launched: 31st may 1911 total lost: 1,502 (68%) passengers lost: 818 (62%) crew lost: 684 (77%)...

Launched: 31st May 1911 Total Lost: 1,502 (68%)

Passengers Lost: 818 (62%) Crew Lost: 684 (77%)

TITANIC

WHY did soooo many die as they awaited rescue in the North Sea?

WHY did soooo many die as they awaited rescue in the North Sea? HINT: THE NORTH

SEA IS COLD!!!!!

Function of Cellular Respiration…harvesting the harvesting the energyenergy of food of food

for ATP for ATP synthesis… so the synthesis… so the cells have energy cells have energy

for workfor work

WHAT if there is WHAT if there is NO NO electronegativeelectronegative oxygenoxygen to pull to pull electrons electrons down the chain???? down the chain???? Oxidative phosporylation Oxidative phosporylation

STOPS!STOPS!GAAAAK!!!!

Pyruvate

Glucose

CYTOSOL

No O2 presentFermentation

Ethanolor

lactate

Acetyl CoA

MITOCHONDRION

O2 present Cellular respiration

Citricacidcycle

FermentationFermentation - -

the synthesis of ATP the synthesis of ATP

via. glycolysis via. glycolysis ONLYONLY in the in the absence of oxygenabsence of oxygen

Alcohol fermentation is done by yeast and some kinds of bacteria.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

yeast / bacteria.

The waste products of this process are ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2).

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are needed to see this picture.

yeast / bacteria.

The waste products of this process are ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Humans have long taken advantage of this process in making bread, beer, and wine.

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are needed to see this picture.

Alcohol Fermentation -Alcohol Fermentation -

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

Carboxyl Carboxyl (X2)(X2) to CO to CO2 2 (X2)(X2) - -

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

Acetaldehyde produced (Acetaldehyde produced (X2)X2) --

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

Acetaldehyde (Acetaldehyde (X2)X2) REDUCEDREDUCED --

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

Ethanol Produced (Ethanol Produced (X2)X2) - -

Alcohol Fermentation -Alcohol Fermentation -

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

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are needed to see this picture.

FermentationFermentation - - after glycolysis after glycolysis

(no O(no O2 2 available)available)Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi, some bacteria like in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles.

FermentationFermentation - - after glycolysis after glycolysis

(no O(no O2 2 available)available)Lactic acid fermentation is done by some fungi, some bacteria like in yogurt, and sometimes by our muscles.

Normally our muscles do cellular respiration like the rest of our bodies, using O2 supplied by our lungs and blood. However, under greater exertion when the oxygen supplied by the lungs and blood system can’t get there fast enough to keep up with the muscles’ needs, our muscles can switch over and do lactic acid fermentation. In the process of lactic acid fermentation, the 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules are turned into lactic acid.

LacticLactic AcidAcid FermentationFermentation --

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

Pyruvate (Pyruvate (X2)X2) reduced by reduced by NADH-NADH-

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

Lactate (Lactate (X2) formedX2) formed - -

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

FermentationFermentation - -

+ 2 H+

2 NADH2 NAD+

2 ATP2 ADP + 2 P

2 Pyruvate

2 Lactate

Lactic acid fermentation

Glucose Glycolysis

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

FermentationFermentation - - extension of extension of

glycolysisglycolysisAnaerobic catabolism of organic molecules.•Yields only 2 ATP’s

•Electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate (not the e- transport chain)

Figure 9.18 Pyruvate as a key juncture in catabolism

aerobiaerobicc

anaerobic

FermentatiFermentationon

no oxygen

3.5bya