l. surinaidu v.v.s. gurunadharao p.s. acharya* m. venktrayudu ch. appalachari
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Groundwater Data Management for Sustainable Agriculture and Groundwater Resources in Punjab State, India
Grant in aid project by NRDMS, DST, New Delhi
Ecology & Environment GroupNational Geophysical Research Institute
(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research)Hyderabad – 500 007
* NRDMS, Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi -110016 January 2011
L. Surinaidu V.V.S. Gurunadharao
P.S. Acharya*M. Venktrayudu Ch. Appalachari
Legend
District BoundaryRiverMain canalBranch CanalDistrict HeadquartersObservation Well0 50 100 150 20025
KilometersScale
Location of Observation wells and ERT in Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana and Muktsar districts of Punjab
ERT
INDIA
Unsaturated/Dry sand
Slightly Contaminated zone
Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in Nagar village, in the Jalandhar district
Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in Kalma village, in the Jalandhar district
Unsaturated/Dry sand
Saturated zone
Unsaturated/Dry sand zone
Saturated zone with fresh groundwater
Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in –village, in the Ludhiana district
Electrical Resistivity Tomography image in –village, in the Muktsar district
Saline sandy soil
Contaminated groundwater
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Ajna la
Lapoke
SursinghKhalra
Am ritsar
Tarantaran
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KhadursahibJa la labad
Bababakala
M ajitha
RAVI R IVER
BEAS RIV
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Observa tion wells
G round water leve l in m (am sl)
July 08
Ground Water Level in m (amsl) Amritsar District, Punjab – July 2008
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α-BHCNov08 α-BHCMar09 α-BHCApr10
0.000
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0.160
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β-BHCNov08 β-BHCMar09 β-BHCApr10
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n µg
/lC
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µg/l
Introduction
Groundwater Information System has been developed with the purpose of drafting information on groundwater levels and groundwater qualitythat includes major Ions, Heavy Metals, Pesticide Residues.
Groundwater data model has a standard for Web based interoperableGroundwater databases by State, District, and Villages
Model is a technology-neutral conceptual model, can form basis for a web-based interchange format using evolving information technology (e.g., UML, XML, GML) & Guides implementation of Ground water databases in a common Conceptual Framework
XML/GML is used for exchanging information in decentralized, distributed environment for storing, retrieving and updating
Purpose of Groundwater information system
Data sharing between Groundwater Data providers to Users to get independent of local information system implementation
To give access to stake holders / users to update day to day field data information
The Groundwater data model presents a conceptual data-model for the Description, Classification & Interpretation
The model Emphasizes Groundwater concepts and Relationships related to information presented on Groundwater Information System
Snapshot from Groundwater Information System of Amritsar and Jalandhar Districts Website
Snapshot from Groundwater Information System of Amritsar and Jalandhar Districts Website
Snapshot from Groundwater Information System of Amritsar and Jalandhar Districts Website
Switching over to OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) Standards (Open Source)
• UML Models
• XSD Schema
• WFS/WMS Services through GeoserverWFS will generate data in GML WMS will generate Maps
Geoserver
PostgresSQL/PostGIS
Rational Rose
Open layers
Conceptualization of Groundwater Information System
Step 1- Review of Groundwater Datasets: The task initiated & organized data sets of groundwater quality of Major Ions, Heavy metals, Pesticide Residues and groundwater level data collected in the field & analytes determined for 4 times at NGRI during last two hydrological cycles
Step 2 - Data Presentation:
Available map Hydro Features have been digitized as .shp (ESRI shape files)using Openjump (java unified mapping platform)
Attribute data i.e., groundwater levels and water quality data etc., incorporated
Groundwater related data sets as Point Features Ex: Groundwater observation wells, Groundwater levels & Water quality data
Line Feature deployed for Groundwater Contours, Streams and Canals whereas Polygon Feature used for Rivers, Districts & State boundaries.
Conceptualization of Groundwater Information System
Step 3 - Data base incorporation:
All feature classes have been stored into PostgresSQL
Step 4 - Data Model Design:
UML Groundwater relational data model prepared using Rational Rose and converted into .XSD
Data Model Design
UML is an acronym for Unified Modeling Language; Unified Combines the best from existing object oriented Software modeling methodologies & it is primarily a graphical language that allows a Precise Syntax
In UML “class” is any “thing” in the enterprise that is to be represented in the database
Each class is uniquely defined by its set of attributes, also called properties in Object Oriented languages
Classes are depicted as Boxes with 3 Sections • Top one indicates the name of the class• Middle lists the attributes of the class • Third one lists the methods
UML class diagrams show classes of the system, interrelationships viz., Inheritance, Aggregation & Association, Operations & Attributes of Classes
Class diagrams used for a wide variety of purposes, include both Conceptual /Domain Modeling & Detailed Design Modeling
Associations
Objects are often associated with or related to other objects Associations are modeled as Lines connecting the two Classes whose instances (objects) are involved in the relationship
Aggregation: Is a class type represents a collection of individual components
Generalization
Generalization association between two classes puts them in a hierarchy representing the concept of inheritance of a derived class from a base class. In UML, Generalizations are represented by a line connecting the two classes, with an arrow on the side of the base class
Visibility
In object-oriented design, there is a notation of visibility for attributes & operations
UML identifies 3 types of visibility: Public, Protected & Private
Groundwater Data Model
Advantages
• The framework developed in the research could be used to empower local people and local governments in sustainably managing soil and groundwater resources for Sustainable Agriculture
• Avoids duplication of data and increase transparency of the data
• Sharable by GIS vendor packages
• Browsers capable of displaying GML/ SVG files
• User free to choose styling / cartography
• Usable on XML-enabled devices including PDAs or cell phones
• Improved quality of graphic displays
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