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Matt Luke JohnMark
Sources Peter
Traditional view
Experience with Jesus
How Were the Gospels Written?The most difficult intellectual problem in human history
Matt Luke JohnMark
Sources Peter
Traditional view
Experience with Jesus
How Were the Gospels Written?The most difficult intellectual problem in human history
ProblemsToo many differences: Lord’s prayer (69 & 143), Beatitudes (65)Too many similarities: Isaiah quote (24)
Mark Q
Matt Luke
Experience with Jesus
Peter
Two-Source Theory
“Matthew and Luke used Mark and Q to write their gospels.”
John
Two-Source Theory
“Matthew and Luke used Mark and Q to write their gospels.”
The two-source theory depends on two ideas:1. Mark was the first gospel2. There was a document called Q. (Q existed.)
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter.
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
Later works tend to be longer.
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter.
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
1)Matthew contains 92% of Mark, but Mark only contains 50% of Matthew
Later works tend to be longer.
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter.
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
1)Matthew contains 92% of Mark, but Mark only contains 49% of Matthew
606 500
Later works tend to be longer.
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
1)Matthew contains 92% of Mark, but Mark only contains 49% of Matthew
2)Luke contains 48% of Mark, but Mark contains only 28% of Luke
606 500
325 325
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primary
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primary
Sometimes they all agree (pericope 83)
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primary
Sometimes Matthew and Mark agree against Luke (pericope 81)
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primary
Sometimes Mark and Luke agree against Matthew (pericopes 94-5)
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primary
But Matthew and Luke never agree against Mark
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 240
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 187
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 1873)They remove the Aramaic sayings 95
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 1873)They remove the Aramaic sayings 954)They remove redundancies 49
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 1873)They remove the Aramaic sayings 954)They remove redundancies 49
2.Q existed
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
606 500
325 325
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 1873)They remove the Aramaic sayings 954)They remove redundancies 49
2.Q existedA. Quelle means source in German
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
606 500
325 325
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 1873)They remove the Aramaic sayings 954)They remove redundancies 49
2.Q existedA. Quelle means source in GermanB. Q means 250 non-Markan verses that Matthew and Luke share
1068
661
1149
Matt Mark Luke
606 500
325 325
Q
Q
1.Mark is the first gospelA. Mark is shorter. Later works tend to be longer.B. Mark’s order is primaryC. Matthew and Luke improve Mark’s style
1)They improve his vocabulary 2402)They remove the historical present 1873)They remove the Aramaic sayings 954)They remove redundancies 49
2.Q existedA. Quelle means source in GermanB. Q means 250 non-Markan verses that Matthew and Luke shareC. These verses are practically identical, yet they appear in different
contexts in Matthew and in Luke.
661
Matt Mark Luke
606 500
325 325
Q
Q
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