let the fun begin yeah. 22-3 your digestive system -what organs make up your digestive system??...
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Let the fun begin
Yeah
22-3 Your Digestive System
-What organs make up your digestive system??
-What is the path that food Travels in your body??
Digestion
• Process of breaking down food into small molecules that can be used for energy
• Not all food is used for energy.
Mechanical vs. Chemical Digestion
• Mechanical= food is broken down into smaller pieces– Done in the mouth and stomach
• Chemical = large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules through changes by different chemicals– Molecules will be absorbed after this – Found in mouth, stomach, + small intestine
• Both of these are used to release energy for the body
• Major organs for this process are:–Mouth– Esophagus– Stomach– Small Intestine– Large Intestine–Rectum–Anus
Esophagus
• JOB- connect mouth and stomach• Basically is a long tube (25 cm) that connects
the stomach to the mouth.
• Peristalsis- – waves of contractions by smooth muscles, move
the food through the esophagus.
Stomach• JOB= Food is turned into a soup (chyme)
• Mechanical (turns food)• Chemical digestion (enzymes and acid) occurs
• Changes shape- when empty- is a long tube (hotdog/sausage), when full- expands in size.
• Has Stomach Acid– Is very acidic- pH = 9, is Hydrochloric acid-– would eat away your stomach, but the
stomach has lining to not let happen
• Food stays here for about 4 hrs.
Small Intestine
• JOB = Food is absorbed here• Is very long (4m to 7m)• Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder release enzymes
into the small intestine
• Inside of the small intestine has many ridges and folds= villi–This allows the food to be absorbed by the
blood
Large Intestine
• Job= to absorb water from the chyme, causing chyme to turn to a solid form
• Chyme may stay in the large intestine up to 3 days to get the job done
Rectum + Anus
• Rectum-– Waste is stored here temporarily tell expelled
• Anus-– Waste leaves the body here
• Teeth– Cut/Tear food into smaller piece
• Salivary Glands– Make and store saliva
• Tongue– Moves the food around and helps a person talk
• Liver– Makes bile
• Gall Bladder– Stores Bile– Found hidden in the liver
• Pancreas– Releases juices into the small intestine to
breakdown and help food be absorbed– Hidden behind your stomach
• Appendix– Stores bacteria– Located off the large intestine
What are Enzymes?
What is the role of Enzymes in our body??
Can anyone name a few examples of enzymes in the body.
Enzymes
• These are molecules that speed up reactions in our body
• Can reduce amount of energy needed or provide a place for the reaction to occur
• Enzymes also help build molecules (besides just breaking them down)– Used in blood clots– Found in Muscle and nervous systems
• Humans couldn’t exist if they didn’t have enzymes.
• Saliva-–has amylase- • this starts the break down
carbohydrates
• Stomach-–has pepsin- • this starts the break down of proteins
Enzymes
-Insulin- -Released by the pancreas, -Allows glucose to be absorbed in the blood
• Bile – Released by gallbladder – helps breakdown fats
Food Absorption
• Peristalsis helps food continue to move throughout the digestive tract
• Food molecules will start to move into the bloodstream by diffusion, osmosis, and active transportation
• Once in the bloodstream they will go throughout the body- giving it energy
Good Bacteria in the Body
• Bacteria are heavily found in the large intestine.
• They break down cellulose (carbohydrate found in plants)– releasing several vit. and minerals
• Bacteria and humans have a mutualism relationship
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