list of programming languages by type
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8/10/2019 List of Programming Languages by Type
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List of pr ogramming languages by type
Programming languagelists
AlphabeticalCategoricalChronologicalGenerational
v t e
From W ikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of programming language s groups.
Contents [hide ]
1 Array language2 Ass embly languages3 Authorin g languages4 Co mmand line interface languages5 Compiled languages6 Concurrent languages7 Curly-bra cket languages8 Dataflow languages9 Data-oriented languages10 D ata-structured languages
11 De cision table languages12 De clarative languages13 Embeddable languages
13.1 In source code13.1.1 Server side13.1.2 Client side
13.2 In object code14 E ducational languages15 Esoteric languages16 Extension languages17 Fourth-generation languages18 Functional languages
18. 1 Pure18.2 Impure
19 Hardware description languages19.1 HDLs for analog circ uit design19.2 HDLs for digital circuit design
20 Imperative languages21 Interactive mode languages22 Interpreted languages23 Iterative languages24 List-based languages LISPs25 Little languages26 Logic-based languages27 Machine languages
28 Macro languages28.1 Textual substitution macro languages28.2 Application macro languages
29 Metaprogramming languages30 Multiparadigm languages31 Numerical analysis32 Non-English-based languages33 Object-oriented class-based languages
33.1 Multiple dispatch33.2 Single dispatch
34 Object-oriented prototype-based languages35 Off-side rule languages36 Procedural languages37 Reflective languages38 Rule-based languages39 Scripting languages40 Stack-based languages41 Synchronous languages
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42 Syntax handling languages43 Visual languages44 Wirth languages45 XML-based languages46 See also47 References48 External links
Array language [edit ]See also: Category:Array programming languages
Array programming (also known as vector or multidimensional languages) generalize operations on scalars to apply
transparently to vectors, matrices, and higher-dimensional arrays.
A+
APL
Chapel
Fortran
J
Julia
K
MatlabOctave
S
S-Lang
SequenceL
X10
ZPL
IDL
Assembly languages [edit ]Main article: List of assemblers
Assembly languages directly correspond to a machine language (see below) so machine code instructions appear ina form understandable by humans. Assembly languages lets programmers use symbolic addresses, which the
assembler converts to absolute addresses. Most assemblers also support macros and symbolic constants .
Autocoder (for IBM 1401 and 1440 mainframe systems)
BAL (Basic Assembly Language) - for IBM System/360 and later mainframe systems
COMPASS (COMPrehensive ASSembler)
FAP (Fortran Assembly Program, for IBM 709, 7090, 7094 mainframes)
FASM (Flat Assembler; IA-32 , IA-64)
GAS (GNU Assembler)
HLA (High Level Assembly)
HLASM (High Level Assembler, for mainframes )
LC-3Linoleum (for cross-platform use)
MACRO-11 (for DEC PDP-11 )
MASM (Microsoft Macro Assembler)
MI (Machine Interface, compile-time intermediate language )
MIPS (for MIPS architecture ) Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages
Motorola 68k Assembly (for Motorola 68000 family ) of CPUs
NASM (Netwide Assembler)
NEAT (National's Electronic Autocoder Technique), for NCR computers, evolved into NEAT/3
PAL-III (for DEC PDP-8 )
PASM (for Parrot virtual machine )
RosAsm (32-bit Assembler; The Bottom Up Assembler)Sphinx C-- (mixes Assembly commands with C-like structures)
SPS (also IBM 1620)
TASM (Turbo Assembler, Borland )
X#
Yasm (Rewrite of NASM )
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netwide_Assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_Assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_1401_Symbolic_Programming_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C--https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RosAsmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_virtual_machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot_assembly_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netwide_Assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_68000_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Macro_Assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MACRO-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linoleum_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LC-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-level_assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Level_Assemblyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaniumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FASMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_700/7000_series#Scientific_Architecture_.28704.2F709.2F7090.2F7094.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_700/7000_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COMPASShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Basic_assembly_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocoderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symbolic_constant&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language_assemblerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assemblershttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Data_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZPL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X10_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SequenceLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Lang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octave_(language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matlabhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%2B_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Array_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Array_programming_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=1 -
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Z80A Mnemonic language used to represent instructions for the Z80A microprocessor
Authoring languages [edit ]Main article: Authoring language
Bigwig (web design language)
PILOT
TUTOR
Command line interface languages [edit ]Command-line interface (CLI) languages are also called batch languages, or job control languages. Examples:
4DOS (extended command-line shell for IBM PCs )
bash (the Bourne-Again shell from GNU/FSF )
CHAIN (Datapoint )
CLIST (MVS Command List)
CMS EXEC
csh and tcsh (C-like shell from Bill Joy at UC Berkeley )
DCL DIGITAL Command Language - standard CLI language for VMS (DEC , Compaq , HP)
DOS batch language (standard CLI/batch language for the IBM PC running DR-DOS , MS-DOS , or PC DOS before
Windows )
EXEC 2
Expect (a UNIX automation and test tool)
Hamilton C shell (a C shell for Windows)
JCL (punch card -oriented batch control language for IBM System/360 family mainframes)
ksh (a standard UNIX shell, written by David Korn )
Rc (command-line shell for Plan 9 )
REXX
sh (the standard UNIX shell, written by Stephen R. Bourne )
TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language)
Windows batch language (Windows batch file language as understood by COMMAND.COM and CMD.EXE )
Windows PowerShell (Microsoft .NET -based CLI)
zsh (a UNIX shell)
Compiled languages [edit ]These are languages typically processed by compilers , though theoretically any language can be compiled or
interpreted. See also compiled language .
ActionScript
Ada (multi-purpose language)
ALGOL (extremely influential language design. The second high level language compiler.)
SMALL Machine Algol Like Language
Ateji PX , an extension of the Java language for parallelism
BASIC (some dialects, including the first version of Dartmouth BASIC)BAIL (compiled into C)
BCPL
Blue
C (one of the most widely used procedural programming languages)
C++ (One of the most widely used Object Oriented Languages specially used in large scale, highly complex, high
performance software systems)
CLIPPER 5.3 (Programming Language for dos base software)
C# (compiled into Intermediate Language , which generates a native image at runt ime)
CLEO (Clear Language for Expressing Orders) used the compiler for the British Leo computers
COBOL
Cobra
Common Lisp
Curl
D (Attempts a "C++ done right" philosophy)
DASL compiles into Java, JavaScript, JSP, Flex, etc., which are further compiled into a .war file
Delphi (Borland 's Object Pascal development system)
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DIBOL (Digital Interactive Business Oriented Language)
Dylan
Eiffel (object-oriented language developed by Bertrand Meyer )
Sather
Ubercode
Emacs Lisp
Erlang
Factor
Fancy
Forth (professional systems, like VFX and SwiftForth)
Fortran (the first high-level, compiled language, from IBM, John Backus , et al.)
Go
Gosu
Groovy (compiled into JVM bytecode )
Haskell
Harbour
Java (usually compiled into JVM bytecode although true native-code compiled versions exist)
JOVIAL
LabVIEW
Mercury
Nemerle (compiled into Intermediate Language bytecode)
Obix
Objective-C
Pascal (most implementations)
Plus
RPG (Report Program Generator)
Rust
Scheme (some implementations, e.g. Gambit)
SequenceL purely functional, automatically parallelizing and race-free
Smalltalk generally compiled to platform independent bytecode that runs on a Virtual Machine.
Swift
MLStandard ML
Alice
OCaml
Turing
Vala (Compiler for the GObject type system)
Visual Basic (earlier versions compiled directly to a native runtime. Recent .NET versions compile into Intermediate
Language that is generated into a native image at runtime)
Visual FoxPro
Visual Prolog
WinDev
X++X#
XL
Z++
Concurrent languages [edit ]See also: Category:Concurrent programming languages
Message passing languages provide language constructs for concurrency . The predominant paradigm for
concurrency in mainstream languages such as Java is shared memory concurrency based on monitors . Concurrent
languages that make use of message passing have generally been inspired by CSP or the -calculus , but have had
little commercial success, except for Ada and Erlang. Ada is a multipurpose language and concurrent programming is
only one option available.
Ada (multi-purpose language)
Alef concurrent language with threads and message passing, used for systems programming in early versions of
Plan 9 from Bell Labs
Ateji PX an extension of the Java language for parallelism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ateji_PXhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alef_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-calculushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating_sequential_processeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor_(synchronization)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_memoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Concurrent_programming_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%2B%2Bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics_AXhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinDevhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Prologhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_FoxProhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vala_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCamlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_MLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ML_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SequenceLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_RPGhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective-Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obix_programming_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemerlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabVIEWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOVIALhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbour_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bytecodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gosu_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Backushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fancy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubercodehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Meyerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIBOL -
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DASL_-_Distributed_Application_Specification_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChucKhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2Bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCPLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bc_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWKhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoHotkeyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alef_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActionScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor-Based_Concurrent_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCPLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braces_(punctuation)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XProchttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Parallel_Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SequenceLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actor_modelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SALSA_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-calculushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pict_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart_Programming_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orc_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi-calculushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam-%CF%80https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communicating_sequential_processeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MultiLisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno_(operating_system)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alef_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbo_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join-calculushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X10_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_Javahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCOOP_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-array_Fortranhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clojurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%CF%89https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChucK -
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E
ECMAScript
ActionScript
ECMAScript for XML
JavaScript
JScript
TypeScript
Frink
GML ( Game Maker Language )
GLSL
ICI
Java
Processing
Groovy
Join Java
Tea
X10
LPC
MSL
MEL
Nemerle - combines C# and ML features, provides syntax extension capabilities
PCASTL
Perl
PHP
Pico
Pike
R
Rust
S-Lang
Scala
sed
SuperCollider TCL
UnrealScript
Windows PowerShell (Microsoft .NET -based CLI)
Yorick
There is dispute among programmers who use these languages about the placement of opening braces. Some put
them on the lines of code which determine whether the contents of the braces are executed (e.g. the "if" or "while"
condition) in order to reduce the number of lines and make more code visible at once. Others put every brace on a
new line of code, in order to make brace nesting clearer. See Indent style .
Dataflow languages [edit ]Dataflow programming languages rely on a (usually visual) representation of the flow of data to specify the program.
Frequently used for reacting to discrete events or for processing streams of data. Examples of dataflow languages
include:
Hartmann pipelines
G (used in LabVIEW )
Lucid
Max
Oz
Prograph
Pure Data
Reaktor
StreamBase StreamSQL EventFlow
VEE
VHDL
VisSim
WebMethods Flow
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Data-oriented languages [edit ]Data-oriented languages provide powerful ways of searching and manipulating the relations that have been described
as entity relationship tables which map one set of things into other sets. Examples of data-oriented languages include:
Clarion
Clipper
dBase a relational database access language
MUMPS (an ANSI standard general purpose language with specializations for database work.)
Cach (similar to MUMPS)
RDQL
SPARQL
SQL
Tutorial D , see also The Third Manifesto
Visual FoxPro , a native RDBMS engine, object or iented, RAD
WebDNA
WebQL
Data-structured languages [edit ]See also: Category:Data-structured programming languages
Data-structured languages are those where logic is structured in ways similar to their data. Such languages aregenerally well suited to reflection and introspection. There are three main types:
Array-based
List-based
Stack-based
Assembly languages that statically link data inline with instructions can also be considered data-structured, in the
most primitive way.
Decision table languages [edit ]Decision tables can be used as an aid to clarifying the logic before writing a program in any language, but in the
1960s a number of languages were developed where the main logic is expressed directly in the form of a decision
table, including:
Filetab
Declarative languages [edit ]See also: Category:Declarative programming languages
Declarative languages describe a problem rather than def ining a solution. Declarative programming stands in contrast
to imperative programming via imperative programming languages, where serial orders (imperatives) are given to a
computer. In addition to the examples given just below, all (pure) functional and logic-based programming languages
are also declarative. In fact, "functional" and "logical" constitute the usual subcategories of the declarative category.
Ant (partially Declarative languages , partially imperative programming )
Candle
DASL (partially Declarative languages , partially imperative programming )
Lustre
MetaPost
Modelica
Prolog
Oz
RDQL
SequenceL purely functional, automatically parallelizing and race-free
SPARQL
SQL
xBaseXSL Transformations
Embeddable languages [edit ]
In source code [edit ]
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Source embeddable languages embed small pieces of executable code inside a piece of free-form text, often a web
page.
Client-side embedded languages are limited by the capabilities of the browser or intended client. They aim to provide
dynamism to web pages without the need to recontact the server.
Server-side embedded languages are much more flexible, since almost any language can be built into a server . The
aim of having fragments of server-side code embedded in a web page is to generate additional markup dynamically;
the code itself disappears when the page is served, to be replaced by its output.
Server side [edit ]
PHP
VBScript
SMX, dedicated to web pages
WebDNA , dedicated to database-driven websites.
Python
The above examples are particularly dedicated to this purpose. A large number of other languages, such as Candle ,
Erlang , Scala , Perl and Ruby can be adapted ( for instance, by being made into Apache modules).
Client side [edit ]
ActionScript
Java
JavaScript
ECMAScript
JScript
VBScript (Windows only)
In object code [edit ]
A wide variety of dynamic or scripting languages can be embedded in compiled executable code. Basically, object
code for the language's interpreter needs to be linked into the executable. Source code fragments for the embedded
language can then be passed to an evaluation function as strings. Application control languages can be implemented
this way, if the source code is input by the user. Languages with small interpreters are preferred.
AngelScript
Ch
EEL
Io
Lua
Ruby (via mruby )
Tcl
Educational languages [edit ]Languages developed primarily for the purpose of teaching and learning of programming.
Alice
Blue
Logo
Modula-2
Pascal
Scheme
Scratch
Turing
Esoteric languages [edit ]See also: Category:Esoteric programming languages
An esoteric programming language is a programming language designed as a test of the boundaries of computer
programming language design, as a proof of concept, or as a joke.
Befunge
Brainfuck
Chef
FALSE
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INTERCAL
LOLCODE
Malbolge
Piet
Shakespeare
Whitespace
Extension languages [edit ]
Extension programming languages are languages embedded into another program and used to harness its featuresin extension scripts.
Ateji PX an extension of the Java language for parallelism
AutoLISP (specific to AutoCAD )
CAL
C/AL(C/SIDE)
Guile
JavaScript and some dialects (e.g. JScript )
Lua
OpenCL an extension of C and C++ to use the GPU and parallel extensions of the CPU.
OptimJ an extension of the Java programming language with language support for writing optimization models and
powerful abstractions for bulk data processing.
Python (Maya, Blender and other 3-D animation packages)
REXX
Ruby (Google SketchUp)
S-Lang
SQL
Squirrel
Tcl
Vim script
VBA
Windows PowerShell
Fourth-generation languages [edit ]See also: Category:4GL
Fourth-generation programming languages are high-level languages built around database systems. They are
generally used in commercial environments.
ABAP
BuildProfessional
CorVision
CSC 's GraphTalk
Easytrieve report generator (now CA-Easytrieve Plus)
FOCUS
IBM Informix-4GL / Aubit-4GLLINC 4GL
MAPPER (Unisys/Sperry ) now part of BIS
MARK-IV (Sterling/Informatics ) now VISION:BUILDER of CA
NATURAL
Progress 4GL
Revolution (not based on a database; still, the goal is to work at a higher level of abstraction than 3GLs)
SAS
Sculptor
Ubercode (VHLL, or Very High Level Language)
Uniface
Visual DataFlexVisual FoxPro
xBase
Functional languages [edit ]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REFALhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(programming_language_from_Kx_Systems)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q_(equational_programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poploghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPS5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemerlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCamlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_MLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ML_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_b_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clojurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScript_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAL_(Joss_family)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPr_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATS_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SequenceLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hope_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coqhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charity_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Functional_languages -
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Scala
Spreadsheets
Hardware description languages [edit ]In electronics, a Hardware description language or HDL is a specialized computer language used to describe the
structure, design and operation of electronic circuits, and most commonly, digital logic circuits. The two most widely
used and well-supported HDL varieties used in industry are Verilog and VHDL. Hardware description languages
include:
HDLs for analog circuit design [edit ]
Verilog-AMS (Verilog for Analog and Mixed-Signal)
VHDL-AMS (VHDL with Analog/Mixed-Signal extension)
HDLs for digital circuit design [edit ]
Advanced Boolean Expression Language (ABEL)
Altera Hardware Description Language (AHDL)
Bluespec
Chisel (Constructing Hardware in a Scala Embedded Language)
Confluence
ELLA
ESys.netHandel-C
HHDL
Impulse C
JHDL
Lava
Lola
M
MyHDL
PALASM
Ruby (hardware description language)
SystemCSystemVerilog
Verilog
VHDL (VHSIC HDL)
Imperative languages [edit ]Imperative programming languages may be multi-paradigm and appear in other classifications. Here is a list of
programming languages that follow the imperative paradigm :[1][2]
Ada
ALGOL
BASIC
Blue
C
C++
COBOL
D
FORTRAN
Go
Java
Julia
Lua
MATLAB
Machine languageModula-2 , Modula-3
MUMPS
Oberon
Object Pascal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUMPShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLABhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORTRANhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COBOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_paradigmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHDLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veriloghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SystemVeriloghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SystemChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(hardware_description_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PALASMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyHDLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lola_(computing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JHDLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HHDLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel-Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESys.nethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELLA_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluencehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiselhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluespechttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altera_Hardware_Description_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Boolean_Expression_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHDL-AMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verilog-AMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=26https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VHDLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veriloghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_description_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_(programming_language) -
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OCaml
Pascal
Perl
PHP
PROSE modeling language
Python
Ruby
Rust
Interactive mode languages [edit ]Interactive mode languages act as a kind of shell: expressions or statements can be entered one at a time, and the
result of their evaluation is seen immediately.
APL
BASIC (some dialects)
Clojure
Common Lisp
Erlang
F#
Fancy
ForthFPr
Fril
Haskell (with the GHCi or Hugs interpreter)
IDL
J
JavaScript (via Node.js at the command line or Chrome's developer tools)
Julia
Lua
MUMPS (an ANSI standard general purpose language)
Maple
Mathematica
MATLAB
ML
Obix
Perl
Pike
PostScript
Python
PROSE modeling language
R
REXX
Ruby (with IRB)
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk (anywhere in a Smalltalk environment)
S-Lang (with the S-Lang shell, slsh)
Tcl (with the Tcl shell, tclsh)
Windows PowerShell (Microsoft .NET -based CLI)
Interpreted languages [edit ]Interpreted languages are programming languages in which programs may be executed from source code form, by an
interpreter. Theoretically, any language can be compiled or interpreted, so the term *interpreted language* generally
refers to languages that are commonly interpreted rather than compiled.
Ant
APL
AutoHotkey scripting language
AutoIt scripting language
BASIC (some dialects)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoIthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoHotkeyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Anthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreted_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tclhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Lang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Ruby_Shellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REXXhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROSE_modeling_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obix_programming_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ML_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLABhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUMPShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPr_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fancy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clojurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROSE_modeling_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCaml -
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Processing_Languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobra_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLU_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator_(computer_science)#C.23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphard_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator_(computer_science)https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.NET_Frameworkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ThinBasichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TorqueScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-BASIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tclhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallax_Propellerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_MLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Lang_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REXXhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROSE_modeling_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIKThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCASTLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriel_(scripting_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maple_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUMPShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LPC_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameMaker:_Studiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frinkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_machinehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPr_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threaded_codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EiffelStudiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DM_(computing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DATABUS_(programming_language) -
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List-based languages LISPs [edit ]List-based languages are a type of data-structured language that are based upon the list data structure.
FPr
Joy
Lisp
Arc
Clojure
Common Lisp
Dylan
Emacs Lisp
Racket
Scheme
Logo
R
Tcl
Tea
TRAC
Little languages [edit ]Little languages serve a specialized problem domain.
awk can serve as a prototyping language for C, because the syntax is similar
Comet is used to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems in areas such as resource allocation and
scheduling .
SQL has only a few keywords, and not all the constructs needed for a full programming language. [3] Many
database management systems extend SQL with additional constructs as a stored procedure language.
Logic-based languages [edit ]See also: Category:Logic programming languages
Logic-based languages specify a set of attributes that a solution must have, rather than a set of steps to obtain a
solution. Examples:
ALF
Alma-0
CLACL (CLAC-Language)
Curry
Fril
Janus
Prolog (a logic programming language featur ing polymorphic typing, modular programming, and higher-order
programming)
Leda
Oz
Mozart Programming System a multiplatform Oz
Poplog
Prolog (formulates data and the program evaluation mechanism as a special form of mathematical logic called
Horn logic and a general proving mechanism called logical resolution )
Mercury (based on Prolog)
Strawberry Prolog (standard Prolog with some extensions)
Visual Prolog (object-oriented Prolog extension)
ROOP
Machine languages [edit ]Machine languages are directly executable by a computer's CPU. They are typically formulated as bit patterns, usually
represented in octal or hexadecimal . Each group of npatterns (often 1 or more bytes) causes the circuits in the CPU
to execute one of the fundamental operations of the hardware. The activation of specific electrical inputs (e.g., CPU
package pins for microprocessors), and logical settings for CPU state values, control the processor's computation.
Individual machine languages are processor specific and are not por table. They are (essentially) always defined by
the CPU developer, not by 3rd parties. The symbolic version, the processor's assembly language , is also defined by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_codehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROOP_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Prologhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry_Prologhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resolution_(logic)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_clausehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prologhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poploghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart_Programming_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9BProloghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janus_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frilhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLACL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_Logic_Functional_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Logic_programming_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stored_procedurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_allocationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_optimizationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AWKhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRAC_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tclhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logo_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clojurehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Graham_(computer_programmer)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPr_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_(computing)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-structured_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=32 -
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the developer, in most cases. Since processors come in families based on a shared architecture, the same basic
assembly language style can often be used for more than one CPU. Each of the following CPUs served as the basis
for a family of processors:
ARM
DEC PDP-6 , which led to the KA10 family (used in PDP-10 , DECSYSTEM-20 )
DEC PDP-11 (influenced VAX and M68000 )
Intel 8008 , 8080 and 8085
Zilog Z80
x86-16 Instruction set first used in the Intel 8086
Intel 8088 (variant used in the first and early IBM PC )
Intel 80186
Intel 80286 (the first x86 processor with protected mode , used in the IBM AT )
x86-32
Intel 80386
Intel 80486
Intel Pentium and Xeon CPUs
x86-64 The original specification was created by AMD. There are vendor variants, but they're essentially the
same
AMD's AMD64 - Opteron , Athlon 64
Intel's Intel 64 - Core CPUs ( Core2 , i3, i5, i7), some Atom , and newer Pentium 4s and Xeon processorsIBM System/360
MIPS R2000/R3000
Motorola 6800
Motorola 68000 family (CPUs used in early Apple Macintosh and early Sun computers)
MOS Technology 65xx
6502 (CPU for VIC-20 , Apple II , and Atari 800 )
6510 (CPU for Commodore 64 )
Western Design Center 65816/65802 (CPU for Apple II GS and (variant) Super Nintendo Entertainment
System )
National 32032
Power ArchitecturePOWER
PowerPC - used in Power Macintosh and the technology is used in many game consoles )
StrongARM
Sun SPARC , UltraSPARC
Macro languages [edit ]
Textual substitution macro languages [edit ]See also: Category:Macro programming languages
Macro languages transform one source code file into another. A "macro" is essentially a short piece of text that
expands into a longer one, possibly with parameter substitution. They are often used to preprocess source code.Preprocessors can also supply facilities like file inclusion . Macro languages may be restricted to acting on specially
labeled code regions (pre-fixed with a # in the case of the C preprocessor. Alternatively, they may not, but in this
case it is still often undesirable to (for instance) expand a macro embedded in a string literal , so they still need a
rudimentary awareness of syntax. That being the case, they are often still applicable to more than one language.
Contrast with source-embeddable languages like PHP , which are fully featured.
cpp (the C preprocessor)
m4 (originally from AT&T, bundled with UNIX)
Application macro languages [edit ]
Scripting languages such as Tcl and ECMAScript ( ActionScript , ECMAScript for XML , JavaScript , JScript ) have been
embedded into applications. These are sometimes called "macro languages", although in a somewhat different sense
to textual-substitution macros like m4 .
Metaprogramming languages [edit ]Metaprogramming is writing of programs that write or manipulate other programs (or themselves) as their data or that
do part of the work that is otherwise done at run time during compile time . In many cases, this allows programmers to
List of programming languages by type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 9/1/2014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compile_timehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run_time_(program_lifecycle_phase)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaprogramminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=39https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M4_(computer_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XMLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActionScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tclhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=38https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M4_(computer_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_preprocessorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_literalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File_inclusion&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preprocesshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Macro_programming_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=37https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UltraSPARChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StrongARMhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC#Gaming_consoleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Macintoshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_POWER_microprocessorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_Architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NS320xxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_IIGShttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDC_65816/65802https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Design_Centerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6510https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari_8-bit_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_II_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_VIC-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_6502https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technology_65xxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOS_Technologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_68000_familyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_6800https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R1000https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_System/360https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Xeonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Atomhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corei7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i5_430https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_i3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Core#Core2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlon_64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opteronhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64#AMD64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Deviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Micro_Deviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-64https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Xeonhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentiumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80486https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_AThttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_modehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80186https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8088https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zilog_Z80https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8085https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8080https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8008https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_68000_family#Architecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VAXhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DECSYSTEM-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture -
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbour_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPr_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantom_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffel_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XMLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActionScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScripthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dylan_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curry_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect-oriented_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Lisphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobra_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChucKhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2Bhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BETA_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_Logic_Functional_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_(computer_science)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperative_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_computinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigmhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-paradigm_programming_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=40https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SequenceLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemerlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetaOCamlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetaL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematicahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maude_systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fancy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curl_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B -
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LabVIEW (dataflow , visual )
Lasso (macro, object-oriented (prototype-based), procedural, scripting)
Lava (object-oriented (class-based), visual)
Leda (functional, imperative, logic, object-oriented (class-based))
Lua (functional, imperative, object-oriented ( prototype-based ))
Mercury (functional, logical, object oriented)
Metaobject protocols (object-oriented (class-based, prototype-based))
Nemerle (functional, object-oriented (class-based), imperative, metaprogramming)
Objective-C (imperative, object-oriented (class-based), reflective)
OCaml (functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based))
Oz (functional (evaluation: eager , lazy ), logic, constraint , imperative, object-oriented (class-based), concurrent,
distributed)
Mozart Programming System (multiplatform Oz)
Object Pascal (imperative, object-oriented (class-based))
Perl (imperative, functional (can't be purely functional), object-oriented, class-oriented, aspect-oriented (through
modules))
PHP (imperative, object-oriented)
Pike
Poplog (functional, imperative, logic)
Prograph (dataflow, object-oriented (class-based), visual)
Python (functional, object-oriented (class-based), imperative, metaprogramming)R
Racket (functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based)..., and can be extended by the user)
REBOL (functional, imperative, object-oriented (prototype-based), metaprogramming (dialected))
ROOP (imperative, logic, object-oriented (class-based), rule-based)
Ruby (imperative, functional, object-oriented (class-based))
Rust (concurrent, functional, imperative, object-oriented)
Scala (functional, object-oriented)
Seed7 (imperative, object-oriented, generic)
SISAL (concurrent, dataflow, functional)
Spreadsheets (functional, visual)
Tcl (functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based))Tea (functional, imperative, object-oriented (class-based))
Windows PowerShell (functional, imperative, pipeline, object-oriented (class-based))
XL (concept programming approach)
Numerical analysis [edit ] AIMMS
AMPL
GAMS
Julia
MATLAB
PROSE modeling languageSeneca an Oberon variant
Non-English-based languages [edit ]Main article: non-English-based programming languages
ARLOGO - Arabic
Chinese BASIC - Chinese
Fjlnir - Icelandic
Language Symbolique d'Enseignement - French
Lexico - Spanish
Rapira - Russian
Object-oriented class-based languages [edit ]Class-based Object-oriented programming languages support objects defined by their class. Class definitions include
member data. Message passing is a key concept (if not the key concept) in Object-oriented languages.
List of programming languages by type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 9/1/2014
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_type#Interpreted_languages 17 / 26
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_passinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=43https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapirahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexico_programming_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSE_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icelandic_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%B6lnir_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_BASIChttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARLOGOhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-English-based_programming_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PROSE_modeling_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MATLABhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Algebraic_Modeling_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMPL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIMMShttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_programming_languages_by_type&action=edit§ion=41https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XL_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_PowerShellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tclhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spreadsheethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SISALhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seed7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROOP_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REBOLhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prographhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poploghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHPhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-platformhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart_Programming_Systemhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_evaluationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eager_evaluationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oz_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCamlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objective-Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemerlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaobjecthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype-based_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasso_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_programming_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dataflow_programminghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabVIEW -
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Pascalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obix_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberon-2_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_NetRexxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemerlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modula-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabVIEWhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X10_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_Javahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbour_(software)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameMaker:_Studiohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambashttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FPr_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_(programming_language)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran_2003https:/
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