lecture 12 public communication

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PUBLIC

SPEAKING

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Benefits of learning public

speaking skill

Enhancing your personal and social

abilities

Improving your academic and career 

skills

Refining communication abilities

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Types of Speech

Informative Speech ± Audience learns about a new subject or learns

new information about a familiar subject Persuasive Speech

 ± Speaker intends to change audience attitude or behaviors

Entertaining Speech ± Speaker tries to gain and keep audience attention;and wants the listeners to have a good time and tobe amused or interested by the speech

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Ways to Present a Speech

Impromptu

Memorize

Read from a text

Combination of the above ±

Extemporaneous Speech

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10 steps in preparing and

delivering a public speech

1. Select your topic and purpose

2.  Analyze your audience

3.

Research your speech topic4. Formulate your thesis and major propositions

5. Support your propositions

6. Organize your speech

7. Construct your introduction, conclusion, andtransitions

8. Outline your speech

9. Word your speech

10. Rehearse and deliver your speech

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1. Select your topic and purpose

The topic you choose must be:

 ± Appropriate to the occasion and audience

 ± Worthwhile

 ± Culture-sensitive There are many ways to find suitable topics

Limit the scope of topic according to the timegiven

Determine the purpose of your speech 2 categories:

 ± General purpose (to inform or / and topersuade)

 ± Specific purpose

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2. Analyze your audience

 Analyze the characteristics of your potentialaudience (their attitudes, beliefs, and values)

This knowledge would help you in: ± selecting the topic

 ± establishing a relationship with them

 ± choosing examples, illustrations, etc.

Find out their culture, age, gender, religion,level of knowledge on the topic, willingness tolisten to you, etc.

Be careful not to stereotype them

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3. Research your speech topic

How to look for information on your topic Sources:

 ± Manual (books, magazines, journals, etc.)

 ± Electronic (internet, e-mail, databases, etc.)

Principles for effective and efficient research: ± Examine what you know

 ± Work from the general to the specific

 ± Take accurate notes

 ± Learn the available sources of information (their location and how to access them)

Things to consider when evaluating what you found:

 ± Is the information current?

 ± Is the information fair and unbiased?

 ± Is the evidence reliable and the reasoning logical?

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4. Formulate your thesis and major 

propositions

State thesis statement (main idea / theory)

Eg. ³Smoking is a dangerous habit´

Develop major propositions (main points) by askingstrategic questions

Suggestions:

 ± Eliminate those points that seem least important toyour thesis

 ± Combine those points that have a common focus

 ± Select points that are most relevant to or thatinterest your audience

 ± Use two, three or four main points

 ± Word each of your main propositions in the same

(parallel) style

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5. Support your propositions

Techniques to use to support your 

propositions:

 ± Examples

 ± Narration (Stories)

 ± Testimony

 ± Statistics

 ± Presentation Aids (visual and audio)

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6. Organize your speech

Benefits of speech organization:

 ± Make your speech easy to understand and

remember  ± Help you remember the speech more

easily

Speech can be organized into several

patterns: ± Eg. topical pattern, problem-solution

pattern, cause-effect pattern, advantages-disadvantages pattern, etc.

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7. Construct your introduction,

conclusion, and transitions Speech structure:

 ± Introduction ± 15%

 ± Body / Contents ± 75%

 ± Conclusion ± 10%

Functions of Introduction: ± Gain audiences¶ attention

 ± Establish a speaker-audience-topic relationship

 ± Orient the audience

Functions of Conclusion ± Summarize your speech

 ± Motivate your audience

 ± Provide a closure to your speech

Transitions ± words, phrases, sentences that connectthe various parts of your speech

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8. Outline your speech

Speech Outline ± a blueprint of your speechthat helps you organize and evaluate your 

speech Includes your main points, supporting

materials, introduction, conclusion,transitions, and references

2 types of outline: ± Skeletal outline (guides you in arranging

your points)

 ± Delivery outline (brief outline ± as a guide

when delivering your speech)

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9. Word your speech

The language, words, and sentences youchoose will influence the meanings your listeners receive

The words must be clear, short, specific,

appropriate and understandable to theaudience

 Avoid unfamiliar terms, slang, and ethnicexpressions

Speak in personal rather than impersonalstyle

Use short and positive sentences to avoidconfusion

Make your speech easy to remember 

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10. Rehearse and deliver your speech

Rehearsal:

 ± Rehearse the speech as a whole

 ± Time the speech

 ± Approximate the actual speech situation

 ± See yourself as a speaker (practice eye contact,

movements, gestures in front of a mirror) ± Rehearse often

Methods of delivery:

 ± impromptu, reading from a manuscript, memorize,

and extemporaneous.

Characteristics of effective delivery:

 ± Natural

 ± Reinforces the message

 ± Varied and unpredictable patterns

 ± Conversational