ltc, jack r. widmeyer transportation research conference, going to san bernardino a symposium on...
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TOD Version 2.0: Lessons Learned and Trends in California TOD
Going to San Bernardino: A Symposium on Intermodal Transit
Stations and Transit-Oriented Design
Jack R. Widmeyer Transportation Research Conference
Dr. Richard Willson, FAICPDepartment of Urban and Regional Planning
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Leonard Transportation Center
Transit-oriented development
►Transit-focused development
►Higher densities
►Mixed land uses
► Interconnected streets and sidewalks
►Human scale design
►TOD … the intersection of good transit planning and good community development planning
TOD Version 1.0
►On fixed rail (BART, San Diego Trolley, LA rail)
►On station property and within ¼ mile
►Vertical mixed use concepts (Fruitvale Village, Oakland)
► Economic challenges related to parking
Version 1.0 Successes
►Mature transit systems and TOD networks (BART)
► Progressive policy support: parking pricing, design, TDM, etc. (Sacramento)
► Integration with preexisting land use/transit strategy (Vancouver, BC)
► Pent up demand for high quality, transit-adjacent housing
Version 1.0 Weaknesses
►Use of inexpensive ROW with poor integration – TOD/TAD “islands”
►Transit connectivity and service frequency
►Mixed-use; housing market dynamics
►Counter incentives, e.g., free plentiful parking, road expansion
What is wrong with this donut hole?
California TOD Study
► Travel Characteristics of Transit-Oriented Development in California (2004) Comprehensive study of TOD sites throughout California Lund, Cervero and Willson Report available on line at
http://www.csupomona.edu/~rwwillson/
► Sites studied: Light rail: San Diego Trolley, Los Angeles Blue Line, San
Jose VTA, Sacramento Heavy rail: Los Angeles Red Line, BART Commuter rail: San Diego Coaster, LA Metrolink, Caltrain
► Separate study of Pasadena Gold Line
► No Inland Empire sites, no BTOD
Travel behavior impacts vary…
Transit Commute Mode Share (Rail and Bus)
26.5
44.937.8
3.313 17.4
5.413.8
5.8 6.6 4.2 4.8
01020304050
60708090
100
All Residential
Sites
BART: Pleasant
Hill
BART: S.
Alameda Cnty
LA Metro: Long
Beach
SD Trolley:
Mission Valley
Caltrain
Commuter
Tot
al tr
ips
(%)
Surveyed Sites Surrounding City
TOD Version 2.0
►What can we learn from three decades of experience?
►What will the next generation of TOD look like?
Best practice - transit service
►From Brown and Thompson (2009) study of transit agencies:
Adopt a multidestination vision for regional transit;
Use rail transit as the system backbone with high quality connecting bus
Recognize non-CBD travel market; serve regional activity centers, non-work trips
Encourage and ease transfers
Best practice - land use and community development
►Coordinated station area planning – transit agency, local jurisdiction
►Parking – supply, pricing, management
►Vertical mixed use to the extent feasible
►Brownfield development/redevelopment
►Multimodal accessibility – walk, bike, transit, shuttle, car
Trends
►Bus and commuter rail TOD
►Smart Growth aligns with climate change agenda (Ewing – Growing Cooler)
►Network effects as transit expanded (LA)
►Transit service improvements – (OCTA 30 minute service goal; local connectors)
►More brownfield sites (outdated retail)
Supporting factors
►Policy– AB 32, SB 375
►Financial – state bond funds
►Demography – aging population; work at home; variety of housing types
►Cultural changes re: automobility
►Return of traffic congestion (sorry)
►Energy prices + climate change regulation
Hazards/Impediments
►Economic downturn Pace of development
Land use mix►Retail feasibility
►Project phasing – back to horizontal mixed use?
►Community backlash against density Overselling – area vs. regional congestion
Lesser impacts of suburban TOD
►Failure to reform local plans and ordinances
Coherent planning frameworks
►SACOG RTP – transit vision
►SCAG - Blueprint planning
►BART – access plans and station area plans
►Caltrain – access policy
►LA Metro – Red Line joint development
►Anaheim – local plans
Commuter rail TOD
►Anaheim ARTIC multimodal facility Transition from commuter rail to HSR
Broaden from journey to work
Linkage with Platinum Triangle TOD
District-based shared parking potential
►Vista Canyon Ranch proposal, Santa Clarita Relocation of station for optimal design integration
Alignment with pockets of suburban density
Leveraging unmet retail demand
Bus TOD
►El Monte Transit Village
Design integration of bus terminal facility
Frequent headways and fast bus travel times to Union Station
Shared parking/pricing
Multi-agency agreements
Affordable housing
Widen TOD market area with access
►Widen TOD market area with station access planning (Caltrain)
►Walk/bike trips
►Subscription shuttles
►Neighborhood electric vehicles
Development on station property
►Replacing commuter parking with TOD
►BART methodology – fiscal analysis
►Impact on development feasibility
►MacArthur station case – 600 to 300 commuter spaces
Parking regulation, pricing, and management
►On-street parking management in TOD development areas and surrounding neighborhoods
►Parking cash out/charges at the workplace
►Parking unbundling/charges at residences
►Demand-based minimum parking requirements
Inland Empire Research
►Information on bus and commuter rail TOD
Trip generation, parking demand, transit demand
►IE study of those living near bus and Metrolink service
►Study area selection – ideas welcomed
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