00
m
E2
16
211
01
400
0 m
D2
155
111
14
00
0 m
C2
68
112
140
00
m
B1
15
111
31
400
0 m
C1
153
114
15
00
0 m
Ba
d u
,v
D1
157
115
15
00
0 m
E1
12
211
61
400
0 m
Table 7: Calibration CTDs taken at CPIES/PIES sites
14
2.3 Argo Floats
float
number
date
(GMT)
time
(GMT)latitude longitude C-PIES site launched by
2095 6/23/2005 2:36 37 6.22 146 27.75 B3 Randy Watts and Andy Greene
2094 7/1/2005 21:53 32 22.74 148 21.23 H6 Andy Greene and Scott Hiller
2101 7/2/2005 6:45 33 11.45 148 47.25 G6 Andy Greene and David Lishego
2100 7/4/2005 5:05 37 48.518 147 51.94 A2 Randy Watts and David Lishego
2085 7/4/2005 14:29 38 31.02 148 20.67 N1 Randy Watts and David Lishego
2086 7/4/2005 17:42 38 42.04 148 27.97 N1-N2 Andy Greene and Scott Hiller
2084 7/4/2005 18:24 38 48.00 148 31.81 N1-N2 Andy Greene and Scott Hiller
2087 7/4/2005 19:05 38 48.03 148 22.94 N1-N2 Andy Greene and Scott Hiller
Table 8: Argo Floats Launch Information
2.4 NOAA Surface Drifters
ID # Date Time (Z)
Launch
Latit (N)
Launch
Long (E)
54688 6/19/2005 1:38 30 01.19 143 18.35
54676 6/22/2005 1:52 34 49.56 145 02.35
54673 6/25/2005 15:50 34 00.61 145 30.19
54674 6/29/2005 18:22 36 20.78 147 53.23
54690 7/1/2005 23:57 32 22.74 148 21.23
54675 7/3/2005 20:47 37 06.13 148 20.89
54691 7/4/2005 19:05 38 48.01 148 22.91
54677 7/8/2005 17:12 37 06.11 148 21.16
54689 7/11/2005 16:06 35 59.99 145 59.25
54692 7/15/2005 23:11 34 00.37 143 19.231
Table 9: NOAA Surface Drifters Launch Information
15
3 Figures
3.1 Feature Survey
3.1.1 Potential temperature
dept
h [m
]
61014
1820
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
potential temperature [°C]
a
0 50 100 150 200
0
500
1000
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
b
dept
h [m
]
0 50 100 150 200
0
500
1000
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
c
dept
h [m
]
0 50 100 150 200
0
500
1000
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
d
dept
h [m
]
0 50 100 150
0
500
1000
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
e
dept
h [m
]
distance [km]0 50 100
0
500
1000
a b c d e
145.5oE 147.5oE 149.5oE34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
Figure 1: Potential temperature (◦C) contoured against depth and latitude (left panel) for the fivesurvey sections (a) through (e) shown in the map (right panel). Dashed and solid vertical linessuperimposed on the contour plots are dynamic height values at 100 m referenced to 1000 m indynamic meters.
16
3.1.2 Salinityde
pth
[m]
34.234.2
34.634.834
34.4
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
salinity
a
0 50 100 150 200
0
500
1000
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
b
dept
h [m
]
0 50 100 150 200
0
500
1000
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
c
dept
h [m
]
0 50 100 150 200
0
500
1000
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
d
dept
h [m
]
0 50 100 150
0
500
1000
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
e
dept
h [m
]
distance [km]0 50 100
0
500
1000
a b c d e
145.5oE 147.5oE 149.5oE34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
Figure 2: Salinity contoured against depth and latitude (left panel) for the five survey sections (a)through (e) shown in the map (right panel). Dashed and solid vertical lines superimposed on thecontour plots are dynamic height values at 100 m referenced to 1000 m in dynamic meters.
17
3.1.3 Zonal velocity 9
7
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
zonal velocity [cms −1]
a
dept
h [m
]
34.5oN35oN35.5oN36oN
0
500
1000
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
c
dept
h [m
]
35.5oN36oN36.5oN
0
500
1000
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
d
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
0
500
1000
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
e
dept
h [m
]
35.8oN36.3oN36.8oN
0
500
1000
a c d e
145.5oE 147.5oE 149.5oE34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
Figure 3: Zonal velocity (cm s−1) contoured against depth and latitude (left panel) for the foursurvey sections (a) and (c) through (e) shown in the map ( right panel). Dashed and solid verticallines superimposed on the contour plots are dynamic height values at 100 m referenced to 1000 min dynamic meters. Note that CI = 20 cm s−1.
18
3.1.4 Meridional velocity 9
7
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
meridional velocity [cms −1]
a
dept
h [m
]
34.5oN35oN35.5oN36oN
0
500
1000
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
c
dept
h [m
]
35.5oN36oN36.5oN
0
500
1000
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
d
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
0
500
1000
1.1
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
e
dept
h [m
]
35.8oN36.3oN36.8oN
0
500
1000
a c d e
145.5oE 147.5oE 149.5oE34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
Figure 4: Meridional velocity (cm s−1) contoured against depth and latitude (left panel) for thefour survey sections (a) and (c) through (e) shown in the map (right panel). Dashed and solidvertical lines superimposed on the contour plots are dynamic height values at 100 m referenced to1000 m in dynamic meters. Note that CI = 20 cm s−1.
19
3.2 CPIES Data
3.2.1 Taus
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
D1
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
E1
200 400−0.02
0
0.02
days
sec
F1
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
B1
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
C1
D2
E2
F2
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
G1
200 400−0.02
0
0.02
days
sec
I1
C2
E3
F3
G2
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
H2
200 400days
S1
B3
C3
D4
E4
F4
G3
H3
200 400days
S2
−0.02
0
0.02
sec
A2
travel time B4
C4
D5
E5
F5
G4
200 400days
H4
B5
D6
E6
F6
G5
200 400days
H5
C6
E7
G6
200 400days
H6
Figure 5: Time series of τ anomaly in seconds plotted according to approximate geographic location.Site number noted in the upper left corner of each subplot.
20
3.2.2 Dedrifted Bottom Pressures
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
D1
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
E1
200 400−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
days
dbar
F1
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
B1
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
C1
D2
E2
F2
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
G1
200 400−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
days
dbar
I1
C2
E3
F3
G2
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
H2
200 400days
S1
B3
C3
D4
E4
F4
G3
H3
200 400days
S2
−0.4
−0.2
0
0.2
dbar
A2
pressure B4
C4
D5
E5
F5
G4
200 400days
H4
B5
D6
E6
F6
G5
200 400days
H5
C6
E7
G6
200 400days
H6
Figure 6: Time series of dedrifted bottom pressure anomaly in dbars plotted according to approx-imate geographic location. Site number noted in the upper left corner of each subplot.
21
3.2.3 Bottom Currents
−20
0
20
cm/s
D1
−20
0
20
cm/s
E1
200 400
−20
0
20
days
cm/s
F1
−20
0
20
cm/s
B1
−20
0
20
cm/s
C1
D2
E2
F2
−20
0
20
cm/s
G1
200 400
−20
0
20
days
cm/s
I1
C2
E3
G2
−20
0
20
cm/s
H2
200 400days
S1
B3
C3
E4
F4
G3
H3
200 400days
S2
−20
0
20
cm/s
A2
currentsu, v
C4
D5
E5
F5
G4
200 400days
H4
B5
D6
E6
F6
G5
200 400days
H5
C6
E7
G6
200 400days
H6
Figure 7: Time series of bottom currents, u and v, in centimeters per second plotted according toapproximate geographic location. Site number noted in the upper left corner of each subplot.
22
3.3 External Data on Kuroshio Paths
3.3.1 Satellite SST Tohoku Model
Blended SST from Tohoku U. 04/25/2005
140 142 144 146 148 150
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Figure 8: Merged SST (MODIS, AVHRR, and AMSR-E) generated by Tohoku University,http://www.ocean.caos.tohoku.ac.jp/merge/sstbinary/actvalbm.cgi
23
3.3.2 SSH for 7/1/2005 from NLOM model output
20
05
/07
/01
UH
KE
SS
Arg
o
140°E 145°E 150°E 155°E 160°E30°N
32°N
34°N
36°N
38°N
40°N
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
00
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
60
60
60
60
60
60 60
60
60
60
60
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
90
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
150
Figure 9: SSH for 7/1/2005 from NLOM model output with KESS array and ARGO float displace-ments added by Bo Qiu.
24
3.4 Ship Track Segments
Longitude
Latit
ude
6/17−7/5/2005
140oE 142oE 144oE 146oE 148oE 150oE 30oN
32oN
34oN
36oN
38oN
40oN
6/17
6/21
6/286/22
6/25
7/5
Figure 10: R/V Roger Revelle: Watts/Donohue KESS cruise track for June 17–July 5, 2005
Longitude
Latit
ude
7/5−716/2005
140oE 142oE 144oE 146oE 148oE 150oE 30oN
32oN
34oN
36oN
38oN
40oN
7/5
7/6
7/8
7/9
7/10
7/16
Figure 11: R/V Roger Revelle: Watts/Donohue KESS cruise track for July 5–16, 2005
25
3.5 ADCP Plots
3.5.1 Along Track
143 144 145 146 147 148 149 15030
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
50kHz (ref to NB150) mean 80−240m 184 2005−07−04
τdecay
=21 days
longitude ( oE)
latit
ude
(oN
)
1 m/s
ψ (km m/s)
−50 0 50
Figure 12: Along track ADCP vector plots (black and grey arrows) with OI mapped streamfunctionsand velocity vectors (white arrows).
26
144 146 148 15030
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38total
144 146 148 15030
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38bc
144 146 148 15030
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38total−bc
date 2005−07−04 (184) τ
decay=21 days
ψ (km m/s)
−50 0 50
Figure 13: Total, baroclinic, and barotropic streamfunctions. The total streamfunction was calcu-lated from an OI of shipboard ADCP, the baroclinic portions were derived from CTD data, andthe barotropic is the difference of the two.
27
143 144 145 14633
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5total
143 144 145 14633
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5bc
143 144 145 14633
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5total−bc
date 2005−07−14 (194) τ
decay=21 days
ψ (km m/s)
−50 0 50
Figure 14: Total, baroclinic, and barotropic streamfunctions. The total streamfunction was calcu-lated from an OI of shipboard ADCP, the baroclinic portions were derived from CTD data, andthe barotropic is the difference of the two.
28
3.5.2 Cross Sections of the Kuroshio Extension
zonal velocity 2005/06/21 12:09:16 to 2005/06/22 23:54:17
dept
h [m
]
34oN34.5oN35oN35.5oN36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/06/21 12:09:16 to 2005/06/22 23:54:17
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 15: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
29
zonal velocity 2005/06/23 06:53:48 to 2005/06/25 19:23:37
dept
h [m
]
34oN34.5oN35oN35.5oN36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/06/23 06:53:48 to 2005/06/25 19:23:37
34oN34.5oN35oN35.5oN36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 16: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
30
zonal velocity 2005/07/03 01:13:52 to 2005/07/03 23:54:13
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/03 01:13:52 to 2005/07/03 23:54:13
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 17: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
31
zonal velocity 2005/07/05 04:57:11 to 2005/07/06 04:39:29
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/05 04:57:11 to 2005/07/06 04:39:29
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 18: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
32
zonal velocity 2005/07/07 12:09:26 to 2005/07/08 19:09:19
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/07 12:09:26 to 2005/07/08 19:09:19
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 19: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
33
zonal velocity 2005/07/08 19:24:20 to 2005/07/09 19:09:10
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/08 19:24:20 to 2005/07/09 19:09:10
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 20: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
34
zonal velocity 2005/07/09 19:24:10 to 2005/07/10 19:09:01
dept
h [m
]
36oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/09 19:24:10 to 2005/07/10 19:09:01
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 21: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
35
zonal velocity 2005/07/11 19:22:28 to 2005/07/12 23:56:52
dept
h [m
]
35oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/11 19:22:28 to 2005/07/12 23:56:52
35oN
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 22: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
36
zonal velocity 2005/07/13 09:56:27 to 2005/07/13 23:56:42
dept
h [m
]
35oN35.5oN36oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/13 09:56:27 to 2005/07/13 23:56:42
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 23: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
37
zonal velocity 2005/07/14 09:56:14 to 2005/07/15 09:26:04
dept
h [m
]
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/14 09:56:14 to 2005/07/15 09:26:04
36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 24: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
38
zonal velocity 2005/07/14 09:41:15 to 2005/07/15 14:11:09
dept
h [m
]
35oN35.5oN36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
dept
h [m
]
meridional velocity 2005/07/14 09:41:15 to 2005/07/15 14:11:09
35oN35.5oN36oN36.5oN37oN
200
400
600
800
1000
50 to 130 m average
142oE 143oE 144oE 145oE 146oE 147oE 148oE 149oE 150oE 151oE 152oE 34oN
35oN
36oN
37oN
38oN
100 cm s−1
Figure 25: Upper panels: zonal (top) and meridional (middle) velocity from the ADCP. Lowerpanel: ADCP average velocity vectors superimposed on Smith & Sandwell bathymetry contouredevery 1000 m.
39
3.5.3 BT Correction to HDSS
165 170 175 180 185 190 195 2000.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
u correction blue, v correction grn
days
velo
cit
y [
m s
1]
165 170 175 180 185 190 195 2000
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
speed correction
days
velo
cit
y [
m s
1]
Figure 26: Barotropic correction applied to the HDSS 50. Upper panel: zonal (blue) and meridional(green) velocity. Lower panel: speed.
40
top related