laboratory procedures

Chemistry 1

Laboratory Procedures

Chemistry 2

Fume Hood Located between lab and prep

room Prevents harmful fumes from

entering lab May be used for demonstrations Often used by teacher when

diluting or disposing of chemicals Open to outside at all times, fan

can be turned on for more airflow

Chemistry 3

Spill Control If you spill on yourself, rinse with

water immediately! If you spill on the lab bench or the

floor, dilute with water if practical before cleaning up.

Then use one of the following spill control products, all located under the goggle cabinet

Chemistry 4

Spill Control Spill control pillows:

Use for any spill Place pillow on spill and wipe as

needed Sand

Use for any spill Mainly for containment – keeps spill

from spreading

Chemistry 5

Spill Control Absorbent material

Use for any spill Very absorbent Especially useful for flammable liquids

Ethanol, acetone, etc. Acid neutralizer

Use for acid spills It may foam

Chemistry 6

Safety Shower Located next to fume hood Used for chemical spills over large

areas of the body. To use:

Stand under shower Remove effected clothing Pull down on handle Push up on bar to shut off

Chemistry 7

Eye Wash Station Located under safety shower Used for chemicals splashed in

eyes To use:

Push lever to turn on Put eyes in path of spray Hold eyes open Remove contact lenses Stay for 10 minutes

Chemistry 8

Fire extinguishers Located by lab door Pull hard on door to open To use, remember PASS

Pull pin out Aim at base of fire Squeeze trigger Sweep from side to side

Chemistry 9

Fire blanket Located near fire extinguisher Use to cover a person who is on

fire If you are on fire,

Stop, drop, and roll Someone will get the fire blanket and

help you

Chemistry 10

Fire alarm Located in hallway Use if there is a large or

uncontrolled fire Pull alarm and exit the building

Chemistry 11

Gas Shut Off Located near prep room Used to turn off gas to entire lab Turn handle so it is perpendicular

to pipe to shut gas off

Chemistry 12

Lab attire Goggles and aprons are designed

to protect you from chemical spills – wear them

Take care to keep your hair and clothing away from chemicals and bunsen burners

Be careful with open-toed shoes and shorts or short skirts

Chemistry 13

Use common sense When in lab, pay attention to what

you are doing Watch where you are going Don’t push, shove, pinch, startle,

or sneak up on anyone Don’t crowd around chemical or

weighing stations – everyone will get a turn

Chemistry 14

Test tubes Available in many sizes Used for many tasks, including

mixing and heating of substances

Chemistry 15

Test tube brush Used to clean test tubes Different sizes are available – ask if

you need a different one

Chemistry 16

Test tube holder Used to hold test tubes in your

hand while heating them

Chemistry 17

Utility clamp Used to hold test tubes or flasks

attached to a ring stand

Chemistry 18

Test tube rack Sets on table Used to hold test tubes during an

experiment

Chemistry 19

Ring stands and rings Variety of uses Often used to support test tubes,

beakers, or flasks being heated by a bunsen burner

Chemistry 20

Graduated cylinders Available in different sizes Use the smallest one that will meet

your needs for the best accuracy If measuring a large amount you

may need to refill as you measure

Chemistry 21

Beakers Used to hold chemicals May be used for mixing or heating Only used to measure

approximate volumes

Chemistry 22

Erlenmeyer flasks Used to hold, mix, and heat

chemicals To mix, hold by the neck and swirl

Chemistry 23

Florence flasks Used to hold, mix, and heat

chemicals To mix, hold by the neck and swirl

Chemistry 24

Beaker tongs Used to move hot beakers

Chemistry 25

Forceps tweezers

Chemistry 26

Squares Wire mesh and ceramic Used to support beakers and flasks

being heated with a bunsen burner

Chemistry 27

Scoopula Used to scoop dry materials out of

their bottles

Chemistry 28

Evaporating dish Used for heating

Chemistry 29

Watch glasses Curved circular pieces of glass Often used to cover evaporating

dishes while heating

Chemistry 30

Collecting bottles Variety of uses Often used to collect displaced

gases

Chemistry 31

Crucible Used for heating Has a lid

Chemistry 32

Clay triangle Used to support crucibles being

heated by a Bunsen burner

Chemistry 33

Crucible tongs Used to move hot crucibles or

crucible lids

Chemistry 34

Pneumatic trough Used to hold large quantities of

liquids (usually water) Has an overflow prevention spout:

make sure this is over the sink

Chemistry 35

Wash bottle Squeeze bottle Often used for cleaning Never touch the tip of a wash

bottle to anything. After you stop squeezing, the bottle

sucks in air. If there is a chemical on the tip of the

bottle, it will suck that in too.

Chemistry 36

Hot glassware Looks the same as cool glassware If you drop hot glassware, don’t

catch it with your hands!! I would rather clean up broken glass

than treat you for burns

Chemistry 37

Broken glassware Sweep the pieces up with the

broom Put them in the glass disposal box

Chemistry 38

Measuring solids Use a balance Place your weighing paper or other

container on the balance. Push the ZERO button. Make sure the balance reads zero

before you start putting the material on it.

Chemistry 39

Measuring solids Add a little at a time so you don’t

go over the needed amount. If you get too much, don’t put it

back in the bottle. Give it to someone else who needs it Or put it in the trash or waste beaker

Chemistry 40

Measuring liquids Unless the directions say

approximately, measure with a graduated cylinder.

Use the smallest graduated cylinder that will get the job done – this will be the most accurate.

Chemistry 41

Measuring liquids Read the graduated cylinder at eye

level. Don’t hold it up to your eyes. Bring your eyes down to its level by

squatting or bending over.

Chemistry 42

Measuring liquids Pour slowly so you don’t get too

much Be extra careful if you are using a

funnel If you get too much, don’t pour it

back in the bottle. Give it to someone else who needs it Or pour it down the drain with lots of

water Or put it in the waste beaker

Chemistry 43

The meniscus Measure to

the bottom of the meniscus

Chemistry 44

Using droppers Like wash bottles, make sure the

dropper tip doesn’t touch anything. After you stop squeezing, the dropper

sucks in air. If there is a chemical on the tip of the

dropper, it will suck that in too.

Chemistry 45

Cleaning labware Squeeze in some soap (only if really

dirty) Use a test tube brush if needed Ask for another brush if needed Rinse at least three times with tap

water (or until all soap is gone) Rinse once with distilled water Put on drying rack or in other

designated location.