lecture 5 information system and databases
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Lecture 5:Databases & Information
System
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Chapter Topic
Databases and their uses
Database components
Types of databases
Database management systems
Relational databases
Data warehouses
Information systems in Organization
System Development Life Cycle
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Databases
Collections of related data
Easily stored, sorted, organized, and queried
Turn data into information
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Database Terminology
Field: Category of information, displayed in
columns
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Database Terminology
Data type: Type of data that can be storedin a field
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Database Terminology
Record: A group of related fields
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Record
Table: A group of related records
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Database Terminology
Primary key: A field value unique to a record
Primary Key
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Database Types
Relational databases Organize data in tables
Link tables to each other through their primary keys
Object-oriented databases Store data in objects
Also store methods for processing data
Handle unstructured data
Multidimensional databases Store data in multiple dimensions
Organize data in a cube format
Can easily be customized
Process data much faster
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Database Management Systems
(DBMS)
Application software designed to capture
and analyze data
Four main operations of a DBMS:1. Creating databases and entering data
2. Viewing and sorting data
3. Extracting data4. Outputting data
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Creating Databases and Entering Data
Create field
names
Identify
each type
of data
Data
dictionary
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Creating Databases and Entering Data
(cont.)
Create
individual
records
Key in
Import
Input form
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Data Validation
Validation
Process of ensuring that data entered into thedatabase is correct(or at least reasonable) and
complete Validation rules
Range checks
Completeness checks
Consistency checks
Alphabetic/numeric checks
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Extracting or Querying Data
Query
A question or
inquiry
Provides
records based
on criteria
StructuredQuery
Language (SQL)
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Outputting Data
Reports
Printed
Summary data reports
Export data
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Relational Database Operations
Organize datainto tables
Relationshipsare links
between tableswith relateddata
Common fields
need to existbetween fields
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Types of Relationships One-to-one
For each record in a table, only one correspondingrecord in a related table
One-to-many
Only one instance of a record in one table; manyinstances in a related table
Many-to-many
Records in one table related to many records inanother
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Relational Database Operations
Normalization of data (recording data once)
reduces data redundancy.
Foreign key: The primary key of one table is
included in another to establish relationships
with that other table.
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Data Storage
Data warehouse Large-scale
repository of data
Organizes all thedata related to an
organization
Data organized by
subject
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M i D t
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Managing Data:
Information Systems in Organizations
Chapter 10: Information Systems Analysisand Design
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An information system collects, stores, and processes data to
provide useful, accurate, and timely information
An organization is a group of people working together toaccomplish a goal
Business
Nonprofit organization
Mission
Mission statement
Figure 1
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Information Systems in Organizations
Chapter 10: Information Systems Analysisand Design
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Organizational charts depict the hierarchy of employees in an
organization
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Information Systems in Organizations
Information systems can:
Automate routine tasks
Make decisions in
response to problems
Structured problem
Semi-structured
problem
Unstructuredproblem
Collect and store internal
or external information
Fourtypes of Information
system:
- Transaction Processing
System (TPS)- Management
Information system (MIS)
- Decision support system
(DSS)- Expert system and Neural
network
Chapter 10: Information Systems Analysisand Design
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INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Hardware
Software
Databases
Networks
Other related
components
are used to
buildINFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Payroll
System
Inventory
System
Marketing
System
Customer
Service
System
IS Vs IT
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System Development Life Cycle
Waterfall SDLC
Modified Waterfall SDLC
Iterative SDLC
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Problem/Opportunity Identification
The existing system is evaluated.
Problems are defined.
New proposals are reviewed.
Decisions are made to proceed with the projects.
The process is documented.
Relevant problems/opportunities are defined.
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Analysis
A program specification (goals and objectives
of the project) is developed.
A feasibility assessment is performed.
User requirements are defined.
Analysts recommend a plan of action.
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Design
A detailed plan for programmers is developed.
Flowcharts and data-flow diagrams are used for the
current and proposed system.
Data-flow diagram Flowchart
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Testing and Installation Program is tested for proper operation.
Application testing is performed in three ways: Unit testing
Integration testing
Test area
System testing Program is installed for use.
Testing and results are documented. System documentation
Describes a systems features, hardware architecture, and
programming User documentation
Describes how to interact with the system to accomplish specific tasks
Procedure handbook
Contains step-by-step instructions for performing specific tasks
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Maintenance and Evaluation
Performance of the system is monitored.
Corrections and modifications to the program
are made.
Maintenance procedures and results are
documented.
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CHAPTER COMPLETED
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SCL QUESTIONS1. Some individuals and small organizations prefer using spreadsheets instead
of database to maintain data because of the features are might similar and itis easier to install and maintain spreadsheet than database software. After
you learn this chapter, stated the reasons why it is not advisable to storelarge amounts of data in spreadsheet and justify why databases are a moreappropriate solution?
2. How do relational databases organize and manipulate data?
3. List the advantages of using system analysis and design techniques inapproaching computerized information systems for business.
4. Perfect Pizza wants to install a system to record orders for pizza and chickenwings. When regular customers call Perfect Pizza on the phone, they areasked their phone number. When the number is typed into a computer, thename, address, and last order date is automatically brought up on the screen.Once the order is taken, the total, including tax and delivery, is calculated.Then the order is given to the cook. A receipt is printed. Occasionally, special
offers (coupons) are printed so the customer can get a discount. Drivers whomake deliveries give customers a copy of the receipt and a coupon (if any).Weekly totals are kept for comparison with last years performance. Write asummary of business activities for taking an order at Perfect Pizza. Draw a
flowchart, ERD and DFD context diagram for Perfect Pizza.
(2xA4, Times New Roman, size 12, 1 or 2 spacing, justify, hand in by next lab)
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