lecture5 principles of planning

1PRINCIPLES OF CIVIL

ENGINEERING PLANNING

2Principles of Building planning: Why???

• Planning in construction is the first thing to do.

• Proper orientation, healthy, beautiful, economical etc. is our target.

• An engineer or architect should prepare the building plan according to

the demand, economic status & taste of the owner.

• The design of the building should be compatible with the surrounding

structures & the weather.

3Cont’d…

• Privacy must be maintained especially in residential building planning.

• Sufficient air and sunlight should be allowed to the building for healthy

building environment.

• Proper security system should be introduced for safety and reliability.

• Fire safety alarm and fire fighting materials should be provided.

• Follow the associated building codes closely for proper building construction.

Example: Civil Engineering Codes, NBC etc.

4Outline

• Aspect• Prospect• Grouping• Economy• Roominess• Circulation• Flexibility• Furniture requirement• Elegance• Privacy• Sanitation

51. Aspect

Aspect is meant for arrangement of doors and windows in the external walls of the building, which allows the natural gifts of sunshine, breeze, air and scenery etc. to create a pleasant and hygienic atmosphere.

a) 1/12th of the floor area for cold climate.

b) 1/10th of the floor area for dry hot climate.

c) 1/8th of the floor area for intermediate climate.

d) 1/6th of the floor area for wet hot climate.

6

Sr. No Room Recommendation Aspect Influencing Factor

1. Bed NW-W-SE To reduce plentiful of breeze in summer.

2. Kitchen E & rarely NE To Receive morning sun which is germicidal. If purifier the air it should be cool during summer.

3. Dinning SE-S-SW Proximity of Kitchen, it should be cool.

4. Drawing SE-S-SW or W Adequate natural lighting during winter and obviate the sun during summer

5. Reading N-NW Light from north being diffused and evenly distributed and cool.

6. Store NW-N-NE Dark and cool.

Cont’d…

72. Prospect

• Prospect means the outside view as seen

while looking through the window and doors

in external walls from a room of the house.

• Towards unpleasant views, openings should

not be provided.

• Openings in external walls shall be provided

for cheerful atmosphere in the room.

83. Grouping

It is the arrangement of various rooms with reference to their function.For residential building planning should be grouped as:a) Living areab) Sleeping areac) Service aread) Circulation areae) Other areas

94. Economy

Building should have min floor area with max utility.• Can be achieved by:1. Simple elevation2. Proper planning and utility of space being

maximized (passage being minimized).3. Reducing storey height4. Reducing no of steps of stairs5. Standardization of sizes of various components

and materials

105. Roominess

• It is feeling created after a room is well-furnished with all permanent furniture as spacious and well-planned.

• Space must be utilised economically.• The length and breadth ratio may be 1.20 to 1.50• Small room should have low ceiling height.• Rectangular area of room is preferable instead of

square room.• When it exceeds 2, it creates tunnel like feeling• Light colours create effect of more space

116. Circulation

It is access into or out of a room, it is internal movement inside a building• Circulation area shall be straight, short,

bright, lighted both day and night, well ventilated and free from obstructions

• It should not affect privacy nor interfere with utility

• It is necessary to permit Horizontal circulation through passage, corridors and lobbies.

• Vertical circulation through staircases, lifts and ramps in building.

127. Flexibility

A room which is planned for one function be used for other, if so required.• It is ease with which a room designated for a

particular activity can accommodate more load temporarily or may supplement activity of another room

• As drawing room used as guest bed room• Kitchen as additional dining room etc.The plan of building should be prepared by keeping mind the future requirement

138. Furniture Requirement

A planner should know how much space is needed by each function.

Room sizes can be completed on basis of:• permanent furniture to be used• It’s dimensions and arrangement• Clearance for circulation

149. Elegance

• Elegance refers to the planning of elevation and layout of the plan to give an impressive appearance to the building

• The proper width, height, location of doors and windows, materials employed in construction of exterior wall etc. create elegance. The result of elegance is aesthetics of building.

1510. Privacy

Privacy can be of:• Sight (bath, w/c)• Sound (confidential discussion, study room)• Both sight and sound (bed room)It broadly classified in two categories:1. Internal privacy2. External privacy

For more privacy centre door location should be avoided.

1611. Sanitation

It is provision and upkeep of various components of house to keep inmates cheerful and free from disease

Factors influence sanitation are:1. Lighting2. Ventilation3. Cleanliness

171. Lighting:

Natural sunlight or Artificial• Intensity of natural light is affected by pollutants like

smoke, dirt, dust, gases and clouds• Min window area = 1/7th floor area (hot-humid climate)• Min window area = 1/10th floor area (dry climate)

182. Ventilation:

A system of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any enclosed space to create and maintain comfortable conditionBasic requirements in ventilation• Sensation of comfort• Reduction in humidity• Removal of heat• Proper supply of oxygen• Reduction of dust

193. Cleanliness:

Dust:• Harbours bacteria• Creates health problems• Makes surfaces dull• Floors shall be smooth,

impervious, non-absorbing, uniformly sloping

Dampness:

• Root cause of infection• Walls and floors shall be damp-proof• Kitchen, bath and w/c shall be

drained off quickly