learn yourself carbon and it's compounds - carbon commandos.pptx
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CONFUSED LETS SEE THEDIFFERENCE
Difference between Organic And Inorganic compounds.
Organic Inorganic
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More On CovalentBonding
The bonds in covalent bonding with itself ( C-C) is quite strong but with others is weak .Thus the melting and boiling points are quitelow.
Also in ionic the bonds are tight and due toion formation they are good conductors ofheat and electricity in contrast to covalentbonds due to unavailability of carbon
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What Is Carbon ? Non-metallic element of group IV-A which constitutes only about0.009 % by mass of Earths crust.(but it is the 6 th most abundant
element in the universe) It is tetravalent ( Valency 4 ) Exists in three isotopes: 12 C, 13 C,
14 C Has the unique ability to form long
chains (consisting of more than 50C atoms) and stable five or six- membered rings called c ten t ion
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Physical Properties Of Carbon..
Atomic number: 6 Electron Configuration: K-2 , L-4
Atomic mass: 12.0107 amu Melting Point: 3,823 K Boiling Point: 4,098 K Density: 2.2670 g/cm 3 Phase (room temperature): Solid
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Diamond
Hard Bad Conductor.
Carbon tightly bondedwith other 3 . No freeelectrons
Graphite
Soft & Brittle Good Conductor as
Carbons atoms are likefuzed benzene atoms butdue to only 2 double bonds1 electron are free
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Description
Diamond ishardest
substance whichis used for
drilling holesand cuttingglass
Graphite issoft andused in
pencil leadsand as drylubricant
BuckministerFullerene isin the shapefootball and
isresearchedupon.
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Bonding with Carbon. The electronic configuration of carbon is K-2 L-4 .
Thus it needs +- 4 electrons to complete its octetor duplet.
Thus, if it loses 4 electrons then too much ofenergy will be required which may lead to an atomcollapse. The story is similar as if it gains 4electrons than a small nucleus wont be able to
withstand such a huge force. Thus , the extremenecessity of carbon to become stable leads tomutual sharing of electrons.
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Covalent Bonding As mentioned earlier Carbon has to share its electrons to attain its
noble gas configuration. So, Carbon needs 4 electrons to complete its Octet . Thus, Caron
and its valance's will be represented as
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Covalent Bond except Carbon
Covalent bonding happened with atoms other that carbons such as OxygenNitrogen and in compounds such as Water. In covalent bonding actuallyelectrons are shares at vey high sppeds . This occurs between a non metalwith another
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Hydrocarbons
Now when we know carbon can combine withitself and with hydrogen , when carbon doeslike this the resulting compound which isstable is known as a hydrocarbon. For eg- CH 4
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CLASSIFYING HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbon
Aliphatic or
Open Chain
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Carbocyclic
Aromatic
Alicyclic
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Types Of Hydrocarbon
Alkane
Single bond
CnH2n+2 ( n- number of carbon atoms )
Alkene
Double bond CnH2n ( n- number of carbon atoms )
Alkyne
Triple Bonds CnH2n-2 ( n- number of carbon atoms)
Alicyclic
They have single or double bond between carbon atoms in a branch . Eg-Cyclopropane.
Aromatic They have single and double forms in a cycle form. Eg. benzene
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Alkane Alkene And Alkyne
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Alkanes The general formula of alkane is C nH2n+2 ( n- number of carbon atoms)
Examples of alkanes: CH 4
Thus series of alkanes is-
Methane CH4
Ethane -C2H6
Propane -C3H8
Butane -C4H10
Pentane -C5H12
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Alkenes The general formula of alkene is C nH2n ( n- number of carbon atoms)
Examples of alkenes: C 2H4 It starts from 2 carbon atoms as 2 carbon atoms aremust for a double bond.
Thus series of alkenes is-
Ethene
Propene
ButenePentene
Hexene
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Alkyne
Ethyne
Propyne
ButynePentyne
Hexyne
The general formula of alkene is C nH2n-2 ( n- number of carbon atoms)
Examples of alkynes: C2H
2It starts from 2 carbon atoms as 2 carbon atoms are must for a doublebond.
Thus series of alkynes is-
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More On Alkanes
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More On Alkenes
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More On Alkynes
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Saturated AndUnsaturated
Unsaturated Saturated
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Reasons For Large No. Ofcarbon Compounds
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