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THE IFFI PROJECT (ITALIAN LANDSLIDE
INVENTORY): METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS
Luca Guerrieri, Alessandro Trigila & Carla Iadanza
Experts meeting on guidelines for mapping areas at risk of landslides in Europe
JRC, Ispra 23-24 October 2007
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CONTENTSCONTENTS
Objectives
Methodology
IFFI dataset
Data processing
WebGIS & WMS Services
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES
The IFFI Project aims at:
identifying and mapping landslides over the whole Italianterritory, based on standardized criteria;
building up a National Landslide Geographic InformationSystem;
providing a tool for hazard and risk assessment and landuse planning.
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The institutions involved in the IFFI Project are:
a) APAT - Geological Survey of Italy/Land Protection and
Georesources Department, with the task of organizingand coordinating the activities, developing the guidelines,verifying the data conformity, building up a national geo-database and a WebGIS;
b) Regions and Autonomous Provinces, charged to collecthistorical documents, archive data and map the areasaffected by landslides.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCESFINANCIAL SUPPORT AND INSTITUTIONAL COMPETENCES
The project has been financed with 4.1 Mil. Euro by theCommittee of Ministries for the Land Protection, established
by the Italian Government (Law n. 183/89).
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Aerial photo-interpretation (Volo GAI 1954) - Cetara basin (SA) - Campania
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
The methodology applied to build upthe Italian Landslide Inventory isbased on aerial photo-interpretation,field surveys, historical documents
and archive data.
Archives data - debris flow occurred in Cetara basin during 23-24 October 1910 event.
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M. Falterona
Falterona landslide - S. Godenzo (FI) 15 may 1335 described by Giovanni Villani in “Cronica Fiorentina” - Manuscript del XIV sec. Biblioteca Riccardiana, Florence.
Extremely rapid mud-debris flow 30 april 2006 , Ischia Island,4 casualties.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS & FIELD SURVEYSHISTORICAL DOCUMENTS & FIELD SURVEYS
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MAIN DATA SOURCESMAIN DATA SOURCES
The main sources of information consulted to compile the IFFIdatabase are:
National Projects (AVI - Inventory of information on sites
historically affected by landslides and floods in Italy forthe period 1918/2000; SCAI - Special project for thestudy of unstable towns; CARG - Geological map of Italy,scale 1:50,000);
Landslide inventories by Regions, River Basin Autorities,Research Institutes, Universities;
River Basin plans (PAI - L. 267/98);
Emergency Declarations (L.225/92);
National and local public archives;
Scientific and technical papers and reports.
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LANDSLIDE DATASHEETLANDSLIDE DATASHEET
The IFFI Landslide DataSheet is organised inthree information levels of increasing detail:
1st level contains the
basic data on landslidelocation, type of movement and state of activity;
2nd
level provides dataon morphometry,geological setting,lithology, land use, causesof activation, date of activation;
3rd level gives detailedinformation on damages,
investigation process andremedial measures for riskreduction.
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CARTOGRAPHYCARTOGRAPHY
Landslides are representedwith:
a georeferenced point,located at the highest point
of the crown;a polygon, in case the
landslide area is >10,000square meters;
a line, in case the widthis too narrow and in case of debris flows.
The mapping scale is1:10,000 in the most partof Italian territory. Howeverless resolution scale(1:25,000) has been used
in mountain and sparselypopulated areas.
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IFFI GEOIFFI GEO--DATABASEDATABASE
The IFFI geo-database contains vector layers of landslides and analphanumeric archive of attributes (RDBMS). The relationalalphanumeric database scheme is based on the Landslide DataSheet.
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LANDSLIDE IDLANDSLIDE ID
The Landslide ID is a code whose values uniquely identify eachlandslide over the whole italian territory.
This code links the alphanumeric attributes to the geographicfeatures.
0 2 4 0 0 0 4 1 0 0
ProvinceISTAT code
Sub-index forcomplex
landslides
Progressive numberinside province
territory
Alphanumericdata base LANDSLIDE ID
Cartographicdata base
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QUALITY CONTROL CHECKSQUALITY CONTROL CHECKS
All geometrical features of theIFFI Landslide Inventory mustpass a series of validationrules before they are stored inthe geo-database.
APAT has defined two sets of quality control tasks: the first
set, or initial set, consists of the Spatial data checks, theAttribute checks and theGeometry checks; the secondone inspects the IFFI
geographic data forcompleteness with otherdatasets: AVI, SCAI, CARG,PAIs.
IFFI Verification Tools designed by APAT
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RESULTSRESULTS
At present more than
460.000 landslides havebeen mapped, covering anarea of about 19.700 km2
(6,5% of the whole italianterritory).
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TYPE OF MOVEMENTTYPE OF MOVEMENT
Rock-fall and
topple
3,4%
Rotational andtranslational slide
32,8%
Lateral spread
0,1%
Slow earth flow
15,5%
Extremely rapid
debris flow
14,9%
Sinkhole
0,1%
Complex
landslide
11,6%
n.d.
4,5%
Area affected by
shallow
landslides
5,3%
Deep Seated
GravitationalSlope
Deformation
0,3%
Area affected by
rock-fall/topple
11,5%
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Roto-traslational slide evolving in slow earth flow - Ripalimosani (CB) - Molise
TYPE OF MOVEMENTTYPE OF MOVEMENT
Rock topples - Dorgali (NU) - Sardegna
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PREDISPOSING ANDPREDISPOSING AND
TRIGGERING FACTORSTRIGGERING FACTORS
2109
5701
3000
1745
8710 8655
14441055
4091 4110
2763
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
80009000
10000
W e a k m
a t e r i a l
W e a t h e r e d m
a t e r i a l
S h e a r e d m
a t e r i a l
J o i n t e d o r f i s s u r e d m
a t e r i a l
C o n t r a s t i n p e r m
e a b i l i t y
I n t e n s e
r a i n f a l l
P
r o l o n g e d e x c e p t i o n a l p r e c i p i t a t i o n
F r e e z e n a n d t h a w
w h e a t h e r i n g
S h r i n k a n d s w e l l w e a t h e r i n g
F l u v i a l e r o s i o n o f s l o p e t o e
E x c a v a t i o n o f s l o p e o r i t s t o e
Rapid debris flow - Cervinara (AV) dicember
1999 - Forest road
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DATA PROCESSING & LANDSLIDE RISKDATA PROCESSING & LANDSLIDE RISK
Input data:
IFFI Landslide Inventory;
CORINE Land Cover 2000 archive;
Road and railway networks;
Digital orthophoto (Terraitaly™ it2000);
Municipality boundary.
Output data:
Landslides & infrastructures;
Landslide risk analysis in the italian municipalities.
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LANDSLIDES AND URBAN AREASLANDSLIDES AND URBAN AREAS
Landslides (in red) urban areas (in yellow) Digital orthophoto – TerraItaly it2000 C.G.R. S.p.A. - Parma
Cerzeto (CS) - Calabria
Sarno & Quindici (SA)6/05/1998
400 Extremely rapid debris flows 160 Fatalities
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LANDSLIDES & INFRASTRUCTURELANDSLIDES & INFRASTRUCTURE
Borsoi Landslide (BL) – Veneto - october 2000
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National Road SS134 – Castelsardo (SS)
Deformations of rail profiles in 1991by Petacciato landslide (CB)
693
39070
1754
14188
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
H I G H W A Y
R O A D
R A I L W
A Y
U R B A N A R E A
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RISK ANALYSIS IN THE ITALIAN MUNICIPALITYRISK ANALYSIS IN THE ITALIAN MUNICIPALITY
The Attention level at the municipality scale is obtained overlapping thelandslide layer and the vulnerable elements layer
Very high, intersection with urbantexture, industrial and commercialsettlements;
High, interference with lifelines, borrowpits, waste dump sites, constructionworks;
Moderate, for farmed land, woods, urbangreen areas and playgrounds;
Negligible, absence of landslidephenomena
5565 municipalities out of 8101 (69% ) areaffected by landslides
Very high: 2820 municipalities
Negligible: 2536 municipalities
LANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONLANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATION
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LANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATIONLANDSLIDE HAZARDS COMMUNICATION
Dissemination of information about landslides to national and
local institutions and to the general public is a fundamentalstep in the successful mitigation of natural hazards.
House destroyed by extremely rapid debris flow in october 2000 Messigny (AO) - Valle D’Aosta
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THE ITALIAN LANDSLIDE INVENTORY WEBSITETHE ITALIAN LANDSLIDE INVENTORY WEBSITE
To provide internet access to geospatial information of the IFFI Project,
APAT has designed the WebGIS application Cart@net-IFFI and the WMS
Service of the IFFI Inventory.
http:/ /http:/ / www.sinanet.apat.it/ progettoiffiwww.sinanet.apat.it/ progettoiffi
SEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLSSEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLS
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Cancia debris flow - Borca di Cadore (BL) Veneto
SEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLSSEARCH & IDENTIFY TOOLS
Landslides identify: type of movement, degree of activity, damages, etc.
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Landslide geographic research (i.e. for municipalities, Basin
Authorities)
QUERY TOOLQUERY TOOL
PHOTO TOOLPHOTO TOOL
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Viewing photos of more important landslides
PHOTO TOOLPHOTO TOOL
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VIDEO TOOLVIDEO TOOL
PRINTING LAYOUTPRINTING LAYOUT
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PRINTING LAYOUTPRINTING LAYOUT
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WEBGIS ARCHITECTUREWEBGIS ARCHITECTURE
texttextWeb Browser
Web Browser
Web Server Cart@net-IFFI
ArcIMSMap Server
(vector data)
HTTP
ECWP
SQL Server
Image Web
Server
(raster data)
ArcSDE
SINAnet
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ECWP Enhanced Compressed Wavelet Protocol
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THE IFFI PROJECT WMSTHE IFFI PROJECT WMS
(WEB MAP SERVICE)(WEB MAP SERVICE)
According to the European
Directive INSPIRE 2007/2/CE
(Infrastructure for spatial
information in Europe) and
the Open GIS Consortium
specifications, WMS Services
of the IFFI Inventory have
also been developed.
This interoperable Service
allows the users to build a
customized map overlaying
the IFFI landslides theme with
additional layers stored in the
pc of the user or provided by
different Internet map
servers.
IFFI Project WMS
The user can access the WMS Servicethrough a WMS viewer, as the oneprovided by the INSPIRE Geo-portal, or
through a GIS Desktop
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
The IFFI Inventory is an homogeneous and updated archivewith a detailed spatial representation of landslides and it is animportant tool for hazard and risk assessment and land use
planning.
Since 2005 the Inventory is available on the Internet with theaim of disseminating information about Italian landslides to
stakeholders and citizens. To date over 200.000 hits have beencounted on the IFFI Website.
The WMS Service of IFFI Inventory allows an outstandingimprovement in interoperability and data sharing between publicadministration, research institutes, geologists and engineers.
Agenzia per la protezione
dell’ambiente e per i servizi
Dipartimento Difesa del Suolo
S i i l i d’It li
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dell ambiente e per i servizi
tecnici
Servizio geologico d’Italia
Organo Cartografico dello Stato
WebsiteWebsite:: www.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffiwww.sinanet.apat.it/progettoiffi
Contacts:Contacts:alessandro.trigila@apat.itcarla.iadanza@apat.itluca.guerrieri@apat.it
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