leaders in the use of technology in nursing education to collaborate with the global community abnf...

Leaders in the Use of Technology in Nursing Education to

Collaborate with the Global Community

The Association of Black Nursing Faculty 23rd Annual Meeting and

Scientific ConferenceParis, France

A Livestream Video Presentation

Sheila P. Davis, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor of Nursing

&Jil Wright

Instructional DesignerJune 11, 2010

The University of Southern Mississippi

Hattiesburg, MSFunded by HRSA Grant D11HP14611

Over 4.6 million students were taking at least one online course during the fall 2008 term

A 17 percent increase over the number reported the previous year.

More than one in four higher education students now take at least one course online Instructors noted that providing instructional support in the online medium required much more time and effort than in a face-to-face setting.

Technology Surge

Learning on Demand: the Sloan Consortium

Learning on Demand: Online Education in the United States, 2009 ( Allen & Seaman, 2010)

The economic impact has been greatest on demand for online courses, with 66% of institutions reporting increased demand for new courses and programs and 73 % seeing increased demand for existing online courses and programs.

Sloan Consortium Findings

Public Institutions ( 74%) are more likely to believe that online is critical for their long-term strategy than either private for-profit (51%) or private nonprofit ( 50%) institutions.

Sloan Consortium Findings

The most common training approaches for online faculty are internally run training courses ( 65%) and informal mentoring ( 59%)

Need of Immediacy

The best predictor of quality of an online course consists of use of technologies such as email and discussion boards that enhanced teacher immediacy and social presence

Teachers can be at a distance, but students want immediacy and social presence.

Can the two coexist and should they?

Kolb’s Learning Style Model

Dunn and Dunn Model of Learning Style Preferences

Dunn, Griggs, Olson, Beasley & Gorman (1995) – Meta – Analytic Validation of the Dunn and Dunn Model of Learning Style Preferences:

Findings – matching students’ learning –style preferences with educational interventions compatible with those preferences is beneficial to their academic achievement.

Significantly higher standardized achievement scores resulted among previously failing students when they were taught with strategies that complemented their learning strategies

Learning Styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures

(Cassidy 2004)Learning Style Theorists• Witkin (1962)

Field-dependence/independence• Kagan (1965) Impulsivity-reflexivity• Holzman and Klein (1954) Leveller-

sharpener• Pask (1972) Holist-serialist• Pavio (1971) Verbaliser-visualiser• Gregorc (1982) Style delineator• Kauffmann (1979) Assimilator-explorer• Kirton (1994) Adaption-innovation• Allinson and Hayes (1996) Intuition-analysis• Kolb (1984) ELM• Honey and Mumford (1992) LSQ• Vermunt (1994) LSI

Learning Style Theorists• Kolb (1984) ELM• Honey and Mumford (1992) LSQ• Vermunt (1994) LSI• Entwistle & Tait (1995) Surface-deep• Biggs et al. (2001) SPQ• Schmeck et al. (1991) ILP• Hunt, Butler, Noy, and Rosser (1978)

Conceptual level• Dunn, Dunn, and Price (1989) LSI• Reichmann and Grasha (1974) Styles of

learning interaction model• Ramirez and Castenada (1974) Child rating

form• Reinert (1976) ELSIE• Hill (1976) Cognitive Style Interest Inventory• Letteri (1980) Learner types

The Sum of Learning Styles

Dunn, Jeffery, Beaudry & Klavas (1989)

Everyone has a learning style – all have at least some preference- the results of many influences.

No learning style is either better or worse than another. Since each style has similar intelligence ranges, a student cannot be labeled or stigmatized by having any type of style. Most students can master the same content: how they master it is determined by individual styles.

Four Generations Working or Studying on Campuses Today

Traditionalists

Baby Boomers

Generation X

Millennials

TraditionalistsBorn between 1900 and 1942

Account for 75 million people in U.S.

Technology morphed exponentially during their lifetime

Baby BoomersBorn between 1943 and 1960

Account for 80 million Americans

Technology development: adding machines, rotary phones, calculators, eight track tapes, automatic typewriters

Vietnam, Space race, Watergate

Generation XBorn Between 1961 and 1981

Latchkey kids

AIDS – child kidnappings

Gulf War

Cutting edge technology – video games, VCRs, cable TV, personal computers, microwave ovens, ATM machines, cell phones.

Millennials Born after 1981

Began arriving on college campuses in 2000

The Tidal Wave

2010 projected to be the peak year for their entrance into college

The most racially and ethnically diverse generation in U. S. history

1 in 4 grew up in a single parent home

Cutting age technology – IPods/MP3s, camera phones, PDAs, digital cameras, personal DVD players, and virtual reality

Learning Styles of the Multi-Generational Workforce

Source: http://joshbersin.com/2007/10/01/a-new-organizational-learning-model-learning-on-demand

Learning Styles and EthnicityJacobs 1987

African Americans

High achievers – had strong preference for teacher motivation

Average achievers – had strong preference for auditory learning

Low achievers – had a strong preference for persistence

Male high achievers preferred less structure than female average and low achievers.

Male low achievers preferred authority figures present while learning than did females.

Euro Americans High achievers – preferred

auditory learning

Average achievers were - teacher motivated

Low achievers – less persistent

Ethnic Minority Students Walden University – minority enrollment

jumped from 600 in 2001 to 3,500 in 2005.

Greatest jump in graduate programs.

“ Everyone, to me at least, is judged on a fair basis…. When you are online, nobody is a minority.”

Learning Styles and Ethnicity Pew Internet and American Life Project

AA access the Internet via handheld devices more than whites, for whom an online connection is more likely to come from an ISP-connected computer.

The digital divide between AA and WA diminishes when mobile use is taken into account.

Chris Dede of Harvard Graduate School of Education (2004)

Portrayal of generational learning is over simplified

For almost all types of personal attributes, differences among individuals are greater than dissimilarities between groups.

The learning preference ascribed to millennials are increasingly true for many students across a variety of ages – driven by the tools and media used everyday.

Technology in Healthcare As of February 2010, there were nearly 6,000 apps related

to health and health care within the Apple App Store.

73% were intended for use by consumer or patient end-users, while 27% were targeted to health care professionals.

Provider apps include alerts, medical reference tools, diagnostic tools, continuing medical education, and patient records programs.

Consumer-oriented apps include those for medication compliance, mobile and home monitoring, home care, managing conditions, and wellness/fitness.

Technology in HealthcareOne of the few free iPhone apps, Epocrates Rx includes a drug guide, formulary information and drug interaction checker.

This product also includes continual free updates and medical news. Plus, this app resides on your device so you can look for information without wireless connections.

Technology in Healthcare

Glucose-Charter is a blood glucose, insulin and medication recording app for iPhone.

Patients can self-monitor, nurses can use it to check patients.

Technology in Healthcare

Nursing Central is the premier source of disease, drug, and test information for nurses. It also includes a leading dictionary and literature searching. Get quick answers wherever you need them—on your handheld device or via the web.

Technology in HealthcareInformation is shifting in a way that provides

easy access to references and patient information to healthcare providers and opens doors for innovative ways of engaging patients.

What is an Instructional Designer?

In 2003, Williams, defined competencies one must possess to play an effective role as an instructional designer in distance education programs in higher

education.

These skills were listed as:

Knowledge of instructional design for interactive technologies Knowledge of Media Attributes Knowledge of education theory Skill with internet tools for instruction Knowledge of teaching strategies and models Web related programming skills Knowledge of learning styles & theories

What is an Instructional Designer?

I can hammer a nail, but that doesn’t make me a carpenter.

Image Credit: Cayusa

It’s not about the tools. It’s about the expertise needed to use the tools in conjunction with each other in an effective, efficient, and professional manner.

Essential Qualities of Instructional Designers

Passion for teaching & learningPassion for technology & innovationLife long learnerWorks well with diverse groups of peoplePartner well with faculty to achieve goals

& outcomes

Essential Qualities of Instructional Designers

Expertise in:Learning StylesGenerational learning differencesAccessibility & Universal Design

Technical expertise in:Current technologies for teaching & learning,

such as web 2.0 toolsAudio & VideoWeb technologiesVarious types of software

Technology in EducationTechnology Revolution

21st century revolution is comparable to the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries. The distinction of today’s revolution of labor markets is the rate and the scale of change in technological developments.

Preparing learners for a future we may not be able to imagine

Moore’s Law - 2016

Source: Robinson, K. (2008)

Technology in Education

Tools that allow users to interact with each other as content contributors, in contrast to passive viewing of information that is provided to them.

Interactive Collaborative User-centered

Blogs Wikis Social Networking Sites Video sharing sites (Youtube, Vimeo, etc.) Social Bookmarking

Web 2.0 Technologies

Image Source: Luca Cremonini

Technology in Education

Mobile LearningConvenientOn-demandGood for multitaskers

Audio Podcasts (mp3)Video Vodcasts(mp4)Mobile applications

Technology in Education

Mobile Learning

Technology in Education

PodcastingPodcasting is a way to share information through

MP3 audio files. Podcasts are shared by their authors,

downloaded by users and can be subscribed to using a RSS reader.

They can be played with MP3 players & many other mobile devices.

Podcasts allow learners to listen to lectures, articles or blog posts while sitting in a traffic jam, exercising, or other times that are convenient.

Technology in Education

PodcastingMicrophone or headset

A digital audio recorder

Audio editing software (Audacity is free!)

RSS feed creator (Podcastgen)

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

Social MediaSocial Networking

Synchronous Communication

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

Twitter

Twitter is an online “microblogging” tool that is much like sending texts.

Messages can be up to 140 characters and are broadcast through the service.

People can choose to follow your updates (aka "tweets")

you can follow others to see their tweets. 

Twitter is now attracting 190 million visitors per month and generating

65 million Tweets a day.

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

Why Twitter? It sounds like a waste of time!

Do not tweet only about what you are doing. Tweet about what is holding your attention.

Expand your social network

Learn from experts & share your own expertise

Stay on top of the news & cutting edge trends

See the best information & resources on the web about topics of interest

Personal Development

Mentoring

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

To join go to www.twitter.com and sign up for a new account. It’s best to keep your username short.

Make sure to use a valid e-mail address so you can confirm your account.

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

Find people you would like to follow. www.mrtweet.com is a good place to find people by the subject matter they tweet about most often.

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

Look who the people you follow are following.

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

How to Tweet:

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

Twitter Lingo:

RT – re-tweets (re-sends) something that someone else has tweeted

@username – replys to someone. If you wanted to reply to me, you would type @itjil then your message.

D – direct message to a twitter user that is private

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

• Use Tweetdeck – it’s free!

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

• Use Tweetdeck – it’s free!

Click to search

Enter search term

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

• Social Networking Sites– Facebook (Over 500 Nursing Groups)

– LinkedIn (130 Nursing Groups)

– Professional Communities• http://www.nurselinkup.com• http://nursinglink.monster.com/• http://www.medicalmingle.com/• http://www.nursescafe.com/• http://nursescience.ning.com/• http://www.nurseconnect.com/

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global Community

• Social Networking – Slideshare.net

Share presentations with the global community as well as view other people’s work.

Strategies for Linking Local Classroom with Global CommunitySynchronous CommunicationLearners and teachers experience

synchronous e-learning as more social and avoid

frustration by asking and answering questions in real time.

ChatVideo conferencing (Dim Dim is free)Skype (you can record skype with these

tools)

Conclusion

Technology is driving the new teaching/ pedagogy

Faculty have to develop capabilities in :Co-DesignCo-InstructionGuided Social ConstructivismAssessments Beyond Tests and

Papers

Recommendations for Assuming Leadership in Use of Technology

Be judicious and hire an instructional designer

Consider use of Web 2.0 tools, Twitter, Podcasts

Reconsider the length of paper assignments

Don’t try to master all the technology at once

RecommendationsInvite students to introduce

technology, be real and humbleDon’t close your eyes on the

neo-millennial ageMandate that all students have

access to technologyConsider writing a grant for

enhanced technology.

Questions/Comments/Sharing

• Questions the presentation?

• Comments about the presentation

• What are you doing with technology and what do you propose to do? Do you have partners? What type of support is there for use of technology at your institution?

• What technologies have you personally incorporated?

Sheila P. Davis, PhD, RN, FAAN Professor of Nursing

Email: Sheila.Davis@usm.eduTwitter: http://twitter.com/spdavis777Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/drspdavisOnline Journal of Health Ethics: http://www.ojhe.org

Jil WrightInstructional Designer

Email: Jillian.Wright@usm.eduBlog: http://itjil.blogspot.comTwitter: http://www.twitter.com/itjilLinkedIn: http://www.linkedin.com/in/itjilSlideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/itjilVimeo: http://www.vimeo.com/itjil/videosYoutube: http://www.youtube.com/user/itjilWebsite: http://www.jilwright.com

Website

A website to accompany this presentation may be accessed at:

https://sites.google.com/site/usmabnf2010/

The site contains more information and tutorials. More information will be added and this presentation will be made available there.

Instructional Designers have been referred to as industrial designers or instructional/educational technologists, curriculum developers, as well as learning specialists. In 1997, Ganzel stated that for some people, the title "instructional designer" does not say enough. Many instructional designers are also multimedia producers, webmasters, and developers of online learning and interactions. This means that different computer programming languages may be utilized to create tools for instruction and evaluation of instruction. Depending on the job at hand an instructional designer may wear many hats.

Special Thanks• Special Thanks for ABNF founding

president – Dr. Sallie Tucker Allen for her visionary leadership and all conference organizers and attendees

• The University of Southern Mississippi Administrators, Faculty and Staff

• MY Staff – Sonia Adams, Demetra Bates, Laura Hudson and Jillian Wright

• My family (Melvin, etc)• My Father who is the source of my life!