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02/10/20 Latin American Politics | University of Glasgow
Latin American Politics View Online
247 items
Internet Resources (7 items)There are a number of good sites containing information on Latin America. Here areexamples of some of them:
Statistics and newsletters can be accessed via:
Latin American Network Information Center - LANICWebsite
For working papers, look at:
World Bank GroupWebsite
Inter-American Development BankWebpage
Pan American Health OrganizationWebpage
United Nations Development ProgrammeWebsite
Reading list (5 items)
There is no set text for this course. Instead, each week a variety of mandatoryreadings are prescribed, which are listed in a separate section below. Students areencouraged, though, to buy one of the following general texts to familiarise themselveswith major themes and debates in the course.
Latin America: its problems and its promise : a multidisciplinary introduction - 2011Book | Good interdisciplinary overview, with useful individual case studies of countries.
Comparative politics of Latin America: democracy at last? - Daniel Hellinger, 2015Book | Good basic introduction: nicely structured and goes very well with course. First
edition (2011) is also available.
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Modern Latin America - Thomas E. Skidmore, Peter H. Smith, James Naylor Green, 2014Book | Essential | Classic text that offers some good country and region overviews.
Useful companion website, free to access:https://library.brown.edu/create/modernlatinamerica/
Democracy in Latin America: political change in comparative perspective - Peter H. Smith,Cameron J. Sells, 2017
Book | This is more thematic and addresses political institutions.
Latin American Public Opinion Project, Vanderbilt UniversityWebpage | For useful public opinion data.
Weeks 1 & 2. Introduction to Latin America in comparative perspective(2 weeks) (13 items)
These introductory weeks will introduce major themes and methodology to beaddressed throughout the course in a longer lecture. A brief overview of the politicalhistory of Latin America will be offered and some discussion of comparative politics in theregion. We will look at key forces in the development of Latin American history, includingrelations with the US. Students should prepare by reading around one country in theregion and the mandatory reading.
Must read: (4 items)
Open veins of Latin America: five centuries of the pillage of a continent - Eduardo Galeano,Cedric Belfrage, Isabel Allende, 1997
Book | Essential
The Regime Question: Theory Building in Democracy Studies - Gerardo L. Munck, 2001Article | Essential
Issues and methods in comparative politics: an introduction - Todd Landman, 2008Book | Essential | For reading on comparative politics methodology (especially section
on case studies)
In addition to this, read around one country for presentation in week 2. Presentationgroups will be allotted at the first meeting. Black (2011) and/or Skidmore & Smith (2013)may be a good starting point for reading on your case study.
Additional Reading (9 items)
Latin America: its problems and its promise : a multidisciplinary introduction - 2011Book
Democracy in developing countries: Latin America - Larry Jay Diamond, c1999Book | Further
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Introduction to Latin America: twenty-first century challenges - Peadar Kirby, 2003Book | Further | Esp introduction.
Contemporary Latin America - Ronaldo Munck, 2008Book | Further
Passion, craft, and method in comparative politics - Gerardo L. Munck, Richard Snyder,2007
Book | Interesting collection of essays for general reading on comparative politics as afield.
Modern Latin America - Thomas E. Skidmore, Peter H. Smith, 2001Book | Further | Esp. introduction.
Democracy in Latin America: political change in comparative perspective - Peter H. Smith,Cameron J. Sells, 2017
Book
Politics of Latin America: the power game - Harry E. Vanden, Gary Prevost, 2002Book | Further
Latin American politics and development - 2017Book | Essential
Week 3. Authoritarianism: Civil – military relations in comparativeperspective (28 items)
The military has played a pivotal role in the politics of many Latin Americancountries, whether in the form of junta governments or providing support to personaliseddictators. This lecture offers a broad overview of the factors that facilitated the militaryregimes that characterised the region until the late-1970s/early-1980s, before discussinghow the role of the military has changed following political transition. This provides animportant historical backdrop to the region, most especially the form and tone oftransitions to democracy.
The session will focus on the Southern Cone countries of Argentina, Brazil, Chile andUruguay. In addition to the essential reading, you should choose two of these countriesand read around the role of the military in each one.
Question for discussion: What were the causes of democratic breakdown? In what wayshas the role of the military evolved following political transitions?
Must read: (5 items)
Legitimacy, Institutionalization, and Opposition in Exclusionary Bureaucratic-AuthoritarianRegimes: The Situation of the 1980s - Edward C. Epstein, 1984
Article | Essential
Democracy in Latin America: political change in comparative perspective - Peter H. Smith,
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Cameron J. Sells, 2017Book | Essential | See: Part 1: Historical Perspectives esp. ‘The military: heading for the
exits’
OR
Comparative politics of Latin America: democracy at last? - Daniel Hellinger, 2015Book | Essential | See: Chapter 7, ‘Democratic Breakdown and Military Rule’
Latin American Political Armies in the Twenty-First Century - Kees Koonings and Dirk Kruijt,2003
Article | Essential
Additional Reading (22 items)
Chile's coup: the perspective of forty years | openDemocracy - Alan Angell, 2013Article
Generals in retreat: the crisis of military rule in Latin America - Philip J. O'Brien, Paul A.Cammack, International Congress of Americanists, 1985
Book | See: Cammack, P.,The political economy of military regimes in Latin America:from BA to restructuring.
Democracy from Above: The Political Origins of Military Dictatorship in Brazil - YoussefCohen, 1987
Article
The new authoritarianism in Latin America - Joint Committee on Latin American Studies,c1979
Book
Latin American society - Tessa Cubitt, 1995Book
Politicians in Uniform: Dilemmas about the Latin American Military - Dirk Kruijt, 1996Article
The failure of presidential democracy - Juan J. Linz, Arturo Valenzuela, c1994Book
For la Patria: politics and the armed forces in Latin America - Brian Loveman, c1999Book | Essential
Predatory states: Operation Condor and covert war in Latin America - J. Patrice McSherry,2005
Book
When states kill: Latin America, the U.S., and technologies of terror - Cecilia Menjívar,Néstor Rodriguez, 2005
Book
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Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State - GuillermoO'Donnell, 1978
Article | Essential
Authoritarianism in Latin America since independence - Will Fowler, 1996Book | See: Tensions in the BA state and the question of democracy
Civil-military relations in Latin America: new analytical perspectives - David Pion-Berlin,c2001
Book
The military and the state in Latin America - Alain Rouquié, c1987Book
Review: Changing Civil-Military Relations in Latin America - Review by: J. Mark Ruhl, 1998
Article
The military in Central America: the challenge of transition - Rachel Sieder, JamesDunkerley, c1994
Book
The soldier and the state in South America: essays in civil-military relations - Patricio Silva,2001
Book
Talons of the eagle: dynamics of U.S.-Latin American relations - Peter H. Smith, 1996Book
Rethinking military politics: Brazil and the Southern Cone - Alfred C. Stepan, c1988Book
Democracy in developing countries: Latin America - Larry Jay Diamond, c1999Book | See: Valenzuela A., Chile: Origins, Consolidation, and Breakdown of a Democratic
Regime.
Latin American politics and development - 2014Book | See: Valenzuela A. and Valenzuela J.S., Chile and the Breakdown of Democracy.
New military politics in Latin America - Robert Wesson, 1982Book
Week 4. Democratisation and transition (35 items)
Latin America began a period of political transition in the late 1970s, often referredto as the ‘third wave’ of democratisation (echoing Huntington). Here we examine differentpaths of political transition, including discussion of the main causal factors. The seminarwill also address different conceptualisations of democracy, as we question how
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‘democratisation’ in Latin America should be understood.
Questions for discussion: To what extent are Latin American countries democracies? Whatmodels of democracy are useful when analysing different Latin American countries? Whencomparing political transitions, on what basis should we select case studies?
Must Read (4 items)
Fault lines of democracy in post-transition Latin America - Felipe Agüero, Jeffrey Stark,c1998
Book | Essential | See: Agüero, F., Conflicting Assessments of Democratization:exploring the faultlines.
The End of the Transition Paradigm - Thomas Carothers, 2002Article | Essential
Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research - David Collierand Steven Levitsky, 1997
Article | Essential
Reflections on Contemporary South American Democracies - Guillermo O'Donnell, 2001-8Article | Essential
Additional Reading (30 items)
Developments in Latin American political economy: states, markets and actors - JuliaBuxton, Nicola Phillips, 1999
Book
Beyond Transitions to Democracy in Latin America - Marcelo Cavarozzi, 1992-10Article
Thinking About Hybrid Regimes - Larry Jay Diamond, 2002Article | Addresses wider theoretical debates around democratisation
Democracy in developing countries: Latin America - Larry Jay Diamond, c1999Book | See: Chp 1.
Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American Political Parties -1992-01-01
Article
Governing Latin America - Joe Foweraker, Todd Landman, Neil Harvey, 2003Book
The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks - FrancesHagopian, Scott Mainwaring, MyiLibrary, 2005
Book
Poverty and Inequality in Chile: Are Democratic Politics and Neoliberal Economics Good for
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You? - Hojman, David E., 1996Article
Will More Countries Become Democratic? - Samuel P. Huntington, 1984Article
Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America - Terry Lynn Karl, 1990Article | Essential
Economic Development and Democracy: the View from Latin America - Todd Landman,1999-09
Article
Presidentialism and democracy in Latin America - Scott Mainwaring, Matthew SobergShugart, 1997
Book
Deepening democracy in Latin America - Kurt von Mettenheim, James M. Malloy, c1998Book
DEMOCRATIC POLITICS IN LATIN AMERICA: New Debates and Research Frontiers - GerardoL. Munck, 2004-05-17
Article
Delegative Democracy? - Guillermo O'DonnellDocument
The quality of democracy: theory and applications - Guillermo A. O'Donnell, Jorge VargasCullel, Osvaldo Miguel Iazzetta, Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies, 2004
Book
Transitions from authoritarian rule - Guillermo A. O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter,Laurence Whitehead, 1986
Book
Beyond 'Delegative Democracy': 'Old Politics' and 'New Economics' in Latin America -Francisco Panizza, 2000
Article
Democracy in Latin America: surviving conflict and crisis? - George D. E. Philip, 2003Book
The Aylwin Government and 'Tutelary' Democracy: A Concept in Search of a Case? - RhodaRabkin, 1993
Article
The judicialization of politics in Latin America - Rachel Sieder, Line Schjolden, Alan Angell,2005
Book
Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity - Robert N. Gwynne, Cristóbal Kay,2004
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Book | See: Silva P.,The new political order in Latin America: towards technocraticdemocracies? and Silva E., Authoritarianism, democracy and development.
Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity - Robert N. Gwynne, Cristóbal Kay,2004
Book | See: Authoritarianism, democracy and development
Special Section: Democracy in Latin AmericaArticle
Constructing democracy: human rights, citizenship, and society in Latin America -Elizabeth Jelin, Eric Hershberg, 1996
Book | See: Wanderley Reis, F., The State, the Market and Democratic Citizenship.
The Alternatives to 'Liberal Democracy': a Latin American Perspective - LaurenceWhitehead, 1992-08
Article
Prospects for democracy - David Held, 1993Book
Introduction: Some insights from Western social theory - Laurence Whitehead, 1993-8Article
Why is Liberal Peacebuilding so Difficult? Some Lessons from Central America - SabineKurtenbach, 2010
Article | For an overview of Central American transitions (post war settlements)
The State of Democracy in Latin AmericaDocument | See: For UNDP/University of Vanderbilt study on citizens’ attitudes towards
democracy
Week 5. Neoliberalism and Globalisation: the ‘motors’ ofdemocratisation in Latin America? (20 items)
Neoliberalism and globalisation have become common frames for understandingand critiquing development in Latin America over the last twenty years, replacing thehistoric framework of dependency. Neoliberal reforms have redefined how people relate toeach other, vital resources, and the state. New technologies have enabled largecorporations to reorganise production globally. New international divisions of labour havedeveloped with core workers and peripheral ‘flexible’ workforces. In this seminar, wediscuss the drivers of globalisation and neoliberalism in Latin America, and their social,political and economic effects. We consider how these phenomena have shapeddemocracy across the region.
Question for discussion: Have neoliberalism and globalization undermined the democraticproject in Latin America?
Must read: (4 items)
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Latin America after the Third Wave ? By Jean Grugel - Jean Grugel, 2007-03Article | Essential
Views from the periphery: Futures of neoliberalism in Latin America - Robert N Gwynne,Cristobal Kay, 2000-02
Article | Essential
Neoliberalism as Creative Destruction - David Harvey, 2007Article | Essential
Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A Mixed Record - Kurt Weyland, 2004Article | Essential
Additional Reading (15 items)
Making Economic and Social Rights Count: A Strategy for the Future - Philip Alston,1997-03
Article
Unsettling statecraft: democracy and neoliberalism in the central Andes - Catherine M.Conaghan, James M. Malloy, c1994
Book
Democratic governance in Latin America - Scott Mainwaring, Timothy Scully, 2009Book | See: Cardoso, Fernando E., ‘Structural Reform and Governability: the Brazilian
Experience in the 1990s’, pp. 338-364 - first-hand account from the former-BrazilianPresident.
A century of violence in a red city: popular struggle, counterinsurgency, and human rightsin Colombia - Lesley Gill, 2016
Book
Teetering on the rim: global restructuring, daily life, and the armed retreat of the Bolivianstate - Lesley Gill, c2000
Book
Silent revolution: the rise and crisis of market economics in Latin America - Duncan Green,c2003
Book
Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity - Robert N. Gwynne, Cristóbal Kay,2004
Book | See: ch1 and 4
Beyond 'Delegative Democracy': 'Old Politics' and 'New Economics' in Latin America -Francisco Panizza, 2000
Article
Contemporary Latin America: development and democracy beyond the Washingtonconsensus - Francisco Panizza, Dawson Books, 2009
Book | Very useful overview of ‘new’ left and post-Washington consensus.
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Challenging Citizenship, Neo-liberalism and Democracy: Indigenous Movements and theState in Latin America - Rachel Sieder, 2005-12
Article
Neoliberalism and class conflict in Latin America: a comparative perspective on thepolitical economy of structural adjustment - Henry Veltmeyer, James F. Petras, Steve Vieux, 1997
Book
What kind of democracy? What kind of market?: Latin America in the age of neoliberalism -Philip Oxhorn, Graciela Ducatenzeiler, c1998
Book | See: Waisman, C., State capacity and the conflicting logics of economic andpolitical change.
Latin American Perspectives - Richard L. Harris, November 2002Journal
Latin America and global capitalism: a critical globalization perspective - William I.Robinson, 2008
Book
Poverty Reduction and Growth : Virtuous and Vicious Circles - 2006Document
Week 6. Democratising Protest in Latin America (30 items)
Social and popular movements have played an important role in Latin Americanpolitics. From the 1960s and during the period of brutal authoritarianism, movementsemerged to challenge political structures, protest against various aspects of governmentpolicy and make demands for welfare improvements. These ranged from armed guerrillagroups to rights-based (political and socio-economic) movements. Women wereparticularly important actors in many of these movements, redefining the parameters ofpolitical action. Following democratisation, many assumed that state-society relationswould ‘normalise’, opening space for the emergence of a vibrant civil society as anessential component of a functioning democracy. Popular mobilisation has increased inthe past 20 years, with traditional social movements, such as trade unions and ruralsectors, pressuring for political change alongside indigenous, environmental, feminist andLGBT movements.This session will offer a broad overview of the role of social and popular movements in thepolitics of the region, considering their influence on political transitions and contemporarypolitics.
Questions for discussion: To what extent are strong social movements important to thefunction of democracy? In what ways might they be considered a threat to democracy?
Must read (4 items)
Social movements: revolution, reform and reaction - Judith Adler HellmanArticle | Essential
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Handbook of social movements across Latin America - SpringerLink (Online service), 2015Book | Essential | See: ‘“There and Back Again”: Latin American Social Movements and
Reasserting the Powers of Structural Theories’
Handbook of social movements across Latin America - SpringerLink (Online service), 2015Book | Essential | See: State Repression and Mobilization in Latin America’,
Resisting Neoliberal Homogenization: The Zapatista Autonomy Movement - RichardStahler-Sholk, 2007
Article
Additional Reading (25 items)
Handbook of social movements across Latin America - SpringerLink (Online service), 2015Book | See: especially introduction
Cultures of politics politics of cultures: re-visioning Latin American social movements -Sonia E. Alvarez, Evelina Dagnino, Arturo Escobar, 1998
Book
The problem of democracy in Cuba: between vision and reality - Carollee Bengelsdorf,1994
Book
Central America, civil society and the ‘pink tide’: democratization or de-democratization? -Barry Cannon, Mo Hume, 2012-12
Article | Essential
Civil society and the state in left-led Latin America: challenges and limitations todemocratization - Barry Cannon, Peadar Kirby, c2012
Book
Revolution and revolutionaries: guerrilla movements in Latin America - Daniel Castro, 1999Book
Gender and the politics of rights and democracy in Latin America - Nikki Craske, MaxineMolyneux, 2002
Book
Social Movements in Chile: Organization, Trajectories, and Political Consequences -SpringerLink (Online service), 2017
Book
Power in the Isthmus: a political history of modern Central America - James Dunkerley,American Council of Learned Societies, 1988
Book
Civil society and democracy in Latin America - 2006Book
The Paradox of Civil Society - Michael W. Foley, Bob Edwards, 1996
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Article
Theorizing social movements - Joe Foweraker, 1995Book
Grassroots Movements and Political Activism in Latin America: A Critical Comparison ofChile and Brazil - Joe Foweraker, 2001
Article
Citizenship rights and social movements: a comparative and statistical analysis - JoeFoweraker, Todd Landman, Oxford University Press, 1997
Book
How does civil society thicken? the political construction of social capital in rural Mexico -Jonathan Fox, 1996-6
Article
The making of social movements in Latin America: identity, strategy, and democracy -Sonia E. Alvarez, Arturo Escobar, 1992
Book
Handbook of social movements across Latin America - SpringerLink (Online service), 2015Book | See: Liberation Theory and Social Movements
The politics of convergence in Bolivia: social movements and the state - Ben M. McKay,2017-12-04
Article
Transforming Rights into Social Practices? The Landless Movement and Land Reform inBrazil - Zander Navarro, 2005-01
Article
NACLA Special issue on Social Movements - 2005Journal
Women's movements in international perspective: Latin America and beyond - MaxineMolyneux, University of London. Institute of Latin American Studies, 2003
Book
Globalising the Zapatistas: From Third World Solidarity to Global Solidarity? - ThomasOlesen, 2004
Article
Organizing civil society: the popular sectors and the struggle for democracy in Chile -Philip Oxhorn, c1995
Book | See: New Social Movements and the Question of Autonomy
Guerrillas and revolution in Latin America: a comparative study of insurgents and regimessince 1956 - Timothy P. Wickham-Crowley, c1992
Book
Special issue of Latin American Perspectives
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Journal
Week 7. Violent Democracies? (34 items)
Contemporary portrayals of Latin America in the media and popular culturefrequently centre on drugs, gangs and violence. In this session, we examine themulti-faceted issue of violence across the region, and consider its implications fordemocracy, the rule of law and citizenship. With a particular focus on drug-relatedviolence, the session addresses the role of crime, fear and violence in shaping citizens’experience of democratisation. Such factors are viewed as limiting the quality ofdemocracy and threatening its sustainability. We consider how post-Third Wave domesticand international political developments have changed the use of violence by both stateand non-state actors in the region.
Question for discussion: In which ways does violence have an impact on democraticdevelopment?
Must Read (4 items)
Violent democracies in Latin America - Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2010Book | Essential | See: Violent Pluralism: Understanding the New Democracies of Latin
America
Violence, coercion, and state-making in twentieth-century Mexico: the other half of thecentaur - 2012
Book | Essential | See: New Violence, Insecurity, and the State: Comparative Reflectionson Latin America and Mexico
Low Intensity Democracies: Latin America in the Post-Dictatorial Era - Dirk Kruijt, 2001Article | Essential
Perverse state formation and securitized democracy in Latin America - Jenny Pearce,2010-04
Article | Essential
Additional Reading (29 items)
Reconstructing criminality in Latin America - Carlos Aguirre, Robert Buffington, c2000Book
Drugs & democracy in Rio de Janeiro: trafficking, social networks, & public security -Enrique Desmond Arias, c2006
Book
Violent democracies in Latin America - Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2010Book
Prevention or repression? The false dilemma of citizen security - Irma Arriagada, LorenaGodoy, April 2000
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Document
The Crazy Place - Charles Bowden, 2009Article
The evolution of drug trafficking and organized crime in latin americaArticle
International security and democracy: Latin America and the Caribbean in the post-ColdWar era - Jorge I. Domínguez, c1998
Book
To Kill and Tell? State Power, Criminal Competition, and Drug Violence - AngelicaDuran-Martinez, 2015-12
Article
The politics of drug violence: criminals, cops and politicians in Colombia and Mexico -Angélica Durán-Martínez, 2018
Book
Crime and violence in Latin America: citizen security, democracy, and the state - HugoFrühling, Joseph S. Tulchin, Heather A. Golding, c2003
Book
Theorising state–narco relations in Bolivia’s nascent democracy (1982–1993): governance,order and political transition - Allan Gillies, 2017-09-25
Article
Constructing the Limits of State Violence in Central America: Towards a New ResearchAgenda - Robert H. Holden, 1996-5
Article
Whose peace?: Critical perspectives on the political economy of peacebuilding - Michael C.Pugh, Neil Cooper, Mandy Turner, Dawson Books, 2008
Book | See: El Salvador: the limits of a violent peace
The politics of violence: gender, conflict and community in El Salvador - Mo Hume, Societyfor Latin American Studies (Great Britain), 2009
Book
Gangs, Urban Violence, and Security Interventions in Central America - O. Jutersonke, R.Muggah, D. Rodgers, 2009-08-01
Article
Armed actors: organized violence and state failure in Latin America - Kees Koonings, DirkKruijt, 2004
Book
Societies of fear: the legacy of civil war, violence and terror in Latin America - KeesKoonings, Dirk Kruijt, 1999
Book | See especially: Introduction and Pecuat's chapter on Colombia.
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Citizenship or Repression? Coca, Eradication and Development in the Andes - ThomasGrisaffi
Article
More terrible than death: massacres, drugs, and America's war in Colombia - Robin Kirk,2004
Book
Violence, coercion, and state-making in twentieth-century Mexico: the other half of thecentaur - 2012
Book | See: Narco-Violence and the State in Modern Mexico
Encounters with violence in Latin America: urban poor perceptions from Columbia andGuatemala - Caroline O. N. Moser, Cathy McIlwaine, c2004
Book
From Civil War to 'Civil Society': Has the End of the Cold War Brought Peace to CentralAmerica? - Jenny Pearce, 1998
Article
Slum Wars of the 21st Century: Gangs, Mano Dura and the New Urban Geography ofConflict in Central America - Dennis Rodgers, 2009-09
Article | Essential
Citizens of fear: urban violence in Latin America - Susana Rotker, Katherine Goldman, 2002Book
Lynchings and the Democratization of Terror in Postwar Guatemala: Implications forHuman Rights - Angelina Snodgrass Godoy, 2002
Article | Essential
Does illegality breed violence? Drug trafficking and state-sponsored protection rackets -Richard Snyder, Angelica Duran-Martinez, 2009-9
Article
Illegal drugs, economy and society in the Andes - Francisco E. Thoumi, 2003Book
Bulletin of Latin American ResearchArticle | Special issue on low intensity democracies.
Special Issue of Latin America PerspectivesJournal
Week 8. Human Rights, the (Un)Rule of law and impunity in LatinAmerica (21 items)
The struggle for human rights has been at the heart of politics in Latin America. During the authoritarian period, opponents of brutal regimes throughout the region argued
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for recognition of human rights. As these regimes fell, Latin America became a key arenaof for debates around transitional justice; specifically, how should societies deal with thoseresponsible for historic human right abuses? In this session, we look at how post-transitionstates in the region have responded to these issues. We discuss how weak politicalinstitutions continue to foster impunity and undermine the rule of law, and consider theimplications of this to democratic governance in the region. As part of this, we examinehow these dynamics relate to present-day abuses carried out by security forces andpersecution of particular social groups.
Question for discussion: To what extent has the Human Rights question been addressed inLatin America?
Must Read (3 items)
Beyond Transitional Justice: Exploring Continuities in Human Rights Abuses in Argentinabetween 1976 and 2010 - F. Lessa, 2011-03-01
Article | Essential
Political StudiesJournal | Essential | See: Especially Francisco Panizza: Human Rights in the Processes of
Transition and Consolidation of Democracy in Latin America (pages 168–188)
Please also bring to class for discussion a short article on one human rights case in theregion. This can be current or an historic case.
Additional Reading (17 items)
Developments in Latin American political economy: states, markets and actors - JuliaBuxton, Nicola Phillips, 1999
Book | See: Barahona de Brito A., The human rights movement and democratisation.
Human rights and democratization in Latin America: Uruguay and Chile - AlexandraBarahona de Brito, Oxford University Press, 1997
Book
The politics of human rights in Argentina: protest, change, and democratization - AlisonBrysk, 1994
Book
The Quest for Justice in Latin America - Review by: Rebecca Bill Chávez, 2010
Article | Review article useful for looking at relatively recent debates.
The struggle for human rights in Latin America - Edward L. Cleary, 1997Book
Post-transitional justice: human rights trials in Chile and El Salvador - Cath Collins, c2010Book
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Human Rights Trials in Chile during and after the 'Pinochet Years' - C. Collins, 2010-03-01Article
Constructing democracy: human rights, citizenship, and society in Latin America -Elizabeth Jelin, Eric Hershberg, 1996
Book | See: Intro and Conclusions
The Role of Truth Commissions in the Search for Justice, Reconciliation andDemocratisation: The Salvadorean and Honduran Cases - Mike Kaye, 1997
Article
International Human Rights Law and Practice in Latin America - Ellen L. Lutz and KathrynSikkink, 2000
Article
(Un)civil societies: human rights and democratic transitions in Eastern Europe and LatinAmerica - Rachel A. May, Andrew K. Milton, c2005
Book
The (un)rule of law and the underprivileged in Latin America - Juan E. Méndez, Guillermo A.O'Donnell, PauloSergio de M. S. Pinheiro, c1999
Book
The legacy of human-rights violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay- Luis Roniger, Mario Sznajder, 2003
Book
Impunity in Latin America - Rachel Sieder, University of London, c1995Book
Human rights, principled issue-networks, and sovereignty in Latin America - KathrynSikkink, 1993-6
Article
Indigenous organizations: rising actors in Latin America - Rodolfo Stavenhagen, August1997
Article
For more recent commentaries on human rights in the Americas, you should look atHuman Rights Watch, Inter-American Court of Human Rights and Amnesty International.
Week 9. Reading Week
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Week 10. The US Role in Latin America’s Political Development (29 items)In this session, we consider the changing role of the US in Latin America. From the 1823Monroe Doctrine onward, the US has sought to extend its influence in Latin America; oftenwith mixed results for societies in the South. During the Cold War, for example, the regionbecame a site of geopolitical contestation, as the US backed right-wing militaryauthoritarian regimes in an attempt to stymie perceived communist influence in theWestern Hemisphere. With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the US turned its attention towardsthe promotion of free-market, liberal democracies in Latin America, while also advancingits militarised drug war to the Andes and Mexico. US-advocated neoliberalism, though, hasbeen criticised for weakening democracy and deepening inequality across the region. The‘war on drugs’, meanwhile, has caused increased human rights abuses and heighteneddrug-violence. More recently, Latin America has slipped down the foreign policy agenda ofthe US, with a more assertive regional voice emerging on a range of international issues. With the rise of Trumpism, though, the future of US relations with its southern neighboursremains once more uncertain.
The session will provide a broad overview of US influence in Latin America, examining itsimplications for the region. We will discuss how the US has shaped the region’s politicaldevelopment, with a particular focus on democratisation and the ‘war on drugs’.
Question for discussion: In what ways has the US both promoted and impeded democracyin Latin America? To what extent should we ascribe blame for the region's historic andpresent-day problems (e.g. democratic breakdown, underdevelopment, drug-violence,etc.) to US intervention in the region?
Must read: (3 items)
Modern Latin America - Thomas E. Skidmore, Peter H. Smith, James Naylor Green, 2014Book | Essential | See: chapter 15, ‘Latin America in the World Arena, 1800s-1980s’
Talons of the eagle: dynamics of U.S.-Latin American relations - Peter H. Smith, 1996Book | Essential
Cocaine's Long March North, 1900-2010 - Paul Gootenberg, 2012-03Article | Essential
Additional Reading: (25 items)
Drug trafficking in the Americas - Bruce Michael Bagley, William O. Walker, University ofMiami. North-South Center, c1994
Book
The political economy of narcotics: production, consumption and global markets - JuliaBuxton, 2006
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Book
In the name of democracy: U.S. policy toward Latin America in the Reagan years - ThomasCarothers, c1991
Book
Explicit Narcotization: U.S. Policy toward Colombia during the Samper Administration -Russell Crandall, 2001
Article
The Post-American hemisphere: power and politics in an autonomous Latin America -Russell Crandall
Article
Cocaine politics: drugs, armies, and the CIA in Central America - Peter Dale Scott, JonathanMarshall, c1991
Book
Contemporary U.S.-Latin American relations: cooperation or conflict in the 21st century? -2016
Book
The United States and Latin America in the 1990s: beyond the Cold War - JonathanHartlyn, Lars Schoultz, Augusto Varas, c1992
Book
Innocent bystanders: developing countries and the war on drugs - Philip Keefer, NormanLoayza, c2010
Book | See: Drug Prohibition and Developing Countries: Uncertain Benefits, CertainCosts
Neighborly adversaries: readings in U.S.-Latin American relations - 2015Book
Drugs and Democracy: Toward a Paradigm Shift - Latin American Commission on Drugsand Democracy, 2008
Document
America's backyard: the United States and Latin America from the Monroe Doctrine to theWar on Terror - Grace Livingstone, c2009
Book
Addicted to failure: U.S. security policy in Latin America and the Andean Region - BrianLoveman, c2006
Book
Yankee no!: anti-Americanism in U.S.-Latin American relations - Alan L. McPherson, 2006Book
When states kill: Latin America, the U.S., and technologies of terror - Cecilia Menjívar,Néstor Rodriguez, 2005
Book
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US national security concerns in Latin America and the Caribbean: the concept ofungoverned spaces and failed states - Gary Prevost, Harry E. Vanden, Carlos Oliva, LuisFernando Ayerbe, 2014
Book
Will Latin America miss U.S. hegemony? - Christopher SabatiniArticle
Cooperation and hegemony in US-Latin American relations: revisiting the WesternHemisphere idea - SpringerLink (Online service), 2016
Book
Beneath the United States: a history of U.S. policy toward Latin America - Lars Schoultz,c1998
Book
Security, democracy, and development in U.S.-Latin American Relations - Lars Schoultz,William C. Smith, Augusto Varas, University of Miami. North-South Center, c1994
Book
Latin America in international politics: challenging US hegemony - Joseph S. Tulchin, 2016Book
Commentary: Obama's Latin America Policy: Continuity Without Change - Mark Weisbrot,2011
Article
Democracy and Its Discontents - Karyn Cooper, SpringerLink (Online service), 2015Book
Negotiating interference: US democracy promotion, Bolivia and the tale of a failedagreement - Jonas Wolff, 2017-04-03
Article
Drugs and democracy in Latin America: the impact of U.S. policy - Coletta Youngers, EileenRosin, c2005
Book
Week 11. Post-neoliberal Latin America? Latin America’s Pink Tide (25items)
There is a long history of leftist struggle in Latin America. The election of HugoChavez in Venezuela in 1998, though, was heralded as the beginning of a new phase forthe Left in the region. A flurry of left-leaning government soon followed: the Kirchners inArgentina, Lula/Rousseff in Brazil, Bachelet in Chile, Tabaré Vázquez in Uruguay, Ortega inNicaragua, Correa in Ecuador, and Morales in Bolivia. This has been described as a ‘pinktide’, shorthand for a much more complex set of forces. Higgenbottom (2007) argues that‘Underneath the ‘pink tide’ formula that summarises the general move to the left, thereswirl eddies and cross currents that make up a far more complicated reality than appears
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on the surface. If there is a broad pattern it is that everything is up for grabs, as the regionarguably navigates the greatest political whirlpool since independence 185 or so yearsago’. More recently, though, the region has witnessed the crisis of Chavismo in Venezuelaand swing back to the right in a range of countries. Many are questioning whether thepink-tide has now receded.
In this session, we examine the implications of the pink-tide for democratic politics in theregion and debate the extent to which post-neoliberalism notion is played out in practice.We consider the resurgence of the Right and discuss whether this signals the end of thepink-tide.
Questions for discussion: Which analysis of the left is more convincing - Robinson orCastañeda? Does "post-neoliberalism" mean "after neoliberalism"? To which extent doesthe term "post-neoliberalism" help us to understand Latin American politics in the 21stcentury? Is the 'pink-tide' over?
Must Read (4 items)
Transformative Possibilities in Latin America - W RobinsonArticle | Essential
Latin America's Left Turn - Jorge G. Castañeda, 2006Article | Essential
Post-neoliberalism in Latin America: Rebuilding and Reclaiming the State after Crisis - JeanGrugel, Pía Riggirozzi, 2012-01
Article | Essential
The right in Latin America: elite power, hegemony and the struggle for the state - BarryCannon, Ebooks Corporation Limited, 2016
Book | Essential | See: especially the Introduction
Additional Reading (20 items)
Arguments about the Left Turns in Latin America: A Post-Liberal Politics? - Benjamin Arditi,2008
Article
Venezuela's Contemporary Political Crisis in Historical Context - Julia Buxton, 2005-07Article
Central America, civil society and the ‘pink tide’: democratization or de-democratization? -Barry Cannon, Mo Hume, 2012-12
Article
Utopia unarmed: the Latin American left after the Cold War - Jorge G. Castañeda, c1993Book
The Left in Latin America: Theory and Practice - Ronald H. Chilcote, 2003
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Article
The "Radical" Thesis on Globalization and the Case of Venezuela's Hugo Chávez - SteveEllner, 2002
Article
Hugo Chávez's First Decade in Office: Breakthroughs and Shortcomings - Steve Ellner,2010
Article
The third wave of democratization in Latin America: advances and setbacks - FrancesHagopian, Scott Mainwaring, MyiLibrary, 2005
Book
Dismantling the populist state: the unfinished revolution in Latin America and theCaribbean - Shahid Javed Burki, Sebastian Edwards, World Bank, c1996
Book
Impasse in Bolivia: neoliberal hegemony and popular resistance - Benjamin H. Kohl, LindaC. Farthing, c2006
Book
Reclaiming Latin America: experiments in radical social democracy - Geraldine Lievesley,Steve Ludlam, 2009
Book | Excellent for case studies.
The resilience of the Latin American right - Juan Pablo Luna, Cristobal Rovira Kaltwasser,2014
Book
Review: Venezuela's Hugo Chavez: Savior or Threat to Democracy - Review by: Maxwell A. Cameron , Flavie Major, 2001
Article
Contemporary Latin America: development and democracy beyond the Washingtonconsensus - Francisco Panizza, Dawson Books, 2009
Book | Useful critique of Washington Consensus and overview of leftist governments.
Democracy and revolution: Latin America and socialism today - Dawn Linda Raby, 2006Book
Latin America's political economy of the possible: beyond good revolutionaries andfree-marketeers - Javier Santiso, 2007
Book
The Rise of the Right in Latin America? - 1 - YouTube
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Audio-visual document
Bulletin of Latin American ResearchArticle | Special issue: The Millions Return? Democracy in Bolivia at the Start of the
Twenty-first Century.
Latin American Perspectives - Benjamin Kohl, July 2010Journal | Special issue: Bolivia Under Morales.
Third World Quarterly. Special Issue: Latin America's Left Turns - 2009Journal
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