lesson 5

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insideacell/

describe and interpret drawings and photographs of typical animal and plant cells, as seen using the electron microscope, recognising the following: rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, chloroplasts, cell surface membrane, nuclear envelope, centrioles, nucleus and nucleolus;

outline the functions of the structures listed in (c);

Eukaryotic Cell – Plant or Animal Cell (Has a nucleus)

Eukaryotic Cell organelles1)Nucleus2) Endoplastic reticulum3) Golgi apparatus4) Mitochondria5) Chloroplasts6) Lysosomes7) Ribosomes 8) Centrioles

Structure Largest organelle Spherical Dark patches=chromatinSurrounded by nuclear envelope Composed of 2 fluid filled membranes Has nuclear pore-allows large molecules throughNucleolus inside

Function Contains genetic material Chromatin consists of DNA and proteins Contains instructions for making proteins When cells divide, chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes Nucleolus makes RNA and ribosomes.

Structure: Consists of flattened membrane-bound sacs - cisternae which are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane.

RER- RibosomesSmooth ER- no Ribosomes

Function:Smooth ER- Involved in making Lipids

RER- Transports proteins made on attached ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus

Structure: Stack of membrane-bound, flattened sacs

Function: Receives proteins from the ER Modifies them e.g. adds sugar (Post office) Packages proteins into vesicles to be transported inside cell or to the outside

Mitochondria

Structure: 2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space Inner membrane is folded to form cristae Central part is the matrix.

Function Site where ATP is produced during respiration

ChloroplastsStructure: 2 membranes separated by fluid filled space Inner membrane is continuous with a network of thylakoids A stack of thylakoids is called a granum Chlorophyll molecules are present on these membranes.

Function: Site of photosynthesis Light energy is used to derive carbohydrate molecules from carbon dioxide.

Structure: Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane

Function: Contain digestive enzymes which break down materials

e.g. specialised lysosome (acrosome) in head of sperm cells helps it penetrate the egg.

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__lysosomes.html

Organelles NOT surrounded by membranes RibosomesCentrioles

80S Ribosome

Structure Very small organelles in the cytoplasm and bound to rough ER Consist of 2 subunits.

Function: Site of protein synthesis which acts as an assembly line to use mRNA to assemble proteins.

Centrioles

Structure Small protein tubes of microtubules.

Function: Form fibres in cell division known as spindles which separate chromosomes.

Making Cells

Make a model of a plant or animal cell out of plastercineYou should label the organelles and write a brief function on a cocktail label!!

RER

SER

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Homework Essay

In this question, one mark is available for the quality of written communication.

Plant cells are also eukaryotic.Outline the function(s) of each part of a plant cell.(Allow one and a half lined pages).

[9]Quality of Written Communication [1][Total 10 marks]