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Technology trends within water and waste water treatment
Harsha RatnaweeraProfessor, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
Presentation at University of Makarere
Market drivers!
Investments!
Technological trends!
Technological innovations
GDP World = 77.6 trillion USD (in 2014)
Uganda: 0.03 trillion USDNorway: 0.52 trillion USD
Africa: 2.4 trillion USDChina: 9 trillion USDUSA: 18 trillion USD
GDP World = 77.6 trillion USD
71 trillion USD = 90% of world’s GDP is dependent on water
589 billion USD = Water and wastewater treatment and distribution market
(4% annual growth)
2014 figures, GWI
Market drivers for global water investments
(and developments)
Water facts
• 70% of the world is covered with water•Only 3% is fresh water•Less than 0.007% is easily accessible for humans (rest is either in frozen icebergs or in deep groundwater aquifers)
Cubic kilometers
Access to safe drinking water
Ratio of wastewater treatment
71 main Indian cities produce 70 million m3 ww/day (132 mill m3/d in 2050), but the treatment capacity is 12 million m3/d…
Global water market & drivers
Frost & Sullivan
589
Global risks- associated with water Water resources development market
© Global Water Intelligence
Market outlook - Uganda
Technological developments
Reduction of plant footprints
Particle separation 1 nm 1 µm 1 mm 1 cm
0.0000001 0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Molecules Colloids Suspended Solids Bacteria Algae Virus
Removal of more particles= reduced load on subsequent processes= cheaper and smaller processes
Particle removal
Fine Sieves:• Majority of TSS can be removed with sieves >500
microns.• New systems with 100 micrones• Combination of sieves with chemicals
Salsnes/Trojan: 50% TSS & 20% BOD removal Frank Rogalla, Aqualia
Reduction of plant footprint
BAF – Biological Aerated Filters: Biostyr
1 500 000 PE Biostyr
1 500 000 PE Activated Sludge
Reduction of plant footprint
Membrane bio-reactors Reducing footprint of separation stage
Actiflow: from 2 hours to 10-20 mins
Polymers??
Advances in biological treatment
Nitrogen cycle revisited
• Short cut in N-removal• No need for external C-
source
• Must prevent NO2"NO3
• Slow growing organisms
Enzymology in Biological WWT• Use of selective enzymes in biological WWT
–Can shorten the space requirement by 50% in cold climates
–Faster start-up–Less odour–Controlling filamentous microorganisms
Disinfection
• Safer, cheaper and more efficient..
UV disinfection
• Lifetime from 2 years to >11 years with LED technology
• Combatting reactivation• Disinfection by-products: no THMs, but more exotic
ones?
Membrane technologies
• Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment• membranes for desalination• Removal of non-traditional pollutants cheaper and more
efficiently• Seawater desalination with solar-power
Nano technology
NanoadsorbentsMagnetic nanoparticles
NanofiltrationNanocatalystsNanobiocides
Nanofibers
Reuse of water• Recycled water is becoming to be recognized as a
beneficial resource and not a waste
Recovery of valuables from wastewater
NitrogenPhosphorous
Organic matterEnergy
Phosphorus crisis
• Coagulation – reduces the plant availability of phosphorous
– After treatment of sludge– Struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) production– Reduce Al/Fe use
WWTPs or energy plants?
Frank Rogalla, Aqualia
Energy from sludge• Thermal hydrolysis
One visit to toilet = car fuel for 350 m Biofuels from microalgae.
EU FP7 All-gas project
Real-time surveillance and control
Smart IT technologies = integral component of modern water networks• Earlier detection of leakages• Approximate location from data simulations• Process surveillance and control
Sewer systems
Coping with the Climate Change• More and frequent rains
–Overloaded sewers and WWTPs will have even more challenges.
• How to cope with the need?–Infrastructure expansions–Soft approaches: real time control of sewers and
WWTPs
Novel sensors and estimation tools• Water quantity- using weather radar and physical
measurements• Models to estimate water quality with simpler
measurements (flow, etc)• Advanced data processing• Remote surveillance & control
• Image analysis• Novel technologies for cheaper and faster detection• Bioindicators
Optimal dosages and images of flocs
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2
Tot.
P ef
ficie
ncy,
%
Dose, mmole Al/l
Floc features detection limit GLCM
A paradigm shift
Arve Heistad, NMBU
In household wastewater:
* 90 % of N* 80 % of P* 80 % of K* 40-75 % of org.matter
comes from the toilet fraction(blackwater)
Valuable resources:Wastewater as a resource
Household
Blackwater Greywater
Purified greywater
Discharge
Reuse
Urine
Feaces
IrrigationFertilizing
CompostingBiogas-prod.Fertilizer
Storingfertilizer
FoodEnergy
Be a water professional!
A world with lot of possibilities!
44Thank you
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