looking under the desktop … where was hci before 1984? alan blackwell reader in interdisciplinary...

Looking under the desktop … where was HCI before 1984?

Alan BlackwellReader in Interdisciplinary DesignUniversity of Cambridge

Vannevar Bush

Memex

J C R Licklider – man-computer symbiosis

Ivan Sutherland – demonstrating symbiosis

Sketchpad

Doug Engelbart – the human augmentation project

NLS – oNLine System

Stanford Augmentation Research Center (ARC)

Alan Kay

KiddiKomp

David Canfield Smith

Pygmalion – symbiosis for the programmer

Card, Newman, Moran, Tesler and others

Xerox Star

Xerox Star

Jef Raskin

Apple Lisa

Apple Lisa

Apple Macintosh

If this is man-machine symbiosis,

why does

the man-half work?

Allen Newell

Brenda Laurel and Joy Mountford

Lakoff and Johnson

Pursuing the “metaphor” metaphor – Magic Cap

The Magic Cap metaphor

The Microsoft Bob metaphor

The Task Gallery metaphor

The Task Gallery metaphor

The Task Gallery metaphor

The Virtual Reality metaphor

The Virtual Reality metaphor

Available theories for cognitive design

What is the difference

between education

and designing

a better customer?

Richard Mayer – metaphors for learning programming

Jack Carroll – varieties of metaphor and Lisa-learning

Cognitive theories of education – Bruner and Ausubel

Papert and Kay – educating the child genius?

De Souza – the “Designer’s Deputy”

We like our heroes

fully-augmented

Negroponte’s Architecture Machine Group

SDMS “Dataland”

Command and control over Dataland

SDMS console

Engelbart at the NLS console

1984

1984

1984

1984

1984

Bruno Latour – recruiting allies for theory

Who gets to be creative?

The designer?

Or the user?

Ted Nelson

Dealing with the death of the designer

Further reading

• Blackwell, A.F. The reification of metaphor as a design tool. Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 13(4), 490-530. December 2006.

• Alan Blackwell: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~afb21