khutba hajjatul wida last sermon of holy prophet pbuh
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By Muhammad Ali Khan
KHUTBA HAJJATUL WIDALAST SERMON OF HOLY PROPHET PBUH
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About Hujaat-al-wida
Fatah-e-Makkah 8th AH
Hajj was made Obligatory 9th AH (6 March 632 AH)
Hazrat Abu Bakkar RA first Ameer-e-Hajj
Sura-e-Tuba/Barrt revelead after Fatah-e-Makkah
This Hajj/Hajj-ul-Islam/hall Ul Bilagh was called Hajj-e-
Akbar(Sura Tuba Aya-3)
Sermon Delivered on 9th Zulhajj in Arfat
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Thematic Note
Principles of Civilization and Social Life Human Rights Guidelines for International Peace Brotherhood Peaceful co-existance Social Justice and Social Equality
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Khutba Hajjatul Wida4
It is considered as the first comprehensive charter of Human Rights delivered by the Prophet (SAW) on the occasion of Last Pilgrimage he performed.
It is the essence of the teaching of the Quran and Sunnah and provides essential foundations for establishment of an Islamic Welfare State.
Sections 2,3, 5,8,12,13,33,34,37,38,43, of this Khutba provide the foundation of a Welfare State.
The ingredients of the Khutba are scattered in Hadith and Seerah books.
Prominent scholar of Islamic history, Professor Dr. Nisar Ahmad, Ex-Dean of Arts, Karachi University, has compiled the whole Khutba in his Urdu book ‘Khutba Hajjatul Wida’.
A complete Code
Part A Introductory Part B Equality Part C Protection Part D Social and Economic Code Part E Women Rights and Rights to
Slaves Part F Sources of Law Part G Faiths and Completion of Deen
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A-Introductory6
Introduction- Praise to Allah7
PART-AAll praise be to Allah, in whose deference do we pay homage and from Whom we ask help and forgiveness. It is to Him that we turn and ask for refuge from our carnal mischief and wrong doings.
Whomever Allah guides can never turn astray and one who is mislead by Him can never be solicited or guided
And I bear witness that there is no God but Allah, the One, having no partner with Him, in either image or symbols. And I Muhammad am His Bondsman and His Messenger.
Ye People_huminity8
A. Ye people:
Listen to my words carefully and mark them, for who knows after
this year we may never meet at this place again.
B. Ye People of God:
I don’t know whether another year will be vouchsafed to me after
this year to find myself amongst you.
C. Ye People:
Observe silence, you might not be able to see me next year.
Cont…9
D. Ye People:
Behold! I want to explain with elaboration everything, as perhaps
after this year I might not be able to meet you ever.
E. People:
Learn every aspect pertaining to the rite of Hajj from me, for I may
not be vouchsafed another pilgrimage.
F. May Allah nurture him with His Blessing, who listened to what I
said, and disseminated it to others, as at times one who listens may
not be wise, and the one to whom it is disseminated may be wiser.
B- equality10
Equality-First Message11
Observe! Every one is equal.
There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab and of a non-
Arab over an Arab. Neither a black over a white nor a white over a
black has any superiority and distinction over each other except on
the basis of piety and fear of God
Equality12
Section.1 Equality
You have one Lord and one father. You are all a progeny of Adam and Adam was created from clay.
Verily in the sight of Allah, the most honorable amongst you is the one who is most God fearing without doubt He knoweth all.
Section.2People of God. I will you to fear Allah and order you to yield and worship Him and
initiate my Address with this virtuous word.
All previous obligation were quashed
Section.3 Know that! Age of darkness and ignorance is quashed under my
heels. Now all signs of ignorance have been eliminated and made to halt
1.Beware! Everything related to the people of ignorance is under my (these two) feet
2. Behold! All practices of the days of ignorance like blood (revenges) illegally possessed property and other signs of days of ignorance (familial and inheritable pride) lie quashed under my heels till the Day of Judgment
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Qasas and Diyat as Right14
Every claim of privilege whether that of blood or property, is under my heels except that of the custody of the Ka’ba and supplying of water to the pilgrims Qatle Amad or murder would be avenged. Under the definition
of Qatle Amad would fall murders committed by a staff or a stone and the Diyat or compensation is hundred camels. (camel today ?)
Anyone who asks for more in compensation he would be included amongst the ignorant
Abolishing Riba And every type of interest from this day here in is declared wiped
out and prohibited, although you have a right to get back your principal sum, so that neither you nor the borrower is in deficit. Allah has decided against interest.
Qasas and Riba15
5. And all interest based on business are made to be evil – (And as far as Abbas bin Abdul Mutalib is concerned, his relation to interest is frozen)
6.And the blood revenges of the days of ignorance are extinguished and prohibited from now – (and with this I forgive the first blood revenge of my family that of Rabaita’s (Bin Al Haris bin Abdul Mutalib) child who was murdered by Banu Hazil knowingly.Thus I as a pioneer volunteer to forgive the blood split during the days of ignorance
Halal Haram by Allah16
7.Ye people! a) Without doubt ‘Nasai’ (tempering with months)
envisages disbelief and Kufr and the disbelievers are lead astray due to this For one month (due to personal interest or psychological
interest) they proclaim a month as Halal & when the interest subsides, they cause the same month next year as Haram, so that the number of Haram months proclaimed by Allah are fulfilled superficially. Thus this is how they temper with Allah’s proclaimed Halal months and turn them into Haram and violate the sacred months
Halal and Haram by Allah17
b) Now the time has completed its cycle and has come a square round from the day the universe started from its creation.
To Allah there are twelve months, four are sacred and inviolable, three of which follow consecutively:
(Zil Qad, Zil Hajj and Muharram)) and one occurs singularly and separately (i.e. Rajab) which is also known as Shahr Mazr; and which occurs between Jamadiul Sani and Shaban.
And the month may consist of 29 or of 30 days. Say if you have understood me.
To which the crowd affirmed in positive. And then the Holy Prophet (SAW) exclaimed God as his
witness.
C- Protection18
Protection of Life, Property Honor19
c) Listen; Hajj / pilgrimage would remain associated with the month of Zil Hajj till the Day of Judgment
Section.4 People! Do you know on which day, of which month, of which place
/city you are assembled. Every one replied: on sacred day, at sacred city and on sacred month. To which the Holy Prophet (SAW) assured verily your blood are sacred and inviolable on each other.
Section.5 And your property and possession
Cont….20
Section.6 And your honor
Section.7 And your flesh (skin, body) including is sacred and inviolable on
each other, until you appear before your Lord, as the sacred inviolability of this day of yours this month of yours, and this town of yours
Verily you will meet your Lord and you will be held answerable for your actions
D- Social And Economic Codes21
No transgression of unjust treatment-Peaceful Social Life
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Section.8 Peaceful Social Life Listen to me and you will attain real Life, but conditional
upon the following: Beware! Do not transgress upon each other Observe! Do not misbehave or be unjust with each
other Understand it for sure!Do not commit misbehavior
upon each other
Brotherhood and Social linkage23
Section.9 People of God! Listen to me and understand verily every
Muslim is the brother of the other Muslim and all the Muslims form one brotherhood
Section.10 Beware ! Every Muslim is honorable and sacred for the
other MuslimSection.11
And every believer is sacred upon the other believer (like this day which also has a sanctity):
Social Code24
(i) His flesh is sacred upon the other;(ii) And backbiting, thus would amount to eating the flesh of the
other;(iii) And one’s honor is sacred and cannot be violated;(iv) And one’s face is sacred for another and cannot be physically
violated;(v) And to cause pain is forbidden;(vi) And this too is forbidden that in order to cause one pain, he is
pushed;(vii) And this too is prohibited upon one Muslim to disregard the blood
of another as Halal;(viii) Nothing of his brother is lawful for a Muslim except what he
himself gives willingly.So do not wrong yourself; (And should I tell you who is a real Muslim?)
Definition of Muslim and Believer25
Section.12
Muslim is one from whose hands and tongue the others are protected
Section.13
And believer is in fact one from whom the life and property of
others is secure
Section.14
And migrant in essence is one who has excluded or divested
himself from sins and wrong doings
Economic Codes-Repayment of Debts26
Section.15
And ‘Mujahid’ is one who for the grace of God, fights and struggles
within against his carnal desires
Section.16
It is incumbent upon a borrower that ‘All borrowed property’ must be
returned
Section.17
All debts must be repaid
Socio-Economic Codes27
Section.18
All borrowed items must be returned.
Section.19
Donations/Trusts must be returned.
Section.20
Guarantor must be responsible for the guaranteed sum or
surety
Personal Responsibility of all deeds28
Section.21
Observe! No one committing crime is responsible for it but
himself
Section.22
Neither the child is responsible for the crime of his father,
nor the father is responsible for the crime of his child
E- Women Rights and Rights of Subordinates
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Women Rights30
Section.23Have the fear of God in respect of women (Piety)Section.24 I command you to treat women well (since they are your
helpers) because they are like captives in your houses, possessing nothing for themselves and unable to manage their affairs themselves
Section.25Oh Ye People! Verily there are rights in favor of your women
which are incumbent upon you and there are rights in favor of you which are incumbent upon them (As to what is incumbent upon them in your regard is)
Women Rights-Directions to them31
And it is incumbent upon women :
To abstain from impropriety, If they don’t then you have
no right to treat them harshly
It is not permissible for a woman to give anything
from the wealth of her husband to anyone but with his
consent
Know that! A boy will be associated with the name of his
father. (Identity to human)
Social Recognition to Every Human/Slaves32
Anyone who associates his name with anyone other
than his father or if any slave associates himself to
anyone other than his master, the fie of all humanity and
angels would befall on him, and on the Day of Judgment
no compensation would be accepted from him
Rights of Subordinates33
Section.26a. See that you feed them with such food as you eat
yourselves;b. And clothe them with clothes that you yourselves wear;c. And if they commit a wrong deed which you cannot
forgive them O people of God! Sell them off but:d. Do not punish them harshlye. And treat your slave-girls properly, and thus feed them
and clothe them as yourself
Haqooq Allah and Haqooq Al-Ebad34
Section.27 Oh People! Verily I was ordained to fight and instill in people the
message of Allah (La-illaha-ill-Allah) and once when they yield in actual succeeded in securing their life and properties.Rest be it Allah’s responsibility.
Section.28 Do not equate anything or a partner with Allah.Section.29
And neither take away anyone’s life unjustlySection.30 Neither commit turpitudeSection.31Neither commit theft
Khatam e Nabuwat35
Section.32
O People!
No prophet would be raised after me and no new
Ummat (would be formed after) you.
While referring no Messih Aldajjal time and again He
(SAW) said: There has been no prophet before me, who
has not forewarned his people about Dajjal
Piety36
Section.33 Behold! Worship your Lord; offer prayers five times a
day; observe fast in the month of Ramzan; pay readily
the zakat on your property and: perform pilgrimage to
the House of God (ibadat)
and obey your rulers and surely you will be admitted
to the paradise of your Lord
Obedience of Rulers and Fairness in Business
And obey your rulers and surely you will be admitted to the paradise of your Lord
Section.34 Fear God and do not temper with the scales and
weigh rightly and do not act seditious in your country
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Obeying Hadood-u-Allah38
Section.35 And beware of transgressing the limits set in the matters
of religion, for it is transgression of the (proper bounds of) religion that brought destruction to (many people before you)
Section.36 Verily the Satan is disappointed at ever being
worshipped in this land of yours, but if obedience in anything (short of worship is expected that is); he will be pleased in matters you may be disposed to think insignificant; so beware of him in your matters of religion
Inheritance/ Charity39
Section.37 Allah has ordained every one his due share (of
inheritance). Hence there is no need (of special) testament / will for
an heir thus no amount exceeding 1/3rd of total can be willed to anyone
Section.38 Give charity for I know not perhaps you may not see
me again. Section.39
Do not swear in the name of Allah (wrongly).For if anyone swears (wrongfully) in the name of Allah, his lie would be laid bare by Allah.
Shahadat (Evidence)
Section.39
Do not swear in the name of Allah (wrongly).For if
anyone swears (wrongfully) in the name of Allah, his
lie would be laid bare by Allah
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Importance of Knowledge- Knowledge as Human Right
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Section.40 (i) Oh People ! Gather whatever knowledge ye can before
this knowledge is denied to you and narrowed to restriction
(ii) One form of ending all sorts of knowledge is that those
who know are taken away from amongst you
Social Relations42
Section.41 There are three things whereby a believer’s
heart remain purified from ill-will: While performing with good-will in the way of Allah For the good-will and benefaction of (Muslim) Rulers While communicating and being among the company
of Muslims, as their prayers ward off ill-will and surround him
F- Sources of Law43
Sources of Law44
Section.421. Mark my words as I have transmitted every thing to
you:
1. Verily I have left amongst you that which will never lead you
astray, the Book of Allah, which if you hold fast, you shall
never go astray.
2. And I have left amongst you that which will never lead you
astray, the enlightened Book of Allah, and the Sunnah of His
Prophet
Sources of Law- Research and Reference
The Book and Sunnah Imam Malik, Mota Imam Malik) hadiz No.1395 Musnad-e-Ahmed
The Book Imam Muslim
The Book and Alh-e-Bayat Imam Trimazi (Jam-e-Tirmazi) Imam Ahmed Bin Hanbal Imam Tibrani
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Obedience of Rulers
Faiths and Completion of Deen46
Obedience of Rulers/Khatm-e-Nabuwat47
Section.43
O People! Listen and obey, though a mangled Abyssinian slave
is appointed your Amir, provided he executes (the ordinances
of) the Book of Allah among you
Section.44
Know that! Each Prophet’s invitation to his message has
elapsed except mine for my message has been vaulted with
the Almighty forever and is going to sustain for all times to
come
Faiths and Akhrat48
1. After this the Prophets would feel proud of the numbers but remember do not let me down with your bad / evil doings. I will await you at the Hauz-e-Kausar.
2. Beware! I will reach the Hauz-e-Kausar before you and will feel proud at your numbers in comparison to other nations.So do not become a source of my embarrassment
3. Behold! I will help in emancipating some of the people (from Hell),
yet some will part from me and when I would ask Allah that are they not my nation / followers? To which Allah would reply ‘ You do not know what evil they did after you
Akhrat49
Section.45 Take heed not to go astray after me and strike
one another’s necksSection.46 And listen again! When you would meet your
Lord, He surely will inquire about your deeds;
Akhrat50
Thus the only one who would be given heart’s gratification, and before his eyes generous boons would befall, and the world itself would yield under his feet
But the one who endears this transitional world as permanent end, Allah will create chaos and division in his affairs, and that man would see and witness poverty and suffering in this world
And he would only receive his due share that is already fated upon him
Bidaat (Innovations) prohibited51
Section.47Observe! Now you have both seen me and listened to every thing I had to say. Very soon you would be asked about me and when it is time, do not witness falsehood upon me, if you do Hell will be your abode
Section.48Observe! All those who are present here disseminated what I said to those who are absent; for many people to whom the message is conveyed may be more mindful of it than the audience
Completion of Deen52
Then the Holy Prophet (SAW) said: Oh Allah! Have I conveyed your message to them or not?(Then
asked the audience) “And have I not delivered Allah’s message effectively? ‘Listen have I not imparted the rightful just message?”
They all answered unanimously: “Surely / Verily! (Then the Holy Prophet (SAW) said: Oh God
be my witness (how clearly and un-hesitantly do they profess it). Oh God be my witness (no what they say), Oh God be my witness. And if you were asked about me, what would you say?
Completion….53
They answered:
“We bear witness that you have conveyed the trust (of
religion) and discharged your ministry of apostle hood and
looked to our welfare
Thereupon, Allah’s Messenger (SAW) lifted his fore-finger
towards the sky and then pointing towards the people said:
“Oh Lord! Bear thou witness unto it. O Lord! Bear thou
witness unto it
Epilogue
Equality Main underlying value of human rights Holy Prophet stressed equality, strongly All human beings are equal without the distinction of race, color,
class or gender and age,One God , one Father no discrimination on , Color, Nationality
Social justice: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person No one shall be held in slavery or servitude No torture cruelity, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment
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Cont…
Recognition Everyone has the right to recognition
Subject of law Sources defined Protected by religion
Dignity and Gender Equality This Sermon gives more rights to women
Freedom From slavery
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Cont… Protects
Respect, Honor, Flesh, property, Life, Possessions Obedience of Rulers Principles of Social Relations
No back biting, fairness in Business, personal responsibility of all deeds, brotherhood,
Explains Economic Codes No Usury, Riba, protecting Trusteeship
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As Charter
Provides Philosophy of Human Rights Enlists important Human Rights Gives a workable system of Human Rights Defines Obligations and Rights Provides a system of two fold Accountability Elucidates Sources of Law Explains applicability of the laws Provides legitimacy through religion (cant be repealed)
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Uniqueness
First ever Charter of Human Rights Gives Rights to Women, Slaves/Subordinates Address Humanity ( O-People) Relates Human/Women Rights with Piety Provides legitimacy through religion (cant be repealed) Obedience of Ruler as a teaching
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Rights to Slaves
First ever in the History of Human Rights Examples
Hazrat Bilal RA, Hazrat Zaid Bin Haris (mentioned in Quran), Mosa Bin Naseer, Tariq Bin Ziad
Salve Ruled 1248-1517 Egypt (Zahir0u-Din Bires) 1206-1290 Sub-Continent Mothers of 37 Abbasid Rulers were Kaniz (the
famous; Abu Jafar, Haroon Rasheed, Mamoon o Rasheed, Mutasim Billah)
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Time Line of Human Rights in West
Magna Carta,15 June 1215 by King First UK Agreement b/w 25 Aristocrats and King Passed in 1355 by Parliament Hobos corpus Law 1640 Human Rights and Freedom Bill 1689 10 Amendments in US Constitutions for HR 1789 Human Right Bill France 1789 UN Declaration of Human Rights 10-12-1948
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