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Thermal and Structural Analysis of a
Combustion Test Apparatus using
ANSYSAdam Decker
Brandon Underwood
Matt Greathouse
Scott Andrews
ME 450 Dr. Nemah MW 430 PM 545 PM
Fall 2008
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Objectives
Structural Analysis on the fuel tank filled with
a propane and air mixture if an explosion
occurs.
Transient Thermal Analysis on the test cell to
test if the temperatures will be too high for
the current design.
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Introduction
Tank
Test Cell
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Theoretical Background
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Combustion
Chamber Heat
Transfer Analysis
A simulation wasrun to find
whether the entire
chamber could
heat to the point
where any special
precautions would
need to be taken.
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Fuel/Air Mix Behavior
What would the characteristics be of the fuel/air
mixture during the combustion process?
What equations would be needed to find this
information?
What is the convection heat transfer coefficient,
enabling ANSYS to simulate the heat transfer
from the combustion to the chamber walls?
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Equations
1. Hydraulic Diameter
2. Reynolds Number
3. Friction Factor
4. Nusselt Number
5. Convection Coefficient
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Tank Explosion
Analysis
A simulation wasrun to predict what
could happen if
multiple part
failures were to
occur causing the
ignition of the
tanks fuel/air mix.
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Maximum Pressure
First, find the maximum possible pressure for
the combustion temperature using ideal gas
law.
PV=nRTDouble this pressure to simulate the combustion
shockwave.
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Explosion analysis model details
Modeled in ProE
Imported into ANSYS
Workbench
Static structural analysis 7285 nodes
3605 elements
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Materials and conditions
Structural steel
0 DOF on base of tank
Constant 20 C temperature 36259 psi Yield strength
66717 psi Ultimate strength
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Application of loads
Steps Time [s] Pressure [psi]
10. 0.
1.e-002 3000.
22.e-002
1442.79.
3 10. 0.
Pressure loading on
interior surface
10ms overpressure
simulates shock wave ofexplosion
Ramp loading better
simulates real world
behavior
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Tank analysis results
42897 psi maximum
stress
Greater than yield
stress Less than ultimate
stress of 66717 psi
Tank should be replacedif an explosion occurs
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Thermal analysis model details
Modeled in ProE
Imported into ANSYS
Workbench
Transient thermalanalysis
Block contained
14228 nodes 8112 elements
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Materials and conditions
Aluminum
Initially 20 C
1.5ms for 60%
combustion
StepStepEndTime
InitialTimeStep
Minimum Time
Step
Maximum Time
Step
11.5e-003 s
1.5e-005 s
1.5e-006 s
1.5e-004 s
2 1. s9.985e-
003 s
9.985e-
004 s
9.985e-
002 s
3 2. s1.e-002
s1.e-003
s0.1 s
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Application of loads
Natural convection
Vertical surfaces
Horizontal surfaces
Forced turbulentconvection
h=5.2527e-005
BTU/sinF
Radiation
=.1
Steps Time [s]ConvectionCoefficient
[BTU/sinF]
Temperature[F]
1
0. = 5.2527e-005 = 2240.
1.5e-0035.2527e-005
2240.
2 1. 1340.3
3 2. 0. 68.
Steps Time [s] Temperature [F]1
0. = 2240.
1.5e-003 2240.
2 1. 1340.3
3 2. 32.
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Block analysis results
Maximum
temperature 87.231 F
Temperature on
outside of blockremains even lower
No danger to
components hooked
up to the outside
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Impact Statement- Societal
Propane:
-majority of used is produced domestically
-nearly 80 percent of farms use to run pumpsand engines, dry crops, heat buildings, process
foods, and reduce emissions.
-more than 10 million vehicles around the
world use propane
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Impact Statement - Environmental
Propane:
low carbon count (per BTU)
emmisions are much cleaner
has relatively gentle human toxicity characteristics
not a potential contributor to groundwater
pollution
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Impact Statement - Safety
Flammability
Propane can create gaseous hydrogen (which
can be a flammable issue)
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Conclusion
Structural Analysis showed no catastophic
failures in tank. Will need replaced if a failure
occurs.
Thermal analysis showed that the test cell will
not reach temperatures that could damage
other components.
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Bibliography
Moaveni, Saeed. Finite Element Analysis:
Theory and Application with ANSYS. Upper
Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008.
Incropera, Frank P., David P. Dewitt, Theodore
L. Bergman, and Adrienne S. Lavine.
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer.
Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2007.
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