los adjetivos en español

Los adjetivos en españolEspañol 2 — ¿Quién soy yo?

Agreement

Spanish adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in gender and in number.

To make an adjective FEMININE change it according to its ending:

-o -a

-e or –ista same

-dor/-tor -dora/-tora

Consonants same

Identifying the gender of nouns

Masculine nouns typically end in: -l, -o, -n, -e, -r, -s

Greek cognates that end in –ema (el tema/el problema), -ama (el drama), -ta (el planeta)

Masculine rule breakers: el día, el papá, el mapa, el lápiz

Feminine nouns typically end in: -a, -ión (la elevación, la religión, la ilusión), -dad (la realidad), -tad

(la amistad), -tud (la juventud), -z (una vez), -umbre (la costumbre)

Feminine rule breakers: la mano, la mujer, la radio, la clase, la moto, la madre, la calle, la

flor, la foto

Placement

Spanish adjectives are typically placed AFTER the noun they describe except for…

Numbers (Tengo dos unicornios rosados.)

Quantity and quality words like:

Mucho (a lot/much/many)

Poco (a little/few)

Otro (another/other)

Mejor (better/best)

Peor (worse/worst)

Todo (all/every)

Pluralization

Original adjective ending

Masc. plural Fem. plural

-o Just add “s” Change –o to –a and add “s”

-e or -ista Just add “s”

-dor or -tor Just add “es” Add “as” to the end

consonants Just add “es” (-z becomes –ces)

Nationalities

Nationalities are also adjectives and follow all the same rules as other adjectives do. However, making them feminine or plural can sometimes be a little different than other adjectives.

Nationalities

Masc. singular

Fem. singular

Masc. plural Fem. plural

Ending in –o likeVENEZOLANO

VENEZOLANO VENEZOLANA VENEZOLANOS VENEZOLANAS

Ending in consonants likeESPAÑOL

ESPAÑOL ESPAÑOLA ESPAÑOLES ESPAÑOLAS

Ending in –e likeCOSTARRICENSE

COSTARRICENSE COSTARRICENSES