lesson review1 itel460
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ITEL 460
Intro to Computer Programming
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Useful Terms
Program Set of instructions that
cause the computer to do
something.
Code Programming statements
that you write. Compiler Converts code into
something the computer can run.
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Terms
Application Files that have been
compiled into an execution
program
Stored Program these are
instruction
splaced into thecomputers memory.
Memory stores the data
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Computer Programming the process of writing
the sets of instructions that make up this job.
Application Software Packages - Programs
required for common business and personal
applicationssuch as word processing or
spread
sheet
scan be purcha
sed from
softwarevendors orstores that sell computer products.
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Application Development the process of
using programming language or
development environment to build software
applications.
Project Files that you create that make up
your applications. Control Tools that allow the program to
interact with the user.
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Bugs An error in the program
Debug Correcting the errorsso theprogram will execute.
Hardware The physical equipment
of the computer.
Software - Makes the computer
useful.
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Structured Programming
Is a methodology used to facilitate translating
the problem being analyzed.
Known asModular Programming
Is a subset of procedural programming thatenforces a logical structure on the program
being written to make it more efficientand easier
to understandand modify.
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Flowchart
Is a design tool used to represent the logic ina solution algorithm graphically.
Each step in the process flow is represented
by a differentsymbol and contain
sa
shorttext description of the processstep in the
flow chart symbol.
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Three basic control structure
SEQUENCE SELECTION
REPETITION
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Sequence Control Structure
Is used to show a
single action or one
action followed in
order (sequentially) byanother.
Actions can be input,
processes, or output.
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Ex1:
Total = PrelimGrade + MidtermGrade
+ SemifinalGrade + FinalGrade
AverageG = Total/4
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Ex2
GrossPay = HoursWorked *
HourlyRate
Ded401K = GrossPay * 0.055
Medicare = GrossPay * 0.0145
SocSec = GrossPay * 0.0765
TotDeductions = Ded401K +
Medicare + SocSec
NetPay = GrossPay - TotDeductions
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Selection ControlStructure
Is used to tell the program which action to take,
based on a certain condition.
When the condition is evaluated, its result either
is true or false. If the result of the condition is true, one action is
performed; if the result is false, a different action
is performed.
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selection control structure
allows one set ofstatements to be
executed if a condition is true andanotherset of actions to be executed
if a condition is false.
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Selection
Structure
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Selection
Structure
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Repetition Control Structure
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Repetition Control Structure
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Repetition Control Structure
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Aselection structure, also called an "If-Then-
Else" structure, is flowcharted as follows:
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Repetition Control Structure
Also called looping or iteration, is used when a
set of actions is to be performed repeatedly.
Looping is the process of repeatedly executingone or more steps of an algorithm or program; it
is essential in programming, as most programs
perform repetitious tasks.
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Every loop consists of the following three parts:
(1)The loop termination decision - determines when (underwhat condition) the loop will be terminated (stopped).
It is essential that some provision in the program be madefor the loop to stop; otherwise, the computer would continue
to execute the loop indefinitely - a loop that doesn't
stop i
scalled an endless loop or infinite loop.
When a program getsstuck in an endless loop,programmerssay that the program is "looping".
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(2)The body of the loop - the step orsteps of the algorithmthat are repeated within the loop. This may be only one
action, or it may include almost all of the program
statements.(3)Transfer back to the beginning of the loop - returns
control to the top of the loop so that a new repetition
(iteration) can begin.
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Repetition Control Structure
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Thewhile Repetition Structure
Example:int product = 2;
while ( product
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The Program Development Life Cycle
Is used to develop programs.
Also called, system development cycle or
system development life cycle.
Analysis Phase
Design Phase
Code the Program
Test and debug the Program
Formalize the solution
Maintain the Program
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Pseudo Code
Allows the programmer to focus on the
steps required to solve the problem (
rather than on how to use the
programming language).
Easy to translate into actual Visual Basic
Code.
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Advantages of Pseudo code
It is compact
Looks a lot like the code
Easy to translate to actual code Preferred by many programmers.
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Example1 (non-computer)
Brush teeth
Wash faceComb hair
Smile in mirror
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Ex2
Ifstudent's grade is greater than or equal to 60
Print "passed"else
Print "failed"
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Example 2
READ height of rectangle
READ width of rectangleCOMPUTE area as height times width
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Example3
IF HoursWorked > NormalMax THEN
Display overtime message
ELSE
Display regular time message
ENDIF
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Ex3
pseudocode for a bubble sort routinemight be written as:
while not at end of listcompare adjacent elements
ifsecond is greater than first
switch them
get next two elementsif elements were switched
repeat for entire list
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Common Action Keywords
Several keywords are often used to indicate commoninput, output, and processing operations.
Input:READ, OBTAIN, GET
Output: PRINT, DISPLAY, SHOWCompute: COMPUTE, CALCULATE,
DETERMINE
Initialize: SET, INIT
Add one: INCREMENT, BUMP
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Exercises
1. Write a program that obtains two integer
numbers from the user. It will print out the
sum of those numbers.
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Pseudocode:
Prompt the user to enter the first integer
Prompt the user to enter a second integer
Compute the sum of the two user inputs
Display an output prompt that explains theanswer as the sum
Display the result
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Name:
Subject:
Topic: Pseudocode
Specs:
Write a program to calculate the cost of material for a dress. It will allow
the user to enter the number of yards of material. The final cost will be
displayed along with an appropriate output message.
Use P 50.00 as cost per yard of the material. The final cost is the cost peryard times the number of yards as inputted by the user.
You are guaranteed as a precondition that the user will enter a whole
number between or including 1 and 100 only.
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Pseudocode (answertoProb)
the user inputs the number of yards of material into a text
box and clicks a button
store the user's input (# of yards) into an Integer variable
multiply the number of yards by 50 and store that product ina Double variable
display the final cost with an output prompt message
allow the user to exit the program by clicking an Exit button
at any time
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E-references
http://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs112/notes/L08six.
pdf
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