matching conducted emi to international standards

33 rd Power Electronics Specialists Conference

Matching Conducted EMI to International Standards

F. S. Dos Reis, J. C. M. de Lima, V. M. Canalli, F. S. Dos Reis, J. C. M. de Lima, V. M. Canalli,

J. A. Pomilio, J. Sebastián and J. UcedaJ. A. Pomilio, J. Sebastián and J. Uceda

Table of Contents

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITYELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

CONDUCTED EMICONDUCTED EMI

CONDUCTED EMI TESTCONDUCTED EMI TEST

SIMULATIONSIMULATION

FILTERING FILTERING

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

By Globalization´s By Globalization´s Highway...Highway...International Rules...International Rules...

ALCAALCA MERCOSULMERCOSUL European UnionEuropean Union

Consumers RequirementsConsumers Requirements No difference between domestic and No difference between domestic and commercial environment. commercial environment.

In the last years...Technologic AdvanceIn the last years...Technologic Advance

By Globalization´s By Globalization´s Highway...Highway...International Rules...International Rules...

POWERLINEPOWERLINE

CAPACITORS VOLTAGECAPACITORS VOLTAGECCCC

DIODES INPUT CURRENTDIODES INPUT CURRENT

POWERLINE CURRENTPOWERLINE CURRENT

CC cccc

CC - CCCC - CC

CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL INPUT RECTIFIERINPUT RECTIFIER

Date/Time run: 06/14/98 22:25:06

* C:\MSIM60\EXAMPLES\EXAMPLE\RETCAP.SCH

Temperature: 27.0

Date: June 14, 1998 Page 1 Time: 22:35:11

(L) C:\MSIM60\EXAMPLES\EXAMPLE\RETCAP.DAT

0s 10ms 20ms 30ms 40ms 50ms 60ms

V(C1:2) -I(R2) V(D1:1,D4:2) -I(D2) I(D4)

CAPACITIVE FILTER RECTIFIER

PURE RESISTIVE LOAD

CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL INPUT RECTIFIERINPUT RECTIFIER

To solve those problems it was created the PFPsTo solve those problems it was created the PFPsTo solve those problems it was created the PFPsTo solve those problems it was created the PFPs

Resistence Emulators.Resistence Emulators.

Power Factor Corrector Preregulator.Power Factor Corrector Preregulator.

Input Preregulator.Input Preregulator.

Power Factor Preregulator.Power Factor Preregulator.

Resistence Emulators.Resistence Emulators.

Power Factor Corrector Preregulator.Power Factor Corrector Preregulator.

Input Preregulator.Input Preregulator.

Power Factor Preregulator.Power Factor Preregulator.

Objective Main Terms and Definitions Motivation Main Regulations about EMC EMC Limits Conducted EMI Conducted EMI Assays Techniques to Reduce EMI Conclusion

INDEXINDEX

Means to determine, easily, the EMI levels, facing the following points:

Main Regulations; Conducted EMI; Conducted EMI Assays; EMI Minimization Techniques.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Power Quality:Power Quality:

Noise Spoils the Power Quality.Noise Spoils the Power Quality.

Examples of problems caused by EMI: Drill Intervening on TV; Electronic Ballast's makes the TV change the

channel. Switching Load noise in Radios.

Necessity of accordance with Regulations.

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

TERMS AND TERMS AND DEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS

Eletromagnetic Compatibility - EMC:

• It´s the caracteristic presented by an equipment, or system, of operating, satisfactorily, in an electromagnetic environment without interfering or being interfered.

Electromagnetic Interference – EMIElectromagnetic Interference – EMIIt´s the spoiling on the performance of na It´s the spoiling on the performance of na

equipment or system, caused by a equipment or system, caused by a electromagnetic disturb. electromagnetic disturb.

IEC - International Electrotechnique Comission Comissão Eletrotécnica Internacional.

CISPR - International Special Committee on Radio Interference publication.

CENELEC - European committee to Electrotechinique Regulations

ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

EMISSION SUSCEPTIBILITY

CONDUZIDA IRRADIATED CONDUCTED IRRADIATED

ELECTROSTATIC

HARMONICSPOWER

FLUTUATION RADIO-INTERFERENCE

Basic Categories Basic Categories for EMCfor EMC

CISPR 14 Engine operating equipment´s

CISPR 16Disturbs and Immunity Methods and Measuring

Equipment´s

MAIN MAIN REGULATIONSREGULATIONS

Immunity Limit

Nível de compatibilidade

Immunity Edge

Independent Variable

Disturbs Level

Emission LimitEmission Edge

Immunity Edge

EMC LIMITSEMC LIMITS

VDE 0871VDE 0871100

300.01 0.15 0.5 1 10 30

A and C Class

Limit Values

Class B

Limit Values

REGULATION REGULATION LIMITSLIMITS

It's the electromagnetic interference that propagates by power reliefs.

This kind of interference can be:Differential Mode (DM)Commum Mode (CM)

CONDUCTED CONDUCTED EMIEMI

EquipmentEquipment

ZZ redred

ii CMDCMD

CONDUCTED CONDUCTED EMI IN DMEMI IN DM

EquipmentEquipment

ZZ redred

iiCMCCMC

CONDUCTED CONDUCTED EMI IN CM?EMI IN CM?

Interference MeasurerEMI Receptor

10 kHz to 30 MHzAccording to VDE 0871

450 kHz a 30 MHzAccording to FCC 15

Telescopic AntennaLoop Antenna

Dipole Antenna

30 to 1000 MHz

Interferencesupply

According to VDE 0871 e FCC

10 kHz to 30 MHzAccording to VDE 0871

Not Required by VDE

Einter..

Hinter..

Pinter..

Uinter..

Iinter...

CONDUCTED CONDUCTED EMI IN DMEMI IN DM

Line Impedance Stabilization Network

Bigger Diameter = 2 X

E U T Antenna

Smaller Diameter = 3 X

Open Field Open Field OATSOATS

Plano de Tierra

Equipo Bajo Prueba Antena4 m

3 m10 m30 m

EMIReceptor

IRRADIATED EMI IRRADIATED EMI MEASURING MEASURING PROCEEDINGSPROCEEDINGS

Few able laboratories;

High cost of the assays;

Very expensive equipment;

Technique capacitation;

Regulations Interpretation;

ASSAYS ASSAYS DIFICULTIESDIFICULTIES

EquipmentEquipment

Under AssayUnder Assay

Measuring Measuring

InstrumentInstrument

CONDUCTED EMI CONDUCTED EMI ASSAYSASSAYS

Condutive Surface Connected to GndCondutive Surface Connected to Gnd

Under Assay EquipmentUnder Assay Equipment

LISNLISN

EMI ReceptorEMI Receptor

80 cm80 cm8080

4040cmcm

Available equipment´s under assay and measuring instruments

CONDUCTED EMI CONDUCTED EMI ASSAYSASSAYS

Condutive Surface Connected to GndCondutive Surface Connected to Gnd

Under Assay EquipmentUnder Assay Equipment

LISNLISN

EMI ReceptorEMI Receptor

80 cm80 cm8080

4040cmcm

Frequency (MHz)Frequency (MHz)

± 20 % Maximum Tolerance± 20 % Maximum Tolerance

ARTIFICIAL ARTIFICIAL

NETWORKNETWORKFre. Imp.

LISN LISN CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

CISPR 16

Receptor EMI

2 µF 39 k7.5 µF

.22 µF

250 µH 50 µH E U T

2 µF 39 k7.5 µF

.22 µF250 µH 50 µH

COMERCIAL LISN COMERCIAL LISN

VDE 0871VDE 0871

300.01 0.15 0.5 1 10 30

A and C Class

Limit Values

Class B

Limit Values

If we realize that the equipment If we realize that the equipment doesn’t follow the specification of doesn’t follow the specification of

a determined regulation...a determined regulation...

Preventives: Preventives:

Adjusted Control Methods (Tanaka, Adjusted Control Methods (Tanaka,

Wang, Albach, Lin, Willers, Simonetti)Wang, Albach, Lin, Willers, Simonetti)Adjusted Topology (DosReis) Adjusted Topology (DosReis) Adjusted Assembling Techniques Adjusted Assembling Techniques

HOW TO MINIMIZE HOW TO MINIMIZE THE EMI?THE EMI?

CorrectivesCorrectives::

Applying shielding.Applying shielding.

Using Filter.Using Filter.

HOW TO MINIMIZE HOW TO MINIMIZE THE EMI?THE EMI?

NETWORK FILTER NETWORK FILTER EMIEMI

Making Compatible Conducted Making Compatible Conducted EMI Generated for Power Factor EMI Generated for Power Factor

Preregulators with the Preregulators with the International Regulation International Regulation

Making Compatible Conducted Making Compatible Conducted EMI Generated for Power Factor EMI Generated for Power Factor

Preregulators with the Preregulators with the International Regulation International Regulation

Input Current.Input Current.

LISNLISN

EMI Receptor.EMI Receptor.

Input Current.Input Current.

LISNLISN

EMI Receptor.EMI Receptor.

Quantify EMIQuantify EMI

SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS AVAILABLE AVAILABLE CURRENTLYCURRENTLY

Quantify EMI ( abacuses ).Quantify EMI ( abacuses ).

Minimize EMI ( FM and filter).Minimize EMI ( FM and filter).

Quantify EMI ( abacuses ).Quantify EMI ( abacuses ).

Minimize EMI ( FM and filter).Minimize EMI ( FM and filter).

Objectives Objectives

Why the Variable Why the Variable Frequency Techniques Frequency Techniques

reduce EMI?reduce EMI?

Why the Variable Why the Variable Frequency Techniques Frequency Techniques

reduce EMI?reduce EMI?

Given an usual Input Current Given an usual Input Current Harmonic Spectrum Harmonic Spectrum f. Constant. f. Constant.

10 1000 kHz

Given an usual Input Current Given an usual Input Current Harmonic Spectrum Harmonic Spectrum f. Variable. f. Variable.

FM FM x x F constantF constantFM FM x x F constantF constant

d var.

Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)

I I (t)(t)

ggintint

U (t)U (t)intint

U (t)U (t)CDCD

CCDD U (t)U (t)DD RR2w2w

U (t)U (t)

wwCCww

RR1w1w

LISNLISN

DemodulatorDemodulator Quase-Peak MeasurerQuase-Peak Measurer

FilterFilter

MEASURING MEASURING SYSTEMSYSTEM

Frecuencia

10 a 150 kHz .15 a 30 MHz 30 a 1000 MHz

Ancho de Banda 200 Hz 9 kHz 120 kHzConstante de tiempo decarga.

45 ms 1 ms 1 ms

Constante de tiempo dedescarga.

500 ms 160 ms 550 ms

Constante de tiempomecánica

160 ms 160 ms 100 ms

EMI RECEPTOR EMI RECEPTOR CHARACTERISTICCHARACTERISTIC

CC cccc

DDiigg

1 :n1 :nTT

RRi ( t)i ( t)gg

PFP WITH BUCK-PFP WITH BUCK-BOOST CONVERTERBOOST CONVERTER

CCcccc

1 :n1 :nTT

i ( t)i ( t)gg

PFP WITH ZETA PFP WITH ZETA CONVERTERCONVERTER

CCcccc VV

RRiigg meme

( t)( t)iigg ( t)( t)

PFP WITH BOOST PFP WITH BOOST CONVERTERCONVERTER

vvgg CC

DDiigg

1 :n1 :nTT

RRi ( t)i ( t)gg

ggi ( t)i ( t)

medmed

PFP WITH SEPIC PFP WITH SEPIC CONVERTERCONVERTER

µVµV

Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)

EMI FILTER EFFECTEMI FILTER EFFECT

µVµV

EMI RECEPTOR’S EMI RECEPTOR’S TIPICAL TIPICAL REPRESENTATIONREPRESENTATION

µVµV

EMI RECEPTOR’S EMI RECEPTOR’S TIPICAL TIPICAL REPRESENTATIONREPRESENTATION

M = 1,23

M = 1,62

M = 2,01

M = 2,39

M = 2,78

M = 3,16

M’ = ____V output____ n V input

GENERAL ABACUSGENERAL ABACUS

How to correlate the How to correlate the results of abacus with results of abacus with

a real case?a real case?

How to correlate the How to correlate the results of abacus with results of abacus with

a real case?a real case?

High Frequency

U (dB/U (dB/V) = 20 log P V + U (dB/V) = 20 log P V + U (dB/V)V)

refref

nomnom

g nomg nom

refref

P VP Vnomnomg refg ref

USING GAIN USING GAIN EQUATIONS EQUATIONS

M = 1,23

M = 1,62

M = 2,01

M = 2,39

M = 2,78

M = 3,16

U (dB/U (dB/V) = 20 log P V + U (dB/V) = 20 log P V + U (dB/V)V)

refref

nomnom

g nomg nom

refref

P VP Vnomnomg refg ref

Why you can use those equationsWhy you can use those equationsWhy you can use those equationsWhy you can use those equations

LISNLISN PFPPFP

P nom.

Alta freqüência

M = 1,23M = 1,23

M = 1,62M = 1,62

M = 2,01M = 2,01

M = 2,39M = 2,39

M = 2,78M = 2,78

M = 3,16M = 3,16

µVµV

Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)Frecuencia de operación del convertidor (MHz)

FM BOOST FM BOOST

PROTOTYPES PROTOTYPES

Conversor Elevador em FMConversor Elevador em FMConversor Elevador em FMConversor Elevador em FM

Experimental Result

FM BOOST FM BOOST

Experimental Result

FM BUCK-BOOST FM BUCK-BOOST

Converter sideLine side

EMI FILTER DESIGN EMI FILTER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CONSIDERATIONS

10 AAx

Converter sideLine side

FM BUCK-BOOST FM BUCK-BOOST

DESIGN EXAMPLE DESIGN EXAMPLE

The Experimental Results validate the method.

Small discrepancies, between the theoretical and practical values, have been observed.

The Inductors size practically doesn't change.

The Experimental Results validate the method.

Small discrepancies, between the theoretical and practical values, have been observed.

The Inductors size practically doesn't change.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

matching conducted emi to international standards

emi levels

emi assays techniques

electromagnetic environment

international rules

input preregulator

international standardsf

power factor preregulator

kind of interference

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