leaving cert: design & communication graphics revision

KEEP CALM

AND

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DESIGN & COMMUNICATION GRAPHICS (D.C.G.) LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAM GUIDANCE & REVISION NOTES JOSEPH LYSTER LINE IT OUT © PATRICIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL NEWBRIDGE, CO. KILDARE, REP. OF IRELAND. mailto: josephlyster@patriciansecondary.com Website: www.slideshare.net/WT4603

A. EXAM GUIDANCE [GENERAL] 1. FORMAT 2. TIMING 3. SUGGESTED APPROACH B. CORE GEOMETRY TOPICS [SECTION A+B] 1. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION 2. AUXILIARY PROJECTION 3. AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION 4. DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES 5. ROTATION OF OBJECTS 6. SOLIDS IN CONTACT 7. OBLIQUE PROJECTION 8. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY 9. SKEW LINES 10. PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION 11. CONIC SECTIONS C. APPLIED GRAPHICS [SECTION C] 1. GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY 2. STRUCTURAL FORMS 3. SURFACE GEOMETRY

CONTENTS

FORMAT:

EXAM DURATION

HIGHER LEVEL = 3 HOURS

ORDINARY LEVEL = 3 HOURS

EXAM PAPER STRUCTURE

THREE SECTIONS IN EXAM PAPER

SECTION A = MIXED TOPIC SHORT QUESTIONS

FOUR SHORT QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY THREE)

SECTION B = CORE GEOMETRY

THREE LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TWO)

SECTION C = APPLIED GRAPHIC

FIVE LONG QUESTIONS (ANSWER ANY TWO)

EXAM GUIDANCE

TIMING: HIGHER & ORDINARY LEVEL: 3 HOURS (180 MINUTES)

SPEND 3 TO 5 MINUTES PREVIEWING EXAM PAPER AT START

SECTION A: RECOMMENDED TIME = 45 MINUTES MAX

SECTION B: RECOMMENDED TIME = 65 MINUTES MAX (32.5 MIN/QUESTION)

SECTION C: RECOMMENDED TIME = 65 MINUTES MAX (32.5 MIN/QUESTION)

KEY TIP: WHEN STUDYING, GET INTO THE HABIT OF DOING QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO THE TIMING SUGGESTED. WHEN IN THE EXAM, HAVE TIME QUES OR BE VIGILANT OF TIME DURING THE EXAM TO REMIND YOU TO PROGRESS FROM ONE QUESTION TO ANOTHER.

EXAM GUIDANCE

SUGGESTED APPROACH: BE ‘SMART’… DON’T PANIC, EASY FOR ME TO SAY BUT REALLY DON’T PANIC. THE EXAM PAPER WILL

LOOK DIFFERENT BECAUSE ALL OF THE QUESTIONS ARE NEW AND PREVIOUSLY UNSEEN. TAKE A MINUTE TO RELAX AND THEN CONFIRM TO YOURSELF THAT YOU ARE REFINED IN THE METHODS /UNDERSTANDING TO ANSWERING SUCH QUESTIONS. REMEMBER THAT YEAR ON YEAR THE FACE OF THE QUESTIONS MAY CHANGE BUT THE DETAIL IS THE SAME, THE METHODS ARE CONSISTENT AND THERE IS A LOGICAL SEQUENCE TO BE FOLLOWED IN ALL CASES.

UPON REVIEW OF EXAM PAPER, MARK THE QUESTIONS YOU FEEL MOST CONFIDENT ABOUT DOING

DO SECTION ‘A’ FIRST AND BEGIN WITH WHATEVER QUESTION YOU FEEL YOU CAN ANSWER BEST

MOVE ONTO SECTION ‘B’ AND AGAIN BEGIN WITH YOUR STRONGEST QUESTION

MOVE ONTO SECTION ‘C’ AND ONCE MORE BEGIN WITH YOUR STRONGEST QUESTION

IN ALL CASES, REMEMBER TO DOUBLE CHECK WHAT THE QUESTION IS ASKING YOU. IT IS NOT UNCOMMON TO PRESUME SOMETHING OR OVERLOOK SOMETHING. BE DILLIGENT HERE.

IF ALL ELSE FAILS JUST HAVE A GO. DO WHAT YOU CAN AND REMEMBER AN AUXILIARY VIEW HERE OR THERE WILL DO NO HARM

IF YOU HAVE TIME AT THE END, SPEND IT BY REVIEWING THE WORK YOU HAVE DONE OR TIDYING UP/FINISHING INCOMPLETE QUESTIONS

DO NOT LEAVE THE EXAM HALL WITHOUT HAVING ATTEMPTED THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF QUESTIONS TO THE BEST OF YOUR ABILITY.

EXAM GUIDANCE

MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ALL OF THE REQUIRED DRAWING EQUIPMENT

WITH YOU FOR THE EXAM!!!

EXAM GUIDANCE

2016 PREDICTIONS

A1 A2 A3 A4 B1 B2 B3 C1 C2 C3

2009 CONIC PERSPECTIVE AXONOMETRIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT OBLIQUE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY INTERPENETRATION STANDARD, RISING ETC.

HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

AND HYPERBOLOID OF

REVOLUTION

CONICAL SURFACE

DEVELOPMENT WITH CONIC

FOCAL SPHERE ETC.

2010 SKEW LINES AXONOMETRIC CONIC OBLIQUE PERSPECTIVE OBLIQUE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD, RISING ETC. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

OVEN HOOD STRUCTURE WITH

CYLINDRICAL SURFACE

DEVELOPMENT

2011 AUXILIARY CONIC SKEW LINES SOLIDS IN CONTACT INTERPENETRATION AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC CONIC STANDARD, FALLING ETC. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL

2012 AXONOMETRIC AUXILIARY ROTATION PERSPECTIVE CONIC INTERPENETRATION CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY STANDARD, FALLING ETC.HYPERBOLOID OF

REVOLUTIONROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL

2013 ORTHOGRAPHIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT INTERPENETRATION SKEW LINES OBLIQUE AXONOMETRIC DIMETRIC PERSPECTIVE AND SKEW LINES STANDARD, FALLING ETC.SHELL TRANSLATION

STRUCTURE

DIAMOND SUFACE

STRUCTURE, USUAL

2014 ORTHOGRAPHIC OBLIQUE CONIC PERSPECTIVE CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY AXONOMETRIC TRIMETRIC AUXILIARY STANDARD, RISING ETC.SHELL TRANSLATION

STRUCTUREROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL

2015OBLIQUE

PLANES/ORTHOGRAPHICCONIC

CO-ORDINATE

GEOMETRY/OBLIQUE PLANESSKEW LINES AUXILIARY/CONIC

AXONOMETRIC/

INTERPENETRATIONPERSPECTIVE

STANDARD, ROAD RISING,

THICKNESS OF STRATUM AND

VERTICAL PROFILING

HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

WITH AUXILIARY AND SKEW

LINES

ROOF STRUCTURE - USUAL

2016? PERSPECTIVE AXONOMETRIC SOLIDS IN CONTACT ORTHOGRAPHIC/AUXILIARYOBLIQUE/CO-ORDINATE

GEOMETRYCONIC INTERPENETRATION STANDARD

HYPERBOLOID OF

REVOLUTION & SHELL

ROOF &

CONICAL/CYLINDRICAL

THIS IS ONLY A GUESS! PREPARE FOR ALL TOPICS EQUALLY!

OVERVIEW

WE DRAW USING ‘FIRST ANGLE’ PROJECTION AND IN THE CONTEXT OF D.C.G. ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION IS FUNDAMENTAL TO ALL TOPIC AREAS, JUST AS PARAGRAPHS ARE IN THE STRUCTURING OF AN ENGLISH ESSAY.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION ALLOWS US TO SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGE MUTLIPLE VIEWS OF A GIVEN OBJECT/STRUCTURE ETC IN A MANNER THAT ALLOWS FOR COMMON INTERPRETATION.

WE HAVE THREE TYPICAL VIEWS, NAMELY ELEVATION [FRONT VIEW], PLAN [TOP VIEW] & END VIEW [SIDE VIEW].

WE ALSO HAVE AUXILIARY VIEWS, OF WHICH WE CAN HAVE AN AUXILIARY PLAN VIEW OR AN AUXILIARY ELEVATION VIEW. WE WILL CLARIFY BOTH FURTHER ON IN THESE STUDY NOTES.

IN CONSIDERATION OF STANDARD ORTHOGRAPHIC VIEWS, THIS EXIST ON THE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL PROJECTION PLANES.

WE ALSO HAVE AUXILIARY PLANES, SIMPLY INCLINED PLANES, OBLIQUE PLANES AND AXONOMETRIC PLANES THAT ALL FACILITATE VARIOUS FORMS OF TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES AND GEOMETRY.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION DEALING WITH CURVED SURFACES IN ORTHOGRAPHIC

OVERVIEW

STANDARD AUXILIARY PROJECTION

AUXILIARY ELEVATION

AUXILIARY PLAN

AUXILIARY ELEVATION: PROJECT FROM PLAN AND TAKE MEASUREMENTS FROM ELEVATION

AUXILIARY PLAN: PROJECT FROM ELEVATION AND TAKE MEASUREMENTS FROM PLAN

AUXILIARY PROJECTION

AUXILIARY ELEVATION

OVERVIEW

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

OVERVIEW

AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION

TYPE 1: ISOMETRIC AXONOMETRIC PLANE IS AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE IN QUESTION ASSUME AS NORMAL

TYPE 2: DIMETRIC AXONOMETRIC PLANE IS AN ISOSCELES TRIANGLE IN QUESTION FOLLOW GIVEN ANGLES

TYPE 3: TRIMETRIC AXONOMETRIC PLANE IS AN IRREGULAR TRIANGLE IN QUESTION FOLLOW GIVEN ANGLES

AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION ISOMETRIC

AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION DIMETRIC

AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION DIMETRIC

AXONOMETRIC PROJECTION TRIMETRIC

OVERVIEW

SIMPLY INCLINED PLANES

SIMPLY INCLINED PLANE EXAMPLE

OBLIQUE PLANES

OBLIQUE PLANES LOCATING POINTS USING TRACE METHOD

OBLIQUE PLANES PENTAGONAL EXAMPLE TRUE SHAPE USING AUXILIARY

OBLIQUE PLANES CYLINDER EXAMPLE TRUE SHAPE USING AUXILIARY

OBLIQUE PLANES ADVANCED EXAMPLE

1 2

3 4 5

OBLIQUE PLANES EXAM EXAMPLE

OBLIQUE PLANES EXAM EXAMPLE

OBLIQUE PLANES EXAM EXAMPLE

OVERVIEW

INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS

INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS

INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS

INTERPENETRATION OF SOLIDS

OVERVIEW

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

FINDING AUXILIARY VP

STANDARD SET-UP

1

2

REVERSE METHOD

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

PERSPECTIVE PROJECTION

OVERVIEW

CONIC SECTIONS

ELLIPSE BY CONCENTRIC CIRCLES METHOD

PARABOLA BY RECTANGLE METHOD

CLASSIFICATION OF CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

CONIC SECTIONS

OVERVIEW

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY TYPE 1: COMMON LINE

LINE AB = LINE OF INTERSECTION [LOI] X1Y1 PARALLEL TO LINE AB IN PLAN X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TRUE LENGTH OF LOI

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK INTO PLAN VIEW

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO ELEVATION

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY TYPE 2: COMMON POINT

POINT A = COMMON POINT USE A LEVEL CUT LINE FIND LINE OF INTERSECTION [LOI] IN PLAN X1Y1 PARALLEL TO ‘LOI’ X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TRUE LENGTH OF LOI

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK INTO PLAN VIEW

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO ELEVATION

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

TYPE 3: NO COMMON POINT NO COMMON LINE

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK INTO PLAN VIEW

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO ELEVATION

POINT A = COMMON POINT USE ‘TWO’ LEVEL CUT LINES FIND LINE OF INTERSECTION [LOI] IN PLAN X1Y1 PARALLEL TO ‘LOI’ X2Y2 PERPENDICULAR TO TRUE LENGTH OF LOI

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY SKEW LINES SHORTEST DISTANCE

USE LEVEL LINE FIND POINT ‘O’ IN ELEVATION AND PLAN X1Y1 PERPENDICULAR TO LINE ‘AO’ IN PLAN X2Y2 PARALLEL TO LINES ‘AB’ AND ‘CD’ IN FIRST AUXILIARY

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK INTO PLAN VIEW

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO ELEVATION

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY SKEW LINES SHORTEST HORIZONTAL DISTANCE USE LEVEL LINE

FIND POINT ‘O’ IN ELEVATION AND PLAN X1Y1 PERPENDICULAR TO LINE ‘AO’ IN PLAN X2Y2 PERPINDICULAR TO X1Y1

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM X1Y1 BACK INTO PLAN VIEW

MEASUREMENTS TAKEN FROM XY TO ELEVATION

OVERVIEW

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

CUT CONE INVERTED

FILL CONE UPRIGHT

PLANNING FOR ROADS THAT RISE OR FALL – THE CONE METHOD

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

GEOLOGIC GEOMETRY

OVERVIEW

STRUCTURAL FORMS THREE MAIN TYPES

1. HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

2. HYPERBOLOID OF REVOLUTION

3. HYPERBOLIC TRANSLATION (SHELL)

STRUCTURAL FORMS HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

STRUCTURAL FORMS HYPERBOLIC PARABOLOID

STRUCTURAL FORMS HYPERBOLOID OF REVOLUTION

STRUCTURAL FORMS HYPERBOLOID OF REVOLUTION

STRUCTURAL FORMS

SHELL TRANSLATION 1

STRUCTURAL FORMS SHELL TRANSLATION 2

STRUCTURAL FORMS SHELL TRANSLATION 3

STRUCTURAL FORMS SHELL TRANSLATION EXAM EXAMPLE

STRUCTURAL FORMS SHELL TRANSLATION EXAM EXAMPLE

OVERVIEW

SURFACE GEOMETRY

DIHEDRAL ANGLE

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

SURFACE GEOMETRY

THIS QUESTION APPLIES TO CONIC SECTIONS ASWELL