liberal democracy by muhammad muinul islam

Liberal Democracy: Definition and Major Variants

Prepared by:Muhammad Muinul IslamDepartment of Public AdministrationJahangirnagar Universitymmislam92@gmail.com

Democracy has many forms from ancient times to present.

Introduction

The idea of democracy is shaped in different times in different forms which are sometimes overlapping.

Introduction

Examples

Democracy

Direct Democracy Madisonian

Democracy

Majoritarian Democracy Representative

Democracy

Liberal Democracy

What is Democracy?

Rule by the people Popular sovereignty, Majority rule, and Political equality.

What is Liberal Democracy?

Two terms: Two related features of political System –

1. Responsiveness of the wishes of citizen.

2. The wishes of the majority are not to override all the political or civil rights of the minorities.

What is Liberal Democracy?

Competitive political system

Freedom of speech, press and assembly

Expression of preferences or capacity to bargain

in policy

Definition

“A democracy in which majoritarian decisions (from direct or

representative processes) prevail in many policy areas, subject to the

restriction that those decisions may not breach individuals' liberties and

rights, as spelled out in a constitution.”

Examples of Liberal Democracy USA France Switzerland

A Brief Overview

1902 – 48 Nations – 9 Liberal democracies

1st World War – 65 Nations – 22 Liberal democracies

1985 – 30% of World regimes.

Major Variants - One

Constitutional Organization: Decision Rules

How laws must be madeDegree of inclusivenessMajoritarian form

Major Variants - Two

Constitutional Organization: Election Rules

Two Party System Principle of ‘first past the post’

election rule

Major Variants - Three

Competitive Party System: Critical Linkage

Major Variants - Four

Interest Group System

Citizen Participation in Liberal Democray

Voting Participation

Campaign and Communal Participation

Interest Groups

Points to Learn

What is Liberal Democracy? What is the differences between democracy

and liberal democracy? What are the major variants of liberal

democracy? Analyze major variants of democracy in the

context of Bangladesh. Is liberal democracy a threat to development

of a nation?

Thank you!