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MammalsKingdom Animalia

---Phylum Chordata

------Subphylum Vertebrata

---------Class Mammalia

What do you get when

you cross an elephant

with a fish?

swimming trunks

Characteristics of being a mammal?

• Endothermic

• Have hair (at some point in their life)

• Breath air

• Viviparous

• Nurse young with mammary glands

• Specialized teeth

Evolution of Mammals

Mammals did not come to dominate until the

CENOZOIC ERA, after the dinosaurs became

extinct

Early mammals

were probably

rodent-like and

nocturnal

How do mammals stay warm?

Hair insulates most mammals

Some marine mammals have a layer of

subcutaneous fat (blubber)

What is the placenta?

Attached to the wall of the

uterus , it provides the fetus

with nourishment.

The Birth of a Giraffe

What are mammary glands?

Only found in mammals, produce milk to feed young.

Specialized Teeth

●Incisors – biting

●Canines - stabbing, holding

●molars - crushing, grinding

Different types of mammals have different types

of teeth - depending on their diet

Predators have large canines

Herbivores have large flat molars

The canines of predators

are very large and sharp,

used for tearing flesh

Digestion

Mammals have diverse diets.

Herbivores often have an extra stomach chamber

called a RUMEN to help them digest plants

This chamber

holds bacteria

that can digest

plant material

Circulatory system comparison

fish amphibian reptiles birds & mammals

A A

V

V V VV

A AAA

A

V

2 chamber 3 chamber 3 chamber 4 chamber

Why are the hearts of endothermic

animals more complex?

Mammals are TETRAPODS, meaning they have four limbs.These limbs can be adapted to different functions, such as the wings

of bats or the flippers of whales.

An animal that is BIPEDAL walks on two

legs.

Whales do not have hind limbs, but

they do have VESTIGIAL pelvic bones.

Quick Check

1. What attaches to the uterus wall and nourishes an

embryo? _____________________

2. What muscles helps mammals breathe? _______

3. Which type of tooth is used for grinding? _____

4. What part of a cow helps them digest plants? _____

5. The structure of the jaw and teeth can give you

information about about a mammal’s:

a. habitat b. age c. diet

6. Mammals have [ double / single ] loop circulation.

7. Diversity refers to

a. different kinds b. the way animals evolved

Reproduction

Most mammals give birth to live young.

There are two groups that are exceptions…

1.Monotremes (lay eggs)

2.Marsupials (develop young in a pouch)

Order Monotremata●Egg laying mammals found only in Australia

●Have reptilian characteristics

(cloaca & egg laying)

●Have mammalian features

(hair, mammary gland)

Echidna (Spiny Ant Eater)

Artiodactyla

- hoofed mammals

- even number of toes

- large, grazing mammals

COW

Related to Cows

Videos: Goats Yelling Like Humans

mouse

Order Rodentia

- single pair of

long incisors

- GNAWING

mammals

chinchilla

Related to Mice

Rabbit

Order Lagomorpha

- 2 pair of

incisors

- hind legs are

for jumping

- herbivorous

Related to Rabbits

pika! hare

Panda Bear - herbivorous

Order Carnivora

- most of

carnivorous

- large canines

for killing prey

MORE CARNIVORES

Related to Bears

Baboon

Order Primate

- well

developed

cerebrum

- opposable

thumbs

Related

Derived from the Greek word ketos, meaning sea

monster.

It's easy to imagine what ancient sailors must have

thought when seeing whales. Without modern

knowledge whales were extremely mysterious

dwellers of the deep.

Cetaceans

• There are 76 confirmed species of whales, dolphins and porpoises.

• There are several species of whales that have never been observed alive; they are known only from beached animals or bones.

• Divided into two major groups, Odontocetes or toothed whales and Mysticetes or baleen whales.

Dolphin

Order Cetacea

- aquatic

mammals

- blowhole

- blubber

Related

What the heck is a narwhal?

African Elephant

Order Proboscidea

- trunks

- tusks

2 Species:

Asian &

African

Asian Elephant

Order Marsupiala

●Mammals bear their young in an immature

state, babies develop in a pouch

●Majority are found on Australia, opossums

are found on other continents

Related to Kangaroos

Kangaroo Birth

Placental MammalsPlacental Mammals have a gestation period

(length of time in uterus)

Order Perissodactyla

Rhinoceros

- hoofed

- odd

number of

toes

Tapir

Foot of a tapir

Related

9 banded armadillo

Order Xenarthra

teeth without

enamel (or no

teeth)

SLOTH

relative of

the armadillo

Order Chiroptera

fruit bat

winged mammals, ⅕ of all mammal

species

BAT

moles and shrews

Order Insectivora

long snouts

insect - eaters

diggers

• The Greek name for this order is derived

from the sirens of Greek mythology.

• Mythological sirens were half woman, half

bird, who lured sailors to their death with

their beauty and mesmerizing songs.

• It’s thought that the early sightings of

manatees and dugongs gave rise to the

stories of what we refer to as “mermaids”

Order Sirenia

herbivores

shallow water

slow moving

Manatees (Florida)

Dugong (Australia)

Dugongs

• As dugongs feed,

whole plants are

uprooted and a

telltale-feeding trail

is left.

• Which terrestrial

mammal do you

think Sirenians are

closest related to?

manatees on Reading Rainbow