lessons learned while going from 0 to 1 with mobile and ... · lessons learned while going from 0...

Lessons learned while going from 0 to 1 with Mobile and GraphQL

Kamilah Taylor, @kamilahGraphQL Summit 2020

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🇯🇲👩🏾‍🏫🤖📚👩🏾‍💻A little about me

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🇯🇲👩🏾‍🏫🤖📚👩🏾‍💻A little about me

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So you want to build an app and also use and learn GraphQL and evolve the schema at the same time

When we started working on this app, there were three main questions that we had and that

we have continuously asked ourselves

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🤨🧐🤔

So I’m using Apollo iOS in my app, what goes where?1

The schema is evolving! How do we keep up?2

So you’re telling me the engineering team has to think about multiple clients now?3

Over time, we’ve worked out some answers for these, and

some things, we’re still working on

Modular App Architecture + Apollo iOS

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The problem with the monolithAnd why we architected our app modularly

● Swift codebases get large and unmanageable● Compile times increase● Libraries get tightly coupled to our code● Lots of merge conflicts

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Our guiding architecture principles

● Modular app architecture● Enforce boundaries between modules● Practice encapsulation, especially for external dependencies● Use the coordinator pattern for navigation

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Where we startedA couple of feature frameworks

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Where we startedA couple of feature frameworks

Problem we found:We have multiple feature

frameworks and needed all of them to access the data layer

without creating a dependency on apollo for every feature

framework

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Enter: The DataService layerHow the feature frameworks talk to apollo

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What this wins for usModularization

● We’re able to break our codebase up into modules● We also separate our infrastructure layer from our feature

layer● We set ourselves up to be able to pull some of our infra layer

modules out completely as shareable libraries

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The DataServiceOur apollo workhorse

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What this wins for usEncapsulation

● Our feature frameworks never need to know that Apollo is running under the hood

● We centralize how everyone interfaces with the data layer● We hide some of our details of what the network manager is

doing from the feature frameworks

Solution we found: We used our modular app

architecture to encapsulate and create boundaries around Apollo and our data layer

Active app development + an evolving schema

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Build the app, define the schema, build the app, repeatAdd in some early experiments with mock data, realizations of how the schema should be defined and also some new use cases

Problem we found: Over time our understanding of what we

needed the schema structure to be changed, and with active

feature development, sometimes the schema had to

be updated

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Decoupling our code from the shape of the queries through the MVVM+Coordinator patternKeep data calls to just the view models and coordinators

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What this wins for usMore encapsulation

● Within our feature frameworks, usually only our view models interact with our data layer and have knowledge of the GraphQL models

● Sometimes our coordinators end up with this job, usually when they’re handling a flow that’s spread across multiple views

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Extensions to our GraphQL modelsIsolating the exact shape of the query where possible

● GraphQL generated models end up with deeply nested types that reveal the exact shape of the query

● We end up tightly coupling the shape of the query to everyone that needs to interact with the models

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Extensions to our GraphQL modelsIsolating the exact shape of the query where possible

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Extensions to our GraphQL modelsIsolating the exact shape of the query where possible

Solution we found: We handle schema evolution by limiting access to the data layer using

patterns like MVVM, and decoupling the code from the shape of the schema by using

Swift extensions

It’s a multiple client world - we just live in it

Problem we found: The team was used to designing APIs for a

web client that lived with the backend, but now we had to figure out how to design for

multiple clients

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Design the schemas to encapsulate business logicDon’t have your logic multiplied across clients

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Design the schemas to encapsulate business logicDon’t have your logic multiplied across clients

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Design the schemas to encapsulate business logicDon’t have your logic multiplied across clients

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A few more things that have worked for usThis list will only keep growing!

● For client side strings, always interpolate them with business values returned from the schema

● GraphQL Interfaces and enums are powerful tools for lists of items where new item types could be added over time

● Coordinate deprecations by partnering cross functionally● Design schemas to product backwards compatible where possible

Solution we found: We’ve embraced the multiple client world by designing GraphQL APIs to encapsulate business

logic, being product backwards compatible, and partnering across engineering teams

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☺✌🏾😌

Apollo iOS lives in a data service layer and feature frameworks interact with the data service through their view models1

Decouple as much of the app as possible from the shape of the schema to handle schema evolution gracefully2

Embrace the multiple client life and design the schema to encapsulate business logic and be product backwards compatible

3

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Victory