life span lecture 4 chapter 7-8 toddlerhood & preschool

Life Span Lecture 4

Chapter 7-8Toddlerhood & Preschool

Toddlerhood

• 1-3 years• Growth– Slow & Steady

• Areas of focus– Gross & fine motor skills– Language– Autonomy

Height & Weight

• Height– @3 inch / year

• Weight– @5 pounds / year

Body proportions

• Extremities grow faster than trunk

• 2 yr– Potbelly– Lordosis

• 3 yr– Slender– Stronger– Erect posture

How many “deciduous” teeth are there?

A. 12B. 18C. 20D. 24E. 36

At what point to children have all of their deciduous teeth?

A. 1 yrB. 1 ½ yrC. 2 yrD. 2 ½ yrE. 3 yr

Face & Teeth

• Dentist • Fluoride• Brushing• Thumb sucking– Self-limiting

Bone Development

• Ossification• Greenstick fx

Sensory Development

• 3 yrs– 20/20 vision

• Amblyopia– Eye patch the good eye

• Eustachian tube

Developmental Milestones

• Related to – independent function

Vital Signs

• Temp– 98 – 99o F

• Pulse– 90 – 120/ min

• Resp– 20 – 30 / min

• BP– 100/65

Gross motor

• Balance 1 foot• Jump• Steps• Run

Fine motor

• Self-feeding• Dressing• Rides tricycle• Simple puzzles• Blocks• Copies circles / lines• Turns knobs • Opens lids

A toddler is in what stage according to the psychoanalytical theory model?

A. Trust vs. MistrustB. Autonomy vs. ShameC. Oral stageD. Anal stageE. Preoperational

What part of toilet training do toddlers learn first?

A. Bowel controlB. Bladder control

Toilet training

• Help undressing• Accidents• Age– 2 – 3 ½ yrs

A toddler is in what stage according to the psychosocial theory model?

A. Trust vs. MistrustB. Autonomy vs. ShameC. Oral stageD. Anal stageE. Preoperational

Psychosocial development: Autonomy

• Independence• Freedom of choice

Psychosocial development: Discipline

• Simple & direct f/b diversion

• Consistent• Routine • Frustration

negativistic behavior• “Time out”

Psychosocial development:

• Separation anxiety• Warm & affectionate• Comfort items• Sibling rivalry • Regression

A toddler is in what stage according to the Piaget’s cognitive theory model?

A. Trust vs. MistrustB. Autonomy vs. ShameC. Oral stageD. Anal stageE. Preoperational

Cognitive development

• Global perspective• Object permanence• “magical” age• Egocentric view• Time • Couriosity

Moral Development

• Parent’s moral code child's moral code

Communication

• Automatic & spontaneous

• Understand before they can express

• 2 yrs– 2 word sentences– 50 word vocabulary

• 3 yrs– 2 word sentences– 1,000 word vocabulary

Nutrition

• Est. eating habits• Amounts & Variety• Growth

– Protein– Calcium– Iron– Phosphorus– Vitamins

• 2-3 yrs– Eating same food as family

Nutrition

• Caloric intake– 1,300 cal/day

• Pain vs mixed• Ritualistic behavior• Idea meal plan– 3 small meal– 3 nutritious snacks

• Routine• Socialization

Sleep and Rest

• Nap• Ritual• Nightmares

Play

• Mimic• Symbolic play• Parallel play• Toys– Fine and gross motor

What is the leading cause of death in toddlers?

A. CancerB. AccidentsC. Bacterial InfectionD. Viral InfectionE. SIDS

What is the leading cause of accident death in toddlers?

A. DrowningB. BurnsC. Motor vehicleD. ChokingE. Poisoning

Preschool

• Age– 3-6yrs

Height & Weight

• Height– 2-3 inches / year

• Weight– 5 pounds / year

Body proportions

• Loss subcutaneous and adipose tissue

• More adult like

Teeth

• Tooth decay• Plaque• Dental visits– Q 6 months

Muscle & Bone Development

• Long bones lose red marrow

• Flat bones have red marrow – Skull– Sternum– Pelvis

Sensory Development

• Vision– 20/20– By age 5

• Depth perception • Color

• Hearing– Ear infections

Vital Signs

• Pulse– 90-100 / minute

• Resp– 22-25 / min

• BP– 100 / 60

Gross motor

• 4 yrs– Walking / running tip toes– Hop & balance one foot– Stairs– Climb & jump

• 5 yrs– Coordination increases– Jump rope– Skip– Balance beam– Sports

Fine motor

• Self-care• Draw• Scissors• Printing name

Sexual Development

• Genital awareness• Masterbation

What stage of development is a preschooler (late childhood) on the psychosocial model?

A. Oral B. AnalC. Autonomy vs shameD. Initiative vs guiltE. Properational

Psychosocial development: Initiative

• Explore!• Pretending

Psychosocial development: Discipline

• Set limits• Explore feelings

Psychosocial development:

• Jealousy

Preschool education

• Peer interaction

Cognitive development

• Centration• Lack reversibility• Share• Creative – Egocentric– Magical

• Increased attention span

Which of the following developed a moral development theory and staging?

A. FreudB. EriksonC. PiagetD. KohlbergE. Pope

What is the first level of Kohlberg's moral development model?

A. PreconventionalB. Trust vs mistrustC. OralD. AnalE. Sensorimotor

What is the term Freud used for a “Conscience”

A. IdB. EgoC. Superego

Communication

• 4 yrs– 4 word sentences– Who, what, where– Nouns, verbs &

adjectives

• 5 yrs– 5+ word sentences– 2,000+ word vocabulary

Nutrition

• Caloric intake– 1,800 cal /day

Sleep and Rest

• 10-12 hours / night• Nap– 1 a day (if)– 30 – 60 minutes

• Nightmares

Play

• Cooperative / associative play– Rules– Share

• Audience• Imagination• Imaginary friends

Safety

• Car seats• Injuries• Strangers

Thumb sucking

• Malalignment of the teeth

Bed-wetting

• Enuresis

Fears

• Dark• Mutilation• Abandonment