making sense of smells a guide for understanding farmstead odors part 3: odor measurement -- notes...

Making Sense of SmellsA Guide for Understanding Farmstead Odors

Part 3: Odor Measurement -- Notes

Douglas W. HamiltonWaste Management SpecialistBiosystems and Agricultural Engineering

Odors need not be so mysterious …

1. They have structure

2. They are measurable

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Persistence

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Persistence

Concentration

Odor Measurement

How does it smell?

How Long?

How Much?

How Strong?

Character

Persistence

Concentration

Intensity

Notes Odors

Character

Persistence

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description

Persistence

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Character

Organic AcidsAcetic Acid

Propionic Acid

Butanoic Acid

Iso-Valeric Acid

Pentanoic Acid

Alcohols, Aldehydes, KetonesMethanol

Formaldehyde

Acetone

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia

Methyl amine

Dimethyl amine

Diethyl amine

Indole

Skatole

Phenolic CompoundsPhenol

p-Cresol

Sulfuric CompoundsHydrogen Sulfide

Methyl mercaptan

Dimethyl sulfide

Diethyl sulfide

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description Offensiveness

Persistence Odor Chord

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description

Persistence Top Note

Middle Note

Base Note

Odor Chord

Concentration

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic Sulfides

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic SulfidesNH3

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic SulfidesNH3

H3C-NH-CH3

Persistence

Top Notes Middle Notes Base NotesHydrogen Sulfide

Ammonia

Aldehydes

Alcohols

Ketones

Amines

Mercaptans

Short Organic Sulfides

Organic Acids

Phenolic Compounds

Indole

Skatole

Long Organic SulfidesNH3

H3C-NH-CH3

N

CH3

Notes Odors

Character Verbal Description

Persistence Top Note

Middle Note

Base Note

Odor Chord

Concentration Detection Level

Recognition Level

Intensity

Measuring Notes and Odors

NH3 Recognition Level = 37,000 ppb

NH3 Detection Level = 17 ppb

NH3 Acute Hazard = 50,000 to 100,000 ppb

NH3 Chronic Exposure = 25,000 ppb