lecture 03-e-business models-khalid khan

Course Instructor : Khalid Khan

Department Of Computer Science

University Of Peshawar

LECTURE OVERVIEW

What is E-Business Model?

Different E-Business Models

E-BUSINESS MODELSStore Front Model

Auction Model

Portal Model

Dynamic Pricing Models

Name -Your-Price Model

Comparison Pricing Model

Demand-Sensitive Pricing Model

Bartering Model

Rebates

Offering Free Products and Services

B2B Exchanges

B2B Service Providers

Online Trading & Lending Models

Getting a Loan Online

E-BUSINESS MODELS CONTINUED…Recruiting on the web

Online News Services

Online Travel Services

Online Entertainment

Online Automotive Sites

Energy Online

Selling Brain Power

Online Art Dealers

E-Learning

Click & Mortar Businesses

ICDT Business Model

Three Pillars of E-commerce

INTRODUCTION

Pure play – an Internet retailer that has no physical store, such as Expedia.com and Amazon.com

E-business – conducting business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners.

E-business model – The combination of a company’s policy, operations, technology & ideology defines its business model.

1. STORE-FRONT MODEL Storefront model enables merchants to sell

products on the Web transaction processing, security, online

payment, information storage

This is the basic form of e-commerce where the buyer & seller interact directly.

To conduct store front e-commerce, merchants need to organize an online catalog of products, take orders

STORE-FRONT MODEL CONTINUED…

Through their Web sites, accept payments in a secure environment, send merchandise to customers and manage customer data(such as customer profiles).

They must also market their sites to potential customers.

Leading users of store front model:B2C companies.

STORE-FRONT MODEL CONTINUED…

WWW.MORE.COM

STORE-FRONT MODEL CONTINUED…

WWW.TICKETMASTER.COM

STORE-FRONT MODEL CONTINUED… Shopping cart technology

An order-processing technology allowing customers to accumulate lists of items they wish to buy as they continue to shop

Shopping cart is supported by Product catalog – hosted on merchant server in

the form of a database

Merchant server – the data storage and management system employed by the merchant.

Database technology – required to store and report on large amounts of information

SHOPPING CART TECHNOLOGY

STORE-FRONT MODEL CONTINUED…

ONLINE SHOPPING MALLS

Online shopping MallsPresent consumers with a wide selection of products

and services.

Considered to be more convenient than searching and shopping at independent online storefronts for several items.

Consumers can search and shop for a variety of products, and can use mall’s shopping cart technology to purchase items form many stores in a single transaction.

Often act as shopping portals (search engines), directing traffic to different type of companies.

STORE-FRONT MODEL CONTINUED…

ONLINE SHOPPING MALLS

2. AUCTION MODEL Online auction sites

Act as forums through which Internet users can log-on and assume the role of either bidder or seller.

Collect a commission on every successful auction

As a seller, you are able to post an item you wish to sell, the minimum price you require to sell your item and a deadline to close the auction.

As a bidder, you may search the site for the availability of the item you are seeking, view the current bidding activity and place a bid(bids are usually in designated increments).

Auction sites allow you to add features such as photo graph or description of the item’s condition.

AUCTION MODEL

After the auction has completed the seller and bidder is notified and the method of delivery is to work out between the two parties.

In Auction model the site only receive commission on each successful sale.

AUCTION MODEL CONTINUED

3. PORTAL MODEL Portal comes from the word “Port” point of

entry to the country so Web Portal or E-Business portal means Point of entering to the Web.

Portal sites give visitors the chance to find almost everything they are looking for in one place

Often offer news, sports and weather as well as ability to search the Web

PORTAL MODEL

Horizontal portalsPortals that aggregate information on a broad range of topics

Yahoo!, AltaVista, iGoogle

Vertical portals Portals that offer more specific information within a single area of interest

WebMD, IMDB, FirstGov

HORIZONTAL PORTALS

VERTICAL PORTALS

PORTAL MODEL CONTINUED…

Portal Links customers to online merchants, online shopping malls and auction sites

DYNAMIC PRICING MODELS

Buying in bulk has always driven prices down and there are now Websites that allow you to lower the price by joining with other buyers to purchase products in large quantities.

The word dynamic means constantly changing. This is opposite to static pricing models where everyone pays the same price.

NAME-YOUR-PRICE MODEL This model empowers customers by allowing

them to choose their price for products and services. It is also called reverse auction.

Many of the businesses that offer this service have formed partnerships with leaders of industries such as travel, lending, retail etc.

These industry leaders receive the customer’s desired price from the intermediary and decide whether or not to sell the product or service.

If the customer’s price is not reasonable then that customer will be asked to choose another price.

NAME-YOUR-PRICE MODEL

COMPARISON PRICING MODEL The comparison pricing Model allows

customers to poll a variety of merchants and find a desired product or service at the lowest price.

These sites often get their revenue from partnerships with particular merchants.

These sites allow individuals to see different lists of prices for specific products.

COMPARISON PRICING MODEL

DEMAND-SENSITIVE PRICING MODEL

The web has enabled customers to demand better, faster service at cheaper prices.

It has empowered buyers to shop in large groups to achieve a group rate.

The concept behind the demand-sensitive-pricing business model is that the more people who buy a product in a single purchase, the lower the cost-per-person becomes.

Selling the products individually can be expensive because the vendor must price a product.

DEMAND-SENSITIVE PRICING MODEL CONTINUED…

When customers Buy in bulk this cost is shared and the profit margin is increased.

Mercata (www.mercata.com)

Mobshop (www.mobshop.com)

BARTERING MODEL A popular method of conducting e-business is

bartering or offering one item in exchange for another.

Ubarter.com (www.ubarter.com) is a site that allows individuals and companies wishing to sell a product to post their listings.

The seller makes an initial offer with the intention of bartering to reach a final agreement with the buyer.

A broad range of products & services is available for barter.

E.g. www.isolve.com

BARTERING MODEL

BARTERING MODEL

REBATES Rebates can help to attract customers to your

site.

Many companies offer “everyday low prices” and specials to keep customers coming back.

eBates is a shopping site where customers receive a rebate on every purchase.

eBates has formed partnerships with wholesalers and retailers who will offer discounts.

The company passes these discounts to customers in the form of rebates.

www.ebates.com

REBATES

OFFERING FREE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Many entrepreneurs are forming their business models around advertising-driven revenue streams.

Television networks, radio stations, magzines and print media use advertising to fund their operations & make profit.

Many of these sites also form partnerships with companies to exchange products & services for advertising space & vice versa.

Skype provide free services

OFFERING FREE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

www.hsx is a free gaming site where visitors become traders of entertainment stocks & star bonds.

The company is able to offer its services free by selling advertising to sponsors.

OFFERING FREE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

OFFERING FREE PRODUCTS & SERVICES

B2B EXCHANGES B2B e-commerce is defined as buying, selling,

partnering, bartering or trading conducted between two or more businesses.

The B2B marketplace is one of the fastest growing segments of e-commerce.

Industry leaders have begun using B2B exchanges to improve their business methods on web.

B2B exchanges allow businesses to buy, sell, auction, barter and distribute products & services.

www.icgcommerce.com, www.tradeaccess.com & www.itoi.com

B2B EXCHANGES

B2B EXCHANGES

B2B SERVICE PROVIDERS

B2B service providers make B2B transactions on the internet easier.

These e-businesses help other businesses improve policies, procedures, customer service features and many others.

E.g. Ariba www.ariba.com & Freemarkets.com is a B2B market place connecting buyers & sellers.

Companies with surplus inventory can use Free markets to sell extra assets.

www.liveperson.com & www.pcroomlink.com

B2B SERVICE PROVIDERS

ONLINE TRADING MODEL Stock trades used to be handled only through

brokers who are paid commissions for their services. i.e Stock Exchange.

Due to popularity of online trading, many brokerage houses have established a presence on web.

Trading sites allow you to research securities, buy, sell and manage all of your investments from your desktop.

Online trading often less costs than conventional brokerage.

Examples: www.magnigi.com & www.schwab.com

ONLINE TRADING MODEL

ONLINE TRADING MODEL

ONLINE TRADING MODEL

GETTING A LOAN ONLINE

Online lending is a growing segment of e-commerce.

You might find a loan with a lower rate online than through traditional lending channels.

www.mortgagebot.com & www.ecredit.com

GETTING A LOAN ONLINE

GETTING A LOAN ONLINE

RECRUITING ON THE WEB

Recruiting on the web can be done effectively on the web.

Whether you are an employer or a job seeker,the internet can improve your ability to recruit or find a job.

Job seekers can learn how to write a resume and cover letter, post it online and search through job listings to find the jobs that best suits their needs.

Employers can post jobs that can be searched by an enormous pool of applicants.

RECRUITING ON THE WEB

www.dice.com is a recruiting website and focuses on the computer industry.

Fees are based on the number of jobs a company wishes to post and the frequency with which posts are updated.

Job seekers can post their resumes and search the jobs database for free.

www.rozee.pk, www.guru.com

RECRUITING ON THE WEB

ONLINE NEWS SERVICES

The web is playing a major role to the publishing and news industry.

Well known news organizations such as CNN ,The wall street general and Newsweek have all found the web to be a dynamic environment on which to feature their content.

The Wall Street Journal(www.wsj.com) is one of the most widely read newspapers in the world is offered in an online edition which includes full-text and 24-hour updates.

ONLINE NEWS SERVICES

ONLINE TRAVEL SERVICES Web surfers can search for and arrange all of

their travel & accommodations online and can often save money doing so.

The web gives people access to much of the same information previously accessible only by travel agents.

You will find the lowest prices, best times and the best accommodations available to You.

Microsoft offers travel services through www.expedia.com.

ONLINE TRAVEL SERVICES

Microsoft allows you to book all of your travel arrangements including transportation and lodging.

Membership is free and members are given access to a database of information offering them the best available options.

ONLINE TRAVEL SERVICES

ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT

The web is based on the communication of high quality information developed with high-quality multimedia.

The entertainment industry has recognized this and has leveraged its power to sell movie tickets, albums and any other entertainment-related content they can fit on a Webpage.

Internet copyright cases are becoming the norm as individuals begin to use the internet to trade their media such as music and videos.

www.imdb.com www.apniisp.com

ONLINE ENTERTAINMENT

ONLINE AUTOMOTIVE SITES

Various sites allow users to research and purchase new and used cars.

Whether or not you actually make your final arrangements for the purchase of a new vehicle online, many of the preliminary steps can be completed.

Online auto sites provide users with the ability to explore options more efficiently than traveling among dealerships.

Autobytel (www.autobytel.com) is a one-stop shop where users buy, sell, maintain and learn more about automobiles.

ONLINE AUTOMOTIVE SITES

ENERGY ONLINE

A number of companies have set up energy exchanges where buyers and sellers come to communicate, buy, sell and distribute energy.

These companies sell crude oil, electricity and the products and systems for distributing them.

Houston Street (www.houstonstreeet.com) is an online market for traders looking to buy energy commodities.

Traders can buy and sell crude oil, refined products and electricity from the HoustonStreet website.

ENERGY ONLINE

SELLING BRAIN POWER Companies can buy patents and other intellectual

property online.

It is often difficult for small businesses to invest time and money in research and development.

Other companies have trouble finding the talent to create such property.

Companies who don’t have the human resources to complete complex projects can find help at HelloBrain.com.

When merchants post the projects they need completed and the compensation they are willing to pay, proposed answers will be sent from companies and contractors that can help.

SELLING BRAIN POWER

ONLINE ART DEALERS The web offers a new outlet for your favorite

supplies and artwork which you can find at a discount on the web.

Shopping cart technology and express shipping allow you to have your art and supplies within a few days of your order.

Art.com allows you to choose between fine art, photography, posters and prints, animations and many other media.

ONLINE ART DEALERS

ONLINE ART DEALERS

E-LEARNING

E-learning industry is growing rapidly as the number of individuals with access to computers and hand-held devices increases.

Universities and corporate-training companies offer high quality distance education directly over the web.

Examples www.vulectures.com

E-LEARNING

E-LEARNING

BRICK AND MORTAR BUSINESSES

A company that can offer its services both online and offline can add value to the customer experiences.

Location is very important for a brick and mortar business.

There is a sense of trust and reliability that comes with having your own brick and mortar store. Many customers still feel safer buying from a store. 

Barners & Noble (www.bn.com) has established itself as a leader in the booksellers market both online and offline.

Also called brick and click.

BRICK AND MORTAR BUSINESSES

BRICK AND MORTAR BUSINESSES

ICDT BUSINESS STRATEGY MODEL

INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION,, DISTRIBUTION, TRANSACTION MODEL

(ICDT)

Virtual Information Space Information that is displayed is accurate and

current.

Only viewed by authorized users

Customers can easily find the site and navigate through it once they have reached the site.

The site is accessible without long wait times.

Virtual Distribution Space Delivery of products and services only to legitimate,

approved customers

Reliable delivery of products and services

ICDT MODEL CONTINUED….

Virtual Transaction Space Security over data

Accuracy and integrity of processing methods

Reputability (honesty and trust worthy) of trading partners

Privacy (Secrecy or confidentiality) concerns by customers

Virtual Communication Space Enabling relationship building, negotiation (co-

operation) and exchanging of ideas.

THREE PILLARS OF E-COMMERCE MODEL

Builds on the existing market space and utilizes electronic mechanisms as an enabler of supporting open market processes.

• Electronic Information• Electronic Relationships• Electronic Transactions

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THREE PILLARS OF E-COMMERCE MODEL

This is another electronic business model that builds on traditional market spaces is the three pillars of electronic commerce model by Peter Fingar, which is illustrated in Figure.

Three electronic pillars support electronic information, electronic relationships, and electronic transactions..

The first pillar, electronic information, is similar to Angehrn’s (ICDT model) virtual information space.

construct a good, solid pillar that will not crumble (fail) , or in WWW terms, the Web page will not links lead the visitor to a dead-end.

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THREE PILLARS E-BUSINESS MODEL CONTINUED…

Search engines and other intelligent agents are increasing in popularity to assist users to more efficiently and effectively navigate the WWW.

Lecture 04 81

THREE PILLARS E-BUSINESS MODEL CONTINUED…

The second pillar, electronic relationships, is the central pillar, and it is similar to Angehrn’s (ICDT model) of virtual communication space.

Having entrants (or simply participants) pass through this port of entry on a somewhat regular basis is the key to successfully engaging in electronic commerce.

To attract users over and over again to a site (which also means away from other sites), the site needs to have certain features. it must:

• Be innovative (modern , original, pioneering and evolutionary)• Add value (to give potential customers the feeling of community and interaction

they are increasingly expecting).• Provide information and interaction, not otherwise available (means that only

for the authenticated users)• Create forums for opinion-building activities.

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THREE PILLARS E-BUSINESS MODEL CONTINUED…

Electronic Commerce is interactive, and users expect to experience interaction when they visit a site.

To build good customer relationships,

• electronic commerce websites need to be designed to give

• potential customers the feeling of community • and interaction they are increasingly expecting.

The use of intelligent agents is one way of accomplishing this goal.

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THREE PILLARS E-BUSINESS MODEL CONTINUED…

The third pillar is the electronic transactions pillar. This pillar is similar to Angehrn’s virtual transaction space, and it also encompasses Angehrn’s virtual distribution space.

Many businesses have built an electronic information pillar and some have built or are building an electronic community pillar, but substantially (considerably) fewer have constructed the electronic transaction pillar.

Two impediments (difficulties) to constructing the pillar exist:

• the ability to engage in meaningful and sufficient negotiation processes

• and security of transaction data.

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Thanks!!!